Ubuzima
Vusily Shukshin yavukiye mu mudugudu wa Surek, akarere ka biysky yo mu karere ka Altayi. Gusiga umuryango woroheje wibirenge byigitsina gole cyangwa "Abahinzi bo mu buryo bwo hagati", babuze se kare: mu gihe cyo gukusanya no gukandamizwa no gukandamizwa. Impungenge zose zerekeye umuryango zafashe mama. Hasohotse ku nshuro ya kabiri, akomeza kurera abana hamwe n'uwo bashakanye. Mu bihe biri imbere, Shurkshin Vosily azaba afite ubushyuhe bwo kwibuka sopar nk'umuntu ufite ineza ikomeye.
Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi muri barindwi mu mudugudu kavukire, Vesily Shukshin yimuka kuri biysk aturanye kugirango akomeze kwiga mumashuri ya tekinike ya Automotive. Amaze kwiga imyaka ibiri nigice, ariko atarabonye impamyabumenyi, Umuyobozi ukomeye uzaza ahatizwa kureka kwiga, agaruka murugo atangira gukora kugirango ashobore gukomeza umuryango.
Mu gihe gito, yakoraga mu murima rusange w'Umudugudu kavukire, ahindura cyane igisekuru cy'ibikorwa kandi anyurwa na Mechanic. Kuva mu ntangiriro zakazi mu 1946 no kugeza igihe umuhamagaro we mu mazi mu 1949, umukanishi waba umusore Shukshin yashoboye gukora imigi n'inzego nyinshi.
Hari mu gihe cy'ingabo mu rwego rw'amafi yinyanja yirabura Vukshin yabanje gushimishwa no guhanga ubuvanganzo. Mu masaha y'imyidagaduro, yandika inkuru ze ya mbere ayisomera abo mukorana. Ariko ntiyagombaga guhagarara kugeza imperuka - ku nshuro ya mbere bagize ingaruka ku bimenyetso by'igifu. Icyo gitero cyari kiremereye ku buryo Komisiyo y'Ubuvuzi yamenye ko ari serivisi idakwiye kumunsi umwe.
Amaze gusubira mu rugo, Shukshin Vhukshin yatsinze ibizamini by'ishuri ryo hanze by'amashuri yisumbuye atangira gukora nk'umwarimu w'ururimi rw'ikirusiya. Nyuma yaho, yatumiwe ku mwanya w'umuyobozi w'ishuri ry'urubyiruko rw'umurimo mu mudugudu we kavukire wo kwandura. Ariko, ukurikije abivuga wenyine, yari umwarimu "Nevaznesky". Kwigisha ntabwo byamuhisemo ari ikibazo cyubuzima. Umuyobozi w'ejo hazaza yumvise icyifuzo kinini cyo gutsinda umurwa mukuru.
Mu 1955, Veily Shukshin atwara Moscou kwinjira mu ishami rya Vgika. Kugira ngo amuhe amahirwe yo kugera ku murwa mukuru no gukoresha amahirwe ye, Mama yagurishije inka maze aha umuhungu we amafaranga. Nyuma yaho, umuyobozi wa firime y'ibanze yibukije ko kubera isura yanditse, ndetse no kubera ibitekerezo bidasobanutse, yashyizeho muri Komisiyo yakira, Shukshin yashyizeho muri Komisiyo yakira. Ariko iherezo ryari ritandukanye, kandi Shukshin Vukshin yahisemo umuyobozi w'ishami kuri we.
Muri icyo gihe, umwanditsi arakenewe arakenewe - ku nama z'umujyanama we Mikhail iltich ilma shukshin yohereje ubuvanganzo bwe mu babwiriza bashinzwe ubuvanganzo. Hano, amahirwe ya mbere yari ikinyamakuru cyo gusohora "guhindurwa" cyamateka ye "kabiri ku igare."
Film
Mugihe kimwe utangira kurasa muri firime. Akazi ka mbere Shukshin yari igice. Ku ishusho "ituje Don" yabonye uruhare ruto cyane mubasare. Ariko byabaye intangiriro nziza yumwuga wabakinnyi, yasunitse mu mikurire, n'uruhare rukurikira rwa Shukshin muri Filime "Fromari ebyiri" yari imwe nyamukuru.
Abandi basabye ntibahatiwe gutegereza igihe kirekire, kandi bidatinze Shukshin-Umukinnyi watsinze cyane kuruta Shukshina-Umuyobozi. Ariko, umubyifuzo nyamukuru shobuja numvise ikindi kintu. Yakuruwe nigitekerezo cyo kwihangira inkuru yuzuye, ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kuri buri nyuguti nukwinjiza nyuma ya byose kuri ecran.
Igikorwa cya mbere cyigenga "kuva muri Swan gutanga raporo" cyashyizwe mu bikorwa ibyifuzo byose by'umwanditsi - Veily Shukshin yagaragaye hano ari umwanditsi w'inyenzi, umuyobozi n'umukinnyi. Nibyo, iyi shusho yagumye ititaye ku banegura, imubariza gato irambiranye, ariko urufatiro rw'imishinga minini minini.
Filime ikurikira yuzuye "abasore" bakuweho ukurikije inkuru zatangajwe mbere "umushoferi witsinda" na "grinc malugin". Uruhare nyamukuru rwatumiwe kugana VGIKA Leonid Kuravlyov. Uyu murimo wakiriye intsinzi nini. Shukshina yabonye abumva no kunegura. Muri iki gihe, uburyo bwe bwo guhanga bwateye imbere byuzuye.
Intwari shukshin zerekanwe mubikorwa byabo ni abakozi boroheje bafite inyuguti zigoye zigwa mubihe bigoye. Insanganyamatsiko yumuntu woroheje yegereye cyane umuyobozi wasuye umuhinzi rusange, hamwe nabakozi, bumva abantu benshi kwandika. Shukshin-Umukinnyi, akurikije ibitekerezo byo kunegura, yagiraga ubushobozi bwo kureba isi binyuze mumaso ye, yavutse mu ngorane zose z'imico ye. Imiterere yubuyobozi ya Shukshin yibukwa nabateze amatwi imitungo yo hanze kandi yabujije.
Mu 1974, film izwi hukhina "kalina itukura" yasohotse kuri ecran, umurimo wanyuma wumwanditsi. Ishusho yahawe ibihembo byiza hamwe nabanegura neza. Inkuru ya gereza no kugerageza gutangira ubuzima bwo kongera Egor Prokodina yatunguwe na rubanda. Mbere mu ihuze, ntabwo yakuyeho inkuru nk'izo, kandi nyuma ya Premiere, abateraniye aho bari bararaga kandi barara. Filime yakiriye ibihembo byinshi by'iminsi mikuru itandukanye ya firime.
Mu kwitanga inzira zose zo guhasigara, ntiyigeze yitonda ubuzima, kandi ibitero bikunze kwibasirwa n'indwara ibisekuru byatewe na gahunda y'akazi.
Gahunda nyinshi z'abayobozi ntiyigeze yiringiraga gusohora: ntabwo yategereje icyemezo cy'ishusho yimyanya ibiri yeguriwe ubuzima bwa Stenan Razin na kogosha. Veily Shukshin yari afite ishyaka ryinshi kuriyi ngingo - arenga amasoko yumwimerere, yiga gasutamo yigihe, yakoze inyandiko na gahunda yo kurasa. Kubera iki gitekerezo, yanze kwitabira izindi firime, bigatuma ari inshuti nyamukuru kuri "Steptan Razin". Muri kiriya gihe, ubuyobozi bwa komite ya leta ya CINEMATORRAPFIYA ifatwa nk'inyamu nini y'amateka mu bwije kandi buhenze cyane, yemerera kumva ko kurasa byasubitswe igihe kitazwi. Ahubwo, yigishijwe no gushushanya "amashyiga-iduka" (1972).
Mu ikubitiro, umuyobozi uteganijwe kongera gutumira Leonid ukuvlev kugeza ku ruhare nyamukuru rwa Leonid ukuvlev, ariko yanga kandi atanga igitekerezo Shukshin gukina. Yarabikoze, kandi film yamenyekanye ku banegura banditse kandi yavuze ko uruhare rwa Ivan Zrugugueva rwakinnye na Filigree.
Filime ikurikira, aho shukshin yari uruhare runini, yabaye umuheruka kuri we. VUSHIL Shukshin yapfuye gitunguranye mugihe cyicyiciro cya nyuma cyo gufata amashusho hamwe na firime akunda "barwaniye igihugu cyabo."
Ubuvanganzo
Mugereranije, shukshin vasily shukshin uhuza ibikorwa byubuvanganzo. Igitabo cye "Abatuye mu cyaro" basohotse mu 1963 no gusohora inzu "umuzamu". Muri rusange, hari ibitabo bibiri byuzuye byuzuye umurage uhanga wa Shukshin, mugihe ikibazo nyamukuru cyo guhanga cyatangajwe byimazeyo amanota menshi nabakompa bishingirwaho kubishushanyo bya cinematografi.
Ibitabo bya Shukshin binjiye mu kigega cya zahabu cy'ibitabo by'Abasoviyeti. Umugani wonyine wa Shukshina "kuri Gato ya gatatu" ni inzu. Muri uyu murimo, umwanditsi yongeye kuvuga ku matungo y'Abarusiya, yerekeye icyo gisakuzo cy '"Umurusiya."
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Maria Ivanovna Shishai niwe mugore wa mbere kandi wa mugore wa mbere wubuyobozi, kuva icyo gihe yabonaga akiri muto. Kubwamahirwe, inzira zabo zubuzima zagiye kumunsi wubukwe kubera kwanze kwa Mary Ivanovna kugenda neza gutsinda moscou. Umugore ukiri muto yagize ubwoba kudakira ubuzima bwa metropolitan. Gusiga Mariya mu mudugudu we kavukire, Shukshin yagiye muri Discowi ubwe aragaruka nyuma yimyaka mike asaba ubutane, kuko yakundaga undi.
Muri kiriya gihe, yari amaze kubana na Victoria Safnava ndende, umukobwa wumwanditsi Anatoly Safronova. Ariko Maria ntabwo yahaye umugabo we ubutane, akomeza umugore we wenyine kugeza imperuka yubuzima. Kugirango uve muriyi myanya, Shukshin Vosily yahatiwe "gutakaza" pasiporo. Mu 1965, Anastasia Sofnovova yavukiye umukobwa waterna Shukshin.
Mu 1964, Shukshin yashakanye na Filime Lydia Alexandrova, wagize uruhare muri filime "abaho umusore nk'uwo." Ishyingiranwa ryabo ryamaze igihe kinini. Dukurikije kwibuka kwa Alegizandere, impamvu yatumye uru rukundo rushingiye ku mibanire ikomeye no kunywa inzoga. Rero, irazwi rero ko Shukshin yamenyekanye mu rukundo Nonne Martukov, ariko nonanovna Norisovna yaje kuvuga ko batageze mu mubano ukomeye.
Kurasa bishushanya "icyo, inyanja" Vasily Shukshin ahura numukinnyi wa filime Lidiya Fedoseva. Kuva kera, ntashobora gukoresha umugore umwe kandi ashyigikira umubano na babiri ako kanya. Lidiya Fedotseva yabyaye abakobwa babiri - Maria na Olga, bakomeza iruhande rw'umugabo we kugeza ku minsi ya nyuma y'ubuzima bwe. Nyuma yaho, umukobwa wa Shukshin yabaye abakinnyi bazwi, maze Maria Shukshina yayoboye gahunda ikunzwe "Mtegereza."
Urupfu
Ibanga ry'urupfu rwa Shukshin kandi ntirishobora kudoda imperuka. Mu gihe cyo gufata amashusho ya filime iheruka abigiranye uruhare, "barwaniye igihugu cyabo" Schukshina yabonye irindi kwiyongera ry'ibisebe bya peptic. Rimwe na rimwe, ibitero byari bikomeye, ukurikije ababyiboneye, yagendaga afite ibara nk'urupfu. Dukurikije ibisobanuro by'ibicuruzwa, nubwo nyuma yo kuvuka kw'abana, Shukshin Vukshin yahambiriye inzoga, byari umujinya mwinshi kandi umwica.
Ariko, hariho ubundi verisiyo Shukshin ishobora gushyirwamo. Ntamuntu numwe wavuze ukuri, ariko umugore wa Lidiya Fedosseva-Shukshina yibukije ko umugabo we yumvise akaba akagira akanya kandi akabona ko hari ikintu gishobora kumubaho.
Umuyobozi mukuru na Sergey Bondarduckund yigeze ko Shukshin ashobora uburozi, kuko bukeye bwaho umukinnyi yasuzumwe mubitaro bya Kremili, kandi nta patologiya ikomeye. Ukurikije ibihuha, mu kabari k'ubwato, aho umurambo wa Shukshin wabonetse, washoboraga kureka gaze ya gaze, idasiga ibimenyetso byo guhura. Igitero c'interane cyamenyekanye nk'igitabo cy'urupfu.
Shukshin Vasily Makarovich yashyinguwe ku ya 7 Ukwakira 1974 ku irimbi rya Novodevichy ry'umurwa mukuru. Umubare munini wabantu baje gushyingura, kandi abantu bose basigara ku mva ya kalina itukura. Vladimir vysotsky yanditseho byihariye: "Kwibuka Shukshina VUSSIM". Dukurikije kwibuka umugore we, Shukshin yizeraga ko abantu batangiye kwanga undi, bityo agerageza gutuma abantu bibuka akazi kabo.
Filmography
- Sinte.
- Bibiri
- Kuva kuri Raporo ya Swan
- Iyo ibiti byari binini
- Niki, inyanja?
- Niba ushaka kwishima
- Nyamuneka gira amagambo
- Barwaniye igihugu cyabo
- Umusore nkuyu abaho
- Umuhungu wawe n'umuvandimwe wawe
- Abantu badasanzwe
- Amaduka-iduka
- Umutuku Viburnum
Bibliografiya
- Abanyagihugu
- Lubvina
- Ngaho, kure
- Abaho umusore nk'uwo
- Inyuguti
Ifoto