Ubuzima
Alfred Marshall kuva mu bwana cyane kuri siyanse yahisemo gukora ubuzima. Yatanze umusanzu utagereranywa mu bukungu, ibimwemerera kuva mu mateka no kumenya icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'igihano kiri imbere.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Alfred Marshall yagaragaye ku ya 26 Nyakanga 1842 i Londres. Yarezwe mu muryango w'umukozi wa banki wari uw'idini kandi atandukanye imico ikomeye, hafi yibwe. Kubwibyo, umwana wa Alfred yakoraga umunyeshuri we kugeza bwije, kubera icyari gikomeye kandi kibabazwa no gukora cyane. Yamaze igihe gito afite urungano kandi yari akunda gukemura imirimo ya Chess.
Mu gutsimbarara kuri Data, umusore warangije amashuri y'abacuruzi ya Taylors. Ubwa mbere, Marshall yajugunye ku mibare, ariko kubera ikibazo cy'inararibonye cya psychologiya, cyahatiwe guhindura filozofiya, hanyuma ku myitwarire, bituma ishyaka ry'ubukungu.
Yakiriye buruse muri kaminuza ya Mutagatifu John John, aho mu 1868 yatangiye kwigisha. Muri kiriya gihe, umusore yanditse ingingo ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga maze ashakisha ubushakashatsi mu bukungu.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu 1877, umugabo yashakanye na Mariya Palei, wari umunyeshuri we muri Cambridge. Babanye n'urupfu rwa Marshall, ariko ntibabonye abana. Nta makuru yubumenyi yerekeye ibindi bisobanuro byubuzima bwihariye.Ibikorwa bya siyansi
Alfred yari mu bashinze Microeconomics. Imirimo yacyo ishingiye ku mahame yo mu nyigisho ya kera no gutangaza mu iterambere no kwagura ibitekerezo byubukungu hamwe n'imirimo ya John yizera Clark. Byongeye kandi, umuhanga yahagaze ku nkomoko y'ibitekerezo bya neosessical kandi yari ahagarariye ishuri rizwi cyane.
Mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi, Alfred yashakaga kuzamura imibereho y'abakozi, yabonaga uruhare rwo kwiga ku gaciro k'umushahara. Ibi byatumye anenga imirimo ya Karl Marx, wavuze ko ibintu by'amarushanwa bifite akamaro kuruta impamyabumenyi.
Igitabo cya mbere ni "inganda z'ubukungu", Marshall yateje hamwe n'umugore we. Yagerageje kwandika mu rurimi rworoshye, yumvikana kubantu benshi, kandi ashyira imibare iba mubyiciro kubanyamwuga.
Mbere gato y'ibyo, umugabo yavuye mu mwanya wa mwarimu muri kaminuza ya St. Ionna yimukira muri kaminuza ya Bristol, aho asoma ibiganiro byerekeye ubukungu n'ubukungu bwa politiki. Muri kiriya gihe, yakoraga kunoza "ubukungu bw'inganda", nyuma bwasohotse mu buryo bw'inyigisho.
Hanyuma Marshall atangira akazi ku "mahame y'ubumenyi bw'ubukungu", yatangaga imyaka 10 y'amaraso ye. Muri icyo gihe, umuhanga yashoboye kuba umwarimu i Oxford, hanyuma agaruka i Cambridge gufata umwanya wa Porofeseri w'ubukungu bwa politiki.
Akazi kasohotse mu 1890 karimo ibitekerezo byingenzi bya Alfred bikabigira ibyamamare bitagomba gusa mubwongereza gusa, ahubwo no mwisi. Ati: "Amahame y'ubumenyi y'ubukungu" yahinduwe mu ndimi nyinshi kandi asubirwamo kenshi, yongeye kwiyongera.
Igitekerezo cyingenzi cyicyerekezo cyumuhanga cyari uburyo bwo kuringaniza igice. Kugirango umenye ibintu bigira ingaruka kubisabwa nibitekerezo, umugabo yemeye gushakisha isoko yibyiza, yitondera ibiciro byumusaruro, igiciro cyibicuruzwa byiyongera nibicuruzwa byo gusimbuza, ubunini bwinjiza abaguzi nibyo bakeneye .
Ikindi cyagezweho cya Marshall cyabaye icyitegererezo, nacyo cyitwa umusaraba, cyangwa imikasi. Iri ni ishusho ishushanyije kubyo bisabwa ninteruro bihujwe nigihe cyisoko ryisoko ryisoko.
Afite imyaka, ubuzima bw'umuhanga bwatangiye gukomera, kandi yahatiwe kuva muri kaminuza akaguma mu rugo. Ariko Alfred yakomeje kwishora mu iterambere ry'ubukungu, kandi ubucuruzi n'ubucuruzi ", kimwe n '" amafaranga, inguzanyo n'ubucuruzi ", ariko ntabwo bikunzwe cyane.
Urupfu
Neocicessique izwi yapfuye ku ya 13 Nyakanga 1924 mu nzu yakaga muri Cambridge, icyateye urupfu cyacitse intege ubuzima. Imva ye iherereye ku irimbi rya paruwasi munsi yitorero ryo kuzamuka. Ndetse na nyuma y'urupfu, umugabo yagumye ari umuntu ukomeye mu bukungu kandi akavamo kwibuka mu mirimo mike ndetse n'amafoto y'umukara n'umweru.Bibliografiya
- 1879 - "Ubukungu bwinganda"
- 1879 - "IJAMBO RY'IMISORO RW'UBUCURUZI BW'AMAHANGA N'UBUYOBOZI BW'INGENGA Z'INGENZI"
- 1890 - "Amahame yubumenyi bwubukungu"
- 1919 - "Inganda n'ubucuruzi"
- 1922 - "Amafaranga, inguzanyo n'ubucuruzi"