Ubuzima
Antoine Laurent Laurerier ni umuhanga w'Ubufaransa, Aductist, washinze chimie igezweho. Birazwi ko uruhare rwayo kuri biologiya nibidukikije, iterambere ryinyigisho zishyize mu gaciro ryubushobozi bwa ogisijeni bwo gutekereza. Umushakashatsi yateje imbere uburyo bwa laboratoire kandi akora gahunda ya terminolojiya itarakoreshwa. Ubuzima bwe numwuga kandi uyumunsi ni inyungu z'abayoboke.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Antoine Lavoisier yavutse ku ya 26 Kanama 1743 i Paris, mu Bufaransa. Data Jean-Antoine Lavauer yafashe umunyamategeko mu Nteko ya Paris. Nyina wa Emily puntis, umurage ukize wa nyir'icaga, yapfuye hakiri kare, amaze kuburira umwuka muto.
Kuva ku ya 11 kugeza 18, yize muri kaminuza ya Mazarin muri kaminuza ya Paris. Ibi byigishijwe ibintu byuburezi rusange, kandi mumyaka 2 ishize - siyanse karemano. Umuhungu kuva akiri muto yari ashishikajwe na kamere, akenshi yakoraga indogobe ya Barometric na Meteorologiya. Muri iryo shuri rirangiye, pasi yamwemeje ko ubushakashatsi bwakundaga kwishimisha, kandi ubuzima ukeneye kugira umwuga ukomeye.
Umusore yinjiye mu ishami ry'amategeko na nyuma yimyaka 2 yari afite impamyabumenyi. Umwaka umwe, yakiriye uburenganzira bwo gufungura amategeko, ariko ahitamo akazi mu Nteko ya Paris.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu 1771, Antoine yashakanye Marie-Ann Pierrettt Inyungu, umukobwa wa mugenzi we w'imyaka 13 wa mugenzi we Jacques. Birazwi ko ubuzima bwihariye bwabashakanye bwateguye se wumukobwa, butanga ubukwe bwihariye kugirango twirinde ubumwe bwumukobwa hamwe nabasaza D'Amameval d'Amasval.Kubwamahirwe, abashakanye bahise bahuriraho. Nk'impano y'ubukwe, bakiriye laboratoire ya siyansi hejuru mu rugo i Paris. Bakundaga imikino n'ibiganiro kuri astronomie, chimie na geologiya. Umugabo yigishije umugore we ubwenge bwubwenge bwa laboratoire, kandi yiga amashusho kugirango yerekane umurimo we. Nyuma yigihe, umugore yabaye umufasha, inshuti numufatanyabikorwa kubashakashatsi.
Yahinduye igitabo cy'uwo mwashakanye, yakoresheje inzandiko z'Abanyamitizi b'Icyongereza, bakoze urucacagu rw'ibyandikishijwe intoki n'imibare y'ibikoresho bya laboratoire ikoreshwa n'umuhanga ubwe n'inshuti ze. Marie-Ann yayoboraga Salon ntoya siyansi, aho abashakashatsi bashoboraga gukora ubushakashatsi no kuganira ku bitekerezo. Yandikirana kandi n'abasore b'Abafaransa, bishimye, basubije imitekerereze ye.
Nta bana bakomokaga mu muryango, kandi bene wabo benshi babaye abaragwa.
Ibikorwa bya siyansi
Antoine yakiriye amashuri, Antoine ntiyibagiwe ku nyungu ze muri siyansi karemano. Usibye ibiganiro, yasuye amasomo atabishaka.
Nyuma yo guhabwa no kwiga mu 1764, umusore yakomeje kuba ubushakashatsi, ibisubizo byacyo cyari igitabo cyabereye muri chimie n'ubutumire bwo gukorana na geologue muri alsace shorraine. Mu mushakashatsi wa 1768 yakiriye icyifuzo cyo kwinjira mu ishuri ry'Abafaransa.
Gukora ku ikarita ya Geologiya w'Ubufaransa, Abaganga bakomeje gukora ubushakashatsi, barekura akazi ku nkomoko y'ibintu by'imiti. Ubuso bwa Antoine bwari bugereranije na barometero, ubushakashatsi hamwe namashanyarazi nubushakashatsi bwo gutwika ibikoresho.
Impuguke yakomeje gukora mu mwuga - yabaye umusoresha mu kigo cyigenga. Muri kariya gace, yateguye uburyo bushya bw'ingamba zigamije gukoresha ibipimo ngenderwaho mu Bufaransa. Ariko ntiwumve, izina rya siyanse ryazanye ubumenyi mu by'amategeko, ariko ibintu byinshi muri chimie.
Mu 1775, Lavoisier yakoraga mu ishami ry'umwami ibisasu, aho ubushakashatsi bwarwo bwateje imbere ifu no guhanga uburyo bushya bwo kubyaza umusaruro wa Selitra.
Mu 1778, abashakanye baguze imitungo myinshi aho antoine yajyanywe mubyababayeho. Yasuye ibihugu bye inshuro 3 mu mwaka, aherekejwe n'umugore kandi ntiyicuza udushya. Mu bice, Umuganga yagerageje gukoresha imirimo ya Dumel du monscial mu myitozo kandi yashoboye kugera ku iterambere rya terrain.
Ibyingenzi byagezweho muri chemiste bireba imiterere yo gutwika no gutwika. Berekanye ko ogisijeni igira uruhare runini muri gahunda zombi, itezuka mu guhumeka inyamaswa n'ibimera, kandi binagira uruhare mu gufatanya kw'ibyuma. Umuhanga yari umwe mu bashakashatsi batatu ku kiryo, kuri we, Karl Shelele na Yozefu bari bazwi muri kariya gace.
Lavoisier yateguye amatora manini yo mu nyigisho za ogisijeni yo gutwika, yamenyesheje "ogisijeni" ubwabo nk'igice cy'umwuka kandi kikamenya ibintu bishinzwe ibihimbano by'amazi. Ubushakashatsi bwe bufite fosifore na sufuru byari bumwe mu bushakashatsi bwa mbere bushobora gusobanurwa nk'ubushakashatsi bukabije. Babaye nk'urufatiro rwo gushyiraho itegeko ryo kubungabunga misa.
Umushakashatsi ntabwo yari uwambere wiga muri kano karere. Ku myaka 41 imbere ye, Mikhail Lomontov yaje mu myanzuro imwe, ariko umuhanga mu Burusiya yaba yarabashyizeho uburyo bwiza. Uyu munsi, igitekerezo cy'uko chimiste bombi bateye imbere bitwa amategeko ya Lomontosov - Lavoisier.
Ku bufatanye n'umuhanga mu Bufaransa Claude Louis Bertol Antoine yakoze impisi y'imiti (Méthode de Nomenclavelution ya Chimique (Méthode de Nomenclavelut, 1787). Amagambo yayo ahanini akoreshwa cyane kugeza ubu, harimo amagambo nka acide sulfuric cyangwa sulfate.
Mu 1786, umuhanga washyizemo igitekerezo cya Calorie, ukurikiza ibitekerezo bibiri - ubushyuhe bwuzuye bwisi buri giheje, kandi ubushyuhe buhari mubibazo nigikorwa cyibintu nubuzima bwacyo. Hamwe na mugenzi wawe Pierre Simre Simon De Laplas, yerekanye ko mugihe ibiryo ari okiside, ubushyuhe bugaragara, bushobora gupimwa na calorimeter. Ibi byagaragaye kugeza na nubu bifatwa nkibyingenzi byimirire.
Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ibitekerezo byawe, mu 1789 Umuhanga yasohoye téité élémentaire de chimie igitabo cya mbere ("icyambere cya chimie bwa mbere"), aho yashyize urutonde rwibitabo 23 byoroshye. Byongeye kandi, umushakashatsi yahinduye ikinyamakuru Annale de Chimie de Chimie cyaremwe hamwe na bagenzi be ("Annls"), bitanga raporo raporo ku byatsi muri chimie nshya.
Urupfu
Impamvu y'urupfu rw'Abasamariya ni ibitekerezo bye bya politiki. Lavoisier yizeraga ko akeneye kuvugurura imibereho. Yabaye mu baturage bavugurura imisoro n'ingamba nshya zubukungu. Mu mpinduramatwara y'Abafaransa, umuhanga wasohoye raporo ku bijyanye n'imari y'igihugu.
Nyuma yaho gato, impinduramatwara mumwita umuhemu wo gukusanya imisoro. Nk'uko ibirego byahimbwe, Umuhanzi chemiste yashinjwaga kunyereza amafaranga mu bubiko bw'Ubufaransa no kwimura mu mahanga.
Ku bibazo bya politiki n'ubukungu by'umushakashatsi bwakatiwe urwo gupfa. Mu rukiko, yasabye uruhushya rwo kubanza gukora ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi, ariko bwanga kubanga. Antoine Lavoisier Guiside yabereye i Paris ku ya 8 Gicurasi 1794. Kubera iyo mpamvu, se wumugore we nandi 26 cyane baricwa.
Mu mpera za 1795, Guverinoma y'Ubufaransa yamenyesheje Umuhanga Innocent. Ati: "Data" w'ibikoresho bigezweho yashyinguwe mu irimbi ryakozwe.