Ubuzima
Frederick Taylor ni injeniyeri muri Amerika yakoraga mu kwiyongera mu buryo bw'ibikorwa mu nganda. Umwanditsi wigitabo "Amahame yubuyobozi bwa siyansi" yahagaze ku nkomoko yo kwinuba. Yakoresheje uburyo bushya bwo gucunga udushya twagize uruhare runini mubikorwa byubwumvikane bwa mashini. Byongeye kandi, Taylor yishora mu bijyanye n'ubuhanga kandi aba nyir'ipato menshi.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Frederick Winslow Taylor yavutse ku ya 20 Werurwe 1856 mu mujyi wa Yembono, uherereye i Philadelphia. Umuryango we wari ufite umutekano, nuko umwana yamaranye umuhungu mu kanama gafite ibikoresho. Papa yakoraga nk'umwunganira maze agira leta ingwate, naho nyina ashyigikira gukuraho ubucakara. Amaze amashuri yo mu rugo, Frederick imyaka 2 yiganye mu Budage n'Ubufaransa, hanyuma arakora undi mwaka n'igice hejuru y'Uburayi.
Mu 1872, yabaye umunyeshuri wishuri rya Phillips muri Exeter kandi ateganya kwinjira nyuma ya Harvard numwuga mu by'amategeko. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, umusore yinjiye muriyi kaminuza, ariko ibibazo byubuzima byatinyutse kuvugurura ibyihutirwa.
Taylor yabaye umutoza wumuntu wujuje imyambarire numushoferi abona akazi mumirimo ya hydraulic ya motedraulic, itanga pompe. Umusore ntabwo yitiranya ko inkomoko yayo itahuye numurima wibikorwa. Nyuma y'amezi atandatu, injeniyeri ikizere yahagarariye abakora imashini z'icyongereza mu imurikagurisha ry'ibanze muri Philadelphia.
Mu 1878, Frederick yinjiye mu bakozi ku ruganda rwa Midway. Inzobere yahise yurira urwego rw'umwuga kandi ihujwe n'imyanya ya Master of MealicHop ya mashini na injeniyeri nyamukuru w'ikigo. Ibi byatewe nimpano zubuhanga bukiri muto kandi ko mushiki wa Taylor yari umugore wa co-nyir'igihingwa. Mu 1883, yize mu ishami rishinzwe inyongera ry'ikigo cy'ikoranabuhanga cya Stevens, injeniyeri yakiriye impamyabumenyi mu buhanga.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ku ya 3 Gicurasi 1884, Frederick Taylor yashakanye na Louise Ikiyiko, umukobwa wa Filadelifiya. Ubuzima bwihariye bwa bombi bwateye imbere neza. Uwo mwashakanye yibarutse injeniyeri umukobwa, Elizabeth yitwa.Ibikorwa bya siyansi
Gutangira gukora muri kinale, toror byumvikanye ko imikorere y'abakozi mu ruganda atari myinshi, nkuko bishoboka, kandi ikiguzi cy'abakozi ni hejuru cyane. Amaze kubona umwanya wa Brigadier, Frederick yatangiye gusesengura imikorere y'abakozi, ntiyibagirwe igice cyabantu.
Kuva mu 1890 imyaka itatu, yabaye umuyobozi mukuru numujyanama wubwubatsi mugukora isosiyete ishoramari rya Philadelphia. Frederick Taylor yari n'umuyobozi w'impapuro muri Maine, kandi mu 1893 atangira imyitozo yo mu nama i Philadelphia. Kugisha inama inzobere yatangiye gutanga, yemererwa kuvugurura intangarugero yumwanditsi.
Mu 1898, Taylor yatumiwe i Betelehemu kugira ngo akemure imikorere y'ibikoresho bihenze. Nyuma yimyaka 3, kubera kutumvikana na bagenzinye, injeniyeri yavuye muri rusange. Mu 1906, kaminuza ya Pennsylvania yahaye umuyobozi umuganga wa siyansi, kandi bidatinze Frederick yabaye umwarimu w'ishuri ry'ubucuruzi muri kaminuza ya Dartmouth.
Kuva mu 1906 kugeza 1907, Umunyamerika yari perezida wumuryango wabanyamerika wa AMERIKA AMERIKAZA, aho yagerageje gushyira mubikorwa sisitemu yo kuyobora. Kurwanya abayoborwa byatumye bishoboka gutunganya ishami rishinzwe gutangaza gusa.
Muri iki gihe, injeniyeri yamaze kubona leta, niyo mpamvu yemeye guhambira ubuzima bwa biografiya ntabwo ari umurimo muruganda, ariko hamwe no guteza imbere ibitekerezo bye. Urubanza "Entry-Entry" rwakoze uburyo bwa siyansi ya Taylor mu mahoro azwi. Mugihe cyiburanisha, gari ya moshi iyobowe namategeko yubuyobozi bwa siyansi ntakeneye amafaranga yinyongera.
Mu 1911, Theorist yasohoye monografi "amahame yubuyobozi bwa siyansi". Yahujije kandi ingingo nyinshi z'uburenganzira ku cyandikishijwe intoki ameme yashyikirijwe. Komisiyo ihuriweho yamenyereye yamenyereye inyandiko maze yerekeza ku biro by'ubwanditsi bw'Abanyamerika. Muhinduzi wa Leon Prett Elford, uwo bahanganye, yanze gucapa. Frederick yatangaje umurimo wigenga.
Tumaze kuba umwanditsi w'igitekerezo cyo kuzamura imikorere mu bigo, Taylor yatanze umusanzu mu micungire, ibyo bishimira abayoboke be. Umwanditsi w'ubuyobozi bwa siyansi yashyizeho uburyo bwafashije abantu ibihumbi kunoza ubuzima bwiza kandi bazamure imibereho y'abakozi. Injeniyeri yabaye iyambere wahisemo gusesengura imirimo, kumureba muri gahunda no kwiga.
Yatanze gusimbuza Emfirica mu gikorwa cy'ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi yashyizweho, basabwe guhitamo yitonze, yigisha no guteza imbere abakozi, kandi ntabwo yizeye kwiyigisha. Umugabo yatekereje ku buryo burambuye asobanura inshingano z'umukozi no kuyikurikiza. Umunyamerika kandi yavuze akoresheje gutandukana hagati y'abayobozi n'abakozi, asaba uwambere gushyira mu bikorwa ibya siyansi, n'iya kabiri kugira ngo akore imirimo.
Frederick Taylor yemeye kumenyekanisha ibipimo ngenderwaho no gukoresha ibikoresho byiza byimirimo, gutunganya imiterere yakazi neza nubufatanye mumusaruro. Inshingano yo kwemeza ko ibi birebire kubayobozi - abanyamwuga bahuguwe. Abayobozi bagombaga guhitamo abakozi kuri buri gikorwa cyihariye, gukora muburyo burambuye gahunda y'ibikorwa no kubageza kubakozi.
Udushya ntibyishimiye abakozi bakoresheje, kwigaragambyaga uburyo bwa Taylor. The Teorist yizeraga ko buri mukozi akwiye gutanga akazi, kandi umushahara ugomba kubahiriza imikorere.
Abakozi bo muri sosiyete yinjije ibirenze abakozi ba sosiyete bafite uburyo bwo gucunga ibihano. Kubera iyo mpamvu, iryo shuri ry'ikigo cy'ubumenyi ryagaragaye ko ari inshuti mu bayobozi b'uruganda, aho igice cy'ubuyobozi cyakoraga ku buryo bwa kera. Ubukangurambaga "ku isi hose" abayobozi b'ubumwe bw'abakozi bwashyingura injeniyeri. Abasirikare ntibakunze ko umuyobozi atanga igitekerezo cyo gutanga amafaranga menshi y'abakozi bashinzwe imishinga.
Urupfu
Uwashinze icyitegererezo gishya cyubuyobozi bwibigo byapfuye ku ya 21 Werurwe 1915. Impamvu y'urupfu niyo gutwika ibihaha. Imva ya Frederica Taylor iherereye i Bala-stwida, muri Pennsylvania. Kubuzibumenyi hari inyandiko "se wubuyobozi bwa siyansi".Amagambo
- Ati: "Igikorwa cy'ingenzi mu gucunga inzoga kigomba kuba umuntu inyungu nyinshi kuri rwiyemezamirimo, afatanije n'imibereho myiza y'abantu bose bahuze mu kigo cy'umukozi."
- Ati: "Mu mezi make, twohereje umuyoboro ku murongo, kandi umubare w'amasaha y'akazi wahatiwe inzira zizwi kugeza ku masaha 10, 9.5.9 na 8.5 (mugihe ukomeje kubaho mu bikorwa). Kandi buri munsi wo kugabanuka ku munsi w'akazi, umusaruro wiyongereye, aho kugabanuka. "
- Ati: "Ugomba kandi kwibagirwa ko ku muyobozi w'ibiro bigomba kwihagararaho umuyobozi w'icyizere, uhamye kandi ukora cyane uzi kwihangana gutegereza kimwe."
- "Twese turi abana bakuru."
Bibliografiya
- 1903 - "Gucunga uruganda"
- 1911 - "Amahame yubuyobozi bwa siyansi"