Ubuzima
Marina Svalova, umuderevu wa mbere-ukora muri Ussr, ni umwe mubantu babarirwa mu bihumbi magana bafite ubuzima bw'intwari bavumbuye intambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu. Yerekeje kurwanywa mu kirere kuri Reich ya gatatu - mbikesheje kumenyera ku giti cye na Joseph Stalin, natanze uruhushya rwo gukora indege y'abagore. Kubwitwari nubutwari butagira umupaka, umupfumu nijoro yahaye izina ryintwari y'Abasoviyeti, kandi yitwa amateka ye mu mateka.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Marina Malinina (RUBLOVA - Amazina yabashakanye) yavutse ku ya 28 Werurwe 1912 i Moscou, umurwa mukuru wa USSR. Umuyobozi wumuryango Mikhail Dmitrievich yinjije ubuzima bwo guhanga - yakoreye muri Opera kandi yigisha abandi kuririmba. Imwe mu mwanganyi yari umukobwa we wenyine, uturutse muri kamere yari afite ijwi ryiza.
Ninde uzi uburyo ubuzima bwa Marina bwatangiraga niba Mikhail Malinin yazanye igitekerezo cye kugeza imperuka kandi yari kubaririmbyi opera. Ariko abo bagabo ntibari mu Kwakira 1919: yarashwe moto kugeza apfuye.
Kwita ku bana, Marina Malinina na mukuru we Roma (1908), aryamye ku bitugu bya nyina - umwarimu Anna Spriridovovna (mu mukobwa wa Lybatovich). Umushahara uhagije kugirango umenye ubuzima bwiza, nuko abasore bagombaga kujya kukazi hakiri kare.
Kuva ku myaka 17 Marina yakoraga ku gihingwa cy'imiti ya Butyrsky. Hano yahuye na injeniyeri ushimishije Sergey Raskovov, ashaka koroshya kwizera k'umuryango we, yashakanye.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Sergey Ivanovich Rudov yabaye umugabo wa Marina Malinina muri Mata 1929. Bahise bamenya ubuzima bwite kandi bahinduka ababyeyi b'umukobwa wumuhondo Tatiana. Umwana uhuriweho ntiyanga umugore w'icyemezo gikomeye - mu Kwakira 1935 yasabye ubutane.
Umubano uhanitse waciwe vuba kandi bidatinze. Nta kibazo kijyanye no kwigisha umukobwa, kuko icyo gihe Marina Skalov yeguriwe ku ndege. Icyakora, yakomeje gusura Tatiana. Amoko afunguye hari amafoto yabo ahuriweho kuva 1938.
Nyuma yaho, umukobwa wagabanutse yamenyekanye ku izina ry'uwo bashakanye ari Tatyana Golenko.
Serivisi itukura
Mu 1932, nyuma y'urugendo rwo kubyara, Marina yabonye laboratoire muri laboratoire yo mu kirere z'ishuri ry'ingabo zirwanira mu kirere. N. E. Zhukovsky. Nibwo yahuye n'ishyaka rye nyamukuru - indege. Gusenyuka byafashe umwuka urwaye "inyoni z'icyuma", yashakaga kubategeka kandi yirengagiza vuba mu kirere kitagira iherezo.Marina, biganisha ku gutsinda ikirere, binjiye mu mahugurwa yandizwa mu kigo cya Leningrad cy'abashakashatsi bo mu kirere. Kandi mu 1934, yabaye Sawuli Navigato, maze mu 1935 kumasomo yinyongera - n'umuderevu.
Abakinnyi 1930 muri USSR baranzwe no kumera indege. Abantu bose bakurikiwe nibyagezweho na valery Chralov, Alexander Anisimov, Mikhail Gromova. Marina Svalova, Valentina Grisodubova na Polina Osipanko bahinduka igitsina cyabo. Ni bo mu 1938 ari bo mu kimonyo cy'indege - 37 "Umurusiya" yashyizeho amateka y'isi yose. Abakozi "Dame" mu masaha 26 baratsinze Km 6.450 hagati ya Moscou no mu burasirazuba butageze kure nta kwihererana no kuri lisansi.
Kubwitwari no kwihangana, byerekanwe mu ndege, ibigize "umubyara" byahawe umutwe w'intwari z'Abasoviyeti. Iya mbere yubashywe na Valentina Grisobov nkumuyobozi w'ikimonyo. Igikonoshwa cyabaye icya kabiri mu mateka ya Ussr, umugore wahawe umudari "inyenyeri ya zahabu". Ku muhengeri wo gukundwa, yashyize ahagaragara autobiography "Reba Navigorman" (1939).
Kuri serivisi mu ngabo zitukura, Marina yaje mu musako 1938. Muri icyo gihe, yari umukozi wa NKVD. Mu ntangiriro y'intambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu, yagezeho na Lieutenant mukuru.
Igihe Hitlerian Ubudage, nta matangazo n'intambara, yibasiye USSR, ubwunganizi bwose bw'abasenga bwarahagurutse. Marina Svalova yifashishije imiyoboro y'itumanaho bwite hamwe na Joseph Stalin kugira ngo ategure imyenda ya Yak-1, Lidia Liquarrad yakoreye - Lidiya Litvak, Pe - 2 na PO-2. Igice cya nyuma kinyuranye cyiswe "Abapfumu b'ijoro", kuva hano hamwe nizina rya pilote-navigator.
Nyuma yigihe gito nyuma yintambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu, Svalois yakoraga ibibazo byubuyobozi. Kurugero, Intome ya Pe-2, we ubwe yerekeza. Mugihe cyo gushiraho rutahizamu wa Air numero 34 yanditswe na Su-2. Ibiganiro na Komiseri w'abaturage w'inganda z'indege, Alexei Shahurin, yatumye bishoboka kubisimbuza 20 nyagasani mushya.
Ntibyari byoroshye kumenya imashini, ahubwo ntibyari muri New 1943, dosiye yo mu kirere ya Pe-2 yari yiteguye kuguruka ngo isuzugure.
Mu ndege mu mpera z'Ukuboza 1942, "Abapfumu" mu maso ya Rubin na Lomananova ntibitabira. Indege zabo zari zifite amakosa. Marina ntabwo yaretse abakobwa be ibibazo - yamaze squadron nkuru yo Guhagarara asubira i Moscou. Hari ku ya 4 Mutarama 1943.
Urupfu
Kubera umuyaga mwinshi na Purgi, indege zisigaye zishingiye kuri Pe-2 zuzuye mu kirere gusangira ku ya 4 Mutarama 1943, nubwo ibyoherejwe byateganijwe mu museke. Mu nzira, abakozi birutse mu gicu cyijimye. Abadafite ubwoba Marina Svaloova yahaye ikipe kugirango inzira ye ijye imbere kandi iyambere yavuye mu bwenge.
Abasibin na Lomanov hamwe n'abakozi bageze mu mutekano ahantu ho kuringaniza, ariko umugaba w'indege Pe-2 ntiyabonetse ahantu hose.
Ku ya 7 Mutarama 1943, Bomber ya Rubilov yasanze kure y'umudugudu wa Mikhailovka wo mu karere ka Saratov. Hamwe na we, Kirill Hil, Radist Nikolai Erofeev na Engineer Vladimir Kruglv. Ubu hari ibuye ry'Urwibutso ku mwanya w'abakozi.
Ijoro ry'umwijima ryari ikimenyetso cy'indege z'abagore muri SSSR, bityo umushinjacyaha mukuru w'ingabo wafashe iperereza ku rupfu rwe. Komisiyo y'impuguke yasanze igitero cy'impuguke cya Marina Rubalo yari amasaha 60 gusa - amasaha 30 mu ishuri ry'indege ndetse no mu rugamba rwa Pe - 2. Muyandi magambo, ntabwo yari afite ubumenyi bwibanze bihagije bwo guhangana nikirere.
Dukurikije amabwiriza y'ingabo zirwanira mu kirere, hagaragaraho kugaragara, indege igomba guhinduka hanyuma igasubira mu shingiro, niba lisansi ihagije. Niba atari byo - jya kuri "inda" mbere yo kuzamura ikirere. Marina yihutiye, yamaganwa afunze. Rubin na Lomananova cyangwa amahirwe, cyangwa baje kuba abaderevu.
Nubwo yagenzuye bikomeye, afite agaciro, yashyinguwe hamwe n'icyubahiro cyose. Umukungugu uba muri Necropolis kurukuta rwa Kremlin kuri Square ya Red muri Moscou.
Kwibuka
- Ishuri rya Saratov No 93 ryitiriwe MM Oblova
- Inzibutso za Marina rublova muri Engels, Oblovo
- Urufatiro rw'irwibutso mu mudugudu Oblovovo
- Umuhanda, Alleys na Marina Raskoy Square mumijyi myinshi yabahoze ari USSR
- Umudugudu wa Raskovo mu karere ka Saratov wo mu karere ka Saratov no mu karere ka Sushansky wo mu karere ka Magadan
- Ishuri rikuru rya Gisirikare rya Gisirikare rya Gisirikare ryabadelishi witwa Marina Raskoy
- Abazamu 125 Borisov Tegeka Suvorov na Kutuzov gutoranya no gukubita ikirere
- Steamer "Marina Svalova"
- Indege yo guhugura Navigator Navigator na Bor-Line Bomber Aimber "Marina Svalova" Andika Tu-134sh
Ibihembo
- Badge "Whwash'Umuyobozi wa NKVD"
- Umudari "Inyenyeri ya Zahabu"
- Ibicuruzwa bibiri bya Lenin
- Gahunda yintambara yo gukunda igihugu kurwego rwa 1