Ubuzima
Mu myaka ya mbere, abantu ba Martin Seligman biography bagombaga guhangana n'imyumvire idashoboka, aho ejo hazaza yagennye icyerekezo cy'ubushakashatsi bwe. Yamenyekanye nk'ubuzima bwiza bwa psychologiya kandi umwanditsi w'ibitabo kugira ngo atsinde uburambe bubi no kugera ku byishimo nyabyo.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Martin Elas Pete Seligman yavutse ku ya 12 Kanama 1942 mu mujyi wa Amerika wa Albany. Yakuriye mu muryango w'umunyamategeko hamwe na mukuru wanjye Beth. Martin kuva mu bwana yari afite ubwenge kandi byoroshye kumenya ko terriculum y'ishuri, bityo ababyeyi bahisemo kohereza mu ishuri ryigenga kubahungu.
Igihe Seligman yari umwangavu, se yari afite inkoni, kandi ibintu byumubiri byifashe nabi cyane. Umusore yagombaga kubona akazi ko kwishyura amafaranga. Kubera imico ye yibanga, Martin ntabwo yari akora cyane kandi afite inshuti nke. Ariko na nyuma yitegereza abantu kandi yiga kubateganyirije, byagize uruhare mu guhitamo umwuga.
Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi mu ishuri, umusore yinjiye muri kaminuza ya Princeton, aho yize filozofiya. Ariko igihe impamyabumenyi ya bachelor yari mu maboko, yagombaga guhitamo bigoye - gukomeza kwiga ku bushakashatsi bwa filozofiya muri Oxford cyangwa gukora muri psychologiya igerageza muri kaminuza ya Pennsylvania. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Selidman yafashe icyemezo cyo gushyigikira uwanyuma.
Nyuma yaje kuba umwarimu wungirije muri kaminuza ya Cornell, ahubwo yasubiye muri politiki idahwitse, yagarutse muri Pennsylvania, aho yahise afata umwanya wa Porofeseri.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Kera, umugabo yashakanye na Kerry Muller, wamuhaye abaragwa babiri. Nyuma yo gutandukana mu 1978, umuhanga mu by'imitekerereze ntiyashoboraga guteza imbere ubuzima bwe, ariko amaherezo yatangiye guhura na Mandy McCarth ye. Nubwo itandukaniro mumyaka 17, bagize ubukwe barera abandi bana batanu.Ibikorwa bya siyansi
Muri kaminuza ya Pennsylvania, umusore yahuye na mbere ibintu byahindutse ishingiro ry'agateganyo bwo kwigira atishoboye. Mubushakashatsi ku mbwa, byakozwe kugirango bemeze ibitekerezo bya Ivan Pavlov, inyamaswa zari zifungiye mu tugari kandi zihuye n'utugari kandi zahuye nacyo icyarimwe hamwe na Beep.
Abahanga mu bya siyansi bafashe ko urusaku rujyana n'imbwa bafite ububabare, gutera ubwoba no kwifuza guhunga. Ariko iyo selile zavumbuwe, inyamaswa zari ziryamye hasi kandi zirambiwe. Amateraniro amaze kurangiza nyuma, abamenyekana ku bushakashatsi ntibategeka uko ibintu bimeze, kandi ntibagerageje kugira icyo babikoraho.
Nyuma yo kwakira impamyabumenyi ya Sectoral Seligman yahisemo kugerageza kwisuzumisha. Hamwe na mugenzi wawe Steve Mayer, yateguye igeragezwa aho amatsinda atatu yimbwa yitabiriye. Iya mbere (a) irashobora kugenzura ingaruka zigezweho mugihe cyibimenyetso byumvikana, icya kabiri (b) - Oya, naho icya gatatu (C) cyabaye ubugenzuzi.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, igihe inyamaswa zasohokaga ahantu hafunguye, aho bagombaga gutsinda inzitizi nto kandi bakaguha ubwato, bagahabwa Beep, kugira ngo bahunge mu byiciro A na C, no kuva mu bisigaye kubeshya, nubwo badusinye gukubita.
Ubuvumbuzi bw'umuhanga bwabaye impinduramatwara muri psychologiya, kubera ko yavuguruje amaposita ya bihejism. Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, ubushakashatsi bwasubiwemo inshuro nyinshi hamwe nabantu ninyamaswa, ariko umwanzuro wari umwe: niba ubushakashatsi bwasobanukiwe ko badashobora kugenzura uko ibintu bimeze, mubisanzwe bireka kugerageza kubihindura. Nk'uko Seligman abitangaza ngo uko ibintu bigaragara byo gutabara bikunze guterwa no kwiheba na neurose.
Inyungu zitandukanye kubashakashatsi zari igerageza, ndetse no mubihe nkibi, bisa nkaho bidashoboka kandi byongeye gushaka icyemezo. Imyitwarire yabo yahindutse imbaraga zo guteza imbere imitekerereze myiza ya psychologiya nziza, ishakisha ibyiringiro hamwe nubunararibonye bwumuntu.
Ijambo rya Martin Nyuma yo gutora nk'umuyobozi w'ishyirahamwe ry'imitekerereze y'Abanyamerika ryatunze umuryango wa siyansi, kuko uhereye igihe habaye ibintu bya psychologiya byakoreshejwe mu kumenya no kuvura patologies. Umuhanga yatanze igitekerezo cyo kwiga ibintu bitesha agaciro bizafasha kwirinda kugaragara kw'ibi biteye no guhindura ubuzima umuntu muzima.
Mu 2002, yerekanye icyitegererezo cy'ibyishimo nyabyo. Byari bigizwe nibice bitatu: uburambe bwamarangamutima meza, uruhare hamwe no kubaho. Nyuma, gahunda yunganirwa nibice byubusabane nibikorwa byagezweho kandi yakiriye izina rya Perm.
Ibitekerezo nyamukuru bya psychology nziza Seligman yagaragaye mubitabo byinshi. Yuzuza Bibliografiya kuri "Nigute twize ibyiringiro", "ibyiringiro by'umwana" na "mu nzira igana iterambere". Imirimo myinshi yabaye benshi kandi yahinduwe mu ndimi nyinshi.
Ibitekerezo by'umushakashatsi bukurura abo mu by'imitekerereze ya psychololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololologs nkuko Albert Bambura, Mihai Chiixentchei na Yonatani Hyidt. Hamwe na Christopher Peterson, yaremye ibyiciro byingenzi byumuntu ugabanyijemo amatsinda 6. Nyuma yaho, shingiro, ikibazo cy'ikizamini gishingiye ku bushakashatsi, kigaragaza uburyo bwiza bwo gutanga ikiruhuko no kugera ku byishimo. Ikoreshwa cyane muri psychotherapy.
Martin Seligman ubu
Muri 2020, umuhanga akomeje kwishora muri psychologiya, nubwo ubu ntaragaragara cyane kumugaragaro, atanga ibiganiro nifoto yifoto.Amagambo
- "Kwinginze birashobora kwigishwa kuba umuntu ufite icyizere."
- "Ishingiro ryo kwiheba ntirishoboye."
- Ati: "Ubuzima bw'umubiri burahanganira kuyobora kubyumva kuruta uko bifatwa."
- Ati: "Amakuru arahari yerekana ko abafite intego babaho kuruta abari bestesi."
- "Ishusho yo gutekereza ntabwo aricyo twahawe rimwe n'iteka ryose. Nkuko tuzi kuri psychologiya, umuntu arashobora guhitamo ingamba zo gutekereza. "
Bibliografiya
- 1975 - "UBUTAKA"
- 1982 - "Psychologiya yo Gutandukana"
- 1991 - "Ibyiringiro bishobora kwigishwa"
- 1994 - "ICYO USHOBORA GUHINDUKA n'icyo udashobora"
- 1995 - "UMWANA UKUNTU"
- 2002 - "Ibyishimo Byukuri"