Ubuzima
Umugenzi w'Uburusiya na Ernographe nikolai Miklukho-Maclay yakoraga ubucuruzi bwe bushimishije mu kinyejana cya 19, ubwo yagendaga ku butaka n'amazi ari ikibazo cyo guteza ibibazo kandi akenshi atabiteganijwe. Nibyo, n'uturere dusaba ubushakashatsi, abahanga batoye icyo kugera - nize abatuye muri Ositaraliya, Oseania na Gineya Nshya, kandi ibyo yavumbuwe ntabwo byari binaniwe n'ibisobanuro bya demokarasi. Miklukho-Maclay yasabwega n'ibibazo by'imyitwarire n'ibitekerezo kandi agerageza kurengera uburenganzira bw'abasangwabutaka bo mu birwa bya kure.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
umugenzi yari yavutse ku ya 5 Nyakanga, 1846 mu ntara Novgorod, ariko nyuma ukwezi nyuma umuryango hamwe uruhinja yimukiye St. Petersburg, aho se Nikolai Ilyich yahawe umubonano Ishami moshi. Kubera akazi k'umutware w'umuryango, Miklukhi yari agikomeje kenshi, n'umugore we Ekaterina semenovna becker, Hagati aho, yibaruka abana. Kolya yari afite abavandimwe na bashiki bacu batatu.
Ababyeyi b'umuhanga bari abanyacyubahiro, kandi biragoye kuvuga ku bwenegihugu: bari bafite imizi y'Abarusiya, Ikidage n'umudage. Nubwo se yakoraga cyane kandi ko yatesha agaciro ubuzima, igituntu kirwaye muri serivisi, imimerere y'umuryango yari igoye. Ikibazo cyateye imbere nyuma y'urupfu rwa Nikolai IlyIch mu 1857, igihe umupfakazi we n'abaragwa basigaye nta pansiya no kuzigama. Mama yagerageje kubona amafaranga akoresheje ibishushanyo, kandi kuzigama bito byinjijwe mububiko.
Uburezi bwambere bwabana bwakoraga nabigisha nubutegetsi buzaza, bashimira Miklokhi yagurishijwe n'Ubudage n'Abafaransa. Nkigisubizo, kuri aya masomo gusa muri gymnasium Nikolai yari afite ibigereranyo byiza, kubandi bose yakiriye bitatu byiza. Amasomo umuhungu yarabuze ndetse akomeza kugenda inshuro ebyiri mumwaka wa kabiri, impamvu hari ibibazo bifitanye isano nubuzima n'ishyaka ryumusore hanze. Kurugero, imyigaragambyo kumugaragaro yo kwitabira yafungiye afite imyaka 15.
Nikolai ntiyigeze arangiza siporo maze ahitamo kuri kaminuza yo muri kaminuza ya St. Petersburg, aho atadindiga kubera uruhare mu mitego y'abanyeshuri. Ibyo byatumye, Miklukha ibumoso Budage, aho yize mu Philosophy wa Kaminuza ya University Heidelberg, hanyuma mu Leipzig na Ian Kaminuza, aho yatangiye kwiga imiti, bw'ikirere n'ubuhinzi.
Amafaranga ntiyari ahagije yo kwishyura amazu n'inyigisho, ariko, umusore yamenyereye ishyaka kandi yihanganira ishyaka kandi yihanganira ishyaka kandi kwihangana, abikesheje ko umuyobozi wa siyansi wa Ernstric wabonetse. Kujya mu rugendo rwa Canary, yatumiye umunyeshuri ufite impano. Uru ni rwo rugendo rwa mbere rw'ubushakashatsi rwa Miklukhi, aho yafashaga umutwe mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe na Fauna ya Atlantike kandi muri icyo gikorwa ndetse yagize uruhare muri biolontika kandi muri icyo gikorwa ndetse akanagira uruhare muri biologiya, ndetse no mu binyabuzima ndetse no mu gufungura ubwoko bushya bwa sponge ya hekestone.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Nikolay yamye ashishikajwe no gukora ibitsina mu mibonano mpuzabitsina n'imibanire y'urukundo byatangiye, igihe yari umunyeshuri mu Budage. Ariko, impinduka zikomeye mubuzima bwite zagaragaye muri Ositaraliya, aho yahuriye numukobwa wa Guverineri wa New Mart Wales Margaret Roberts Clarks. Ababyeyi b'umugeni ntibishimiye guhitamo umukobwa we: umukwe watandukanijwe n'ubuzima budakomeye, uburakari butagira uburakari, ntabwo yari afite igihugu, kandi yari afite igihugu, kandi yari afite igihugu, kandi cyari gigamije gukuraho umukobwa mu Burusiya bwa kure.
Ariko, nubwo mugihe cyo kongera gushyingirwa, yatakaje ubukode bukomeye, yakiriye kubushake bwo kumugabo wa mbere, yemeye kwishora mu mugabo wa mbere, yemeye kwishora mu mugabane w'Uburusiya, maze ubukwe bwabereye ku ya 27 Gashyantare 1884.
Itandukaniro mu idini naryo ryatigeze ribangamira umwanzuro w'Ubumwe, aho abahungu babiri bavutse, Alegizandere na Vladimir. Ishami rya Australiya ryabakomoka kuri Ernographe, Sekuru nubukuru bwaho butuye i Sydney, Melbourne na kanseri.
Igihe umurimo w'ubushakashatsi nikolai Nikolayevich muri New Wales, yajyanywe mu Burusiya, ariko, indwara zamuwe mu buzima bwe, umugore we yahise abaye umupfakazi. Margaret Miklukho-Maclay ntiyashakaga kuguma mu gihugu nta muntu utazi kandi mu mpera za 1888 asubiye muri Ositaraliya, amaze kubyumva mbere n'ububiko n'umurage y'umugabo we. Umwami w'abami Alexander wa III yishyuye umugore urugendo rutandukanye kandi rufite pansiyo ye ubuzima bwe bwose mubwinshi.
Ubumenyi n'Imyitozo
Urugendo rurerure rwa mbere rwahimbye Miklukho-Maclay rwatangiye mu 1870, ageze mu bwato bwa Virsazi hamwe no gutembera muri Gineya Nshya. Amaze kubaga ku kirwa, umunyacyubahiro yiganye ubuzima bwa buri munsi, imyitwarire n'imigenzo ya Papuans, washoboye gutsinda icyubahiro n'icyizere.Ntabwo yasobanuye gusa ibisobanuro birambuye kuri Melaneziya gusa, ahubwo yazujije ikibazo cy'abantu, ahamya ko abatuye mu birwa bya kure ari abahagarariye ubumuntu, kandi ntabwo bahagarariye inkenga zuzuye, kandi ntabwo ari urwego rwinzibacyuho munzira igana muri Topi. Umukozi wumucakara yasaga nkaho ari umuhanga utemewe.
Ubushakashatsi bwa Anthroproplogique na ethnolai NikoLevich yakomeje muri Filipine, mu bihugu bya Oceani na Indoneziya, ariko yagarutse inshuro nyinshi muri Gineya Nshya. Muri Ositaraliya, umuhanga yishora mu kubaka Sitasiyo ya kayogi, yize inyamaswa y'inyamaswa zo mu mugabane. Kubera iyo mpamvu, mu bihugu bidasanzwe bidasanzwe, Umugenzi w'Uburusiya yamaze igihe kirenze mu gihugu cye.
Urupfu
Kubuzima bwe bugufi, MikLuko-MacLary nta burwayi bumwe bukomeye, harimo gutwika ibihaha, Purnisy, Nealygia, Rheumatism na Malariya na malariya na malariya na malariya na malariya na malariya na malariya na malariya na malariya na malariya na malariya na malariya na malariya na malariya. Ibitero byanyuma byamukurikiraga bivuye mu busore kugeza iminsi irangiye. Kugeza 40, Nikolai NikoLavich yacitse intege cyane, yatakaye kandi arababara cyane. Yagerageje gukora, ariko, mu ntangiriro za 1888 atagishoboye gukora nta morphine.
Urupfu rw'umugenzi rwabanjirijwe n'umubabaro: Bronchis na PNEOnonia byongewemo kudasinzira, Edema, kuruka no kuvumbura na sisitemu ya musculoskeletal. Ku ya 2 Mata, umuhanga ntiyabikoze. Impamvu y'urupfu yashinzwe mu kinyejana cya 20 gusa: Igihe inzu ndangamurage ya antropologiya no ku moko yimuriwe mu nzu ndangamurage n'amoko mu 1938, yakoze ikizamini cyasanze kanseri mu rwasaya.
Ubwenge bwashyinguwe ku irimbi risanzwe ry'irimbi rya Volkovsky rya St. Petersburg. Yakomeje kuba mu mateka nk'akagari mugari, icyarimwe, mu gihe kimwe, ibinyabuzima, antrolepologiya, geologiya, geologiya, inyanja hamwe n'ibindi bikoresho bifitanye isano na siyansi. Ifoto yumushakashatsi irimbisha inkuta z'ibiro by'ishuri, kandi biografiya yatangije ibitabo na firime.
Kwibuka
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