Ubuzima
Nikolai Gamaley - Umuganga wa Soviti, w'Uburusiya, mikorobe y'imi mizima yo mu rugo, Ukraine n'ubwenegihugu. Ubuzima bwumuhanga ni urugero rwakazi gakomeye, kwihangana no kudahatirwa kwa siyansi. Ingorane zubuzima n'imbaraga nziza z'umubiri ziranga ubwoko bwe, umushakashatsi yakoze umwaka wose nta buruhukiro kandi ntatinya ubushakashatsi bushobora guteza akaga.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Nikolai Fecorovich Gambaley Gambaley yavutse ku ya 17 Gashyantare 1859 muri Odessa, Ingoma y'Uburusiya, mu muryango w'urugo, yakomotse ku murima wa Zaporizhia. Se w'umuhanga yagize uruhare mu ntambara yo gukunda igihugu cyo mu 1812, yabaye Umuyobozi wa gisivili i Tambov, aho yafashaga Itorero rya orotodogisi guhangana n'igice cya Skoptsov.
Ababyeyi Nikolai Fegorovich yari umwana wa cumi na kabiri. Amaze guhabwa uburezi muri siporo, umusore yinjiye muri kaminuza ya Novorossiysk ku ishami risanzwe rya fiziki n'imibare.
Mu mahugurwa ku masomo ya 2, Nikolai Fegorovich yabuze se. Mu busore bwa kare, ubuzima bwigenga bwatangiye. Mu myaka itatu yikurikiranya, umunyeshuri yagiye i Strasbourg, aho yashohoje imirimo ya mbere ya siyansi ku ngaruka ya ogisijeni ku nzira yo kubora no kunyeganyega.
Mu 1881, Gamalei yarangije muri kaminuza afite urwego rw'ubucuruzi kandi hamwe na nyina yagiye mu ishuri ry'ubuvuzi bwa Gisirikare rya St. Petersburg. Mu kizamini cyo gutangiza kuri Anatomiya, yanduye imyanda y'inda kandi irwaye cyane. Kubuzima bwe, Nikolai Fegorovich ntabwo yari afite ubwoba, ariko afite impungenge ko kubera ubutegetsi buriri bwabuze ibyiciro bifatika kuri gahunda zubuvuzi muri rusange.
Siyanse
Ishuri rirangiye, Gamalei asubira muri Odessa ajya ku kazi mu bitaro by'Umujyi. IBIKORWA BY'UBUVUZI bwaTANGIYE nk'umukozi wa neuropatholog on osipa osipovich mochevkovsky. Mu bitaro, yabonye abantu benshi bakuru n'abana bamaze indwara zandura batabafasha ndetse bakanakuraho imibabaro.Murugo, Gamalei yaremye laboratoire ya microbiologiya, aho yakoranye na Ilya Meschnikov. Hamwe na hamwe bakoze ubushakashatsi kuri pharecytose.
Mu 1885, Nikolai Fegorovich yakoranyirijwe i Paris hamwe na Louis Pasteur. Umufaransa yaremye urusobe rwa sitasiyo ya bagiteri gukora inkingo ku bahinzi, kandi mu mujyi yavukiyemo yafunguye Gambalei na Yakov Barda.
Mu 1888, Nikolai Fedorovich yasabye icyifuzo cyo gukoresha bacillus yo gutekera kurinda kolera. Epidemiologue ntawagirane mbere kuri we, hanyuma kumugore we. Yashyizeho kandi isoko yo gukwirakwiza iyi ndwara - kubera amakosa ya guverinoma yumwami n'abayobozi, umwanda mu Bwami bw'Uburusiya wakuwe mu nzuzi, ibiyaga n'amariba. Kuva aho, bafata amazi yo kunywa no gukaraba, babaye intandaro y'urupfu rwabaturage mu baturage. Inzira nziza zo kurwanya indwara mubantu zafatwaga nkigitekerezo cya tar, kumena amaraso, gukoresha vino hamwe na vino, funga vinegere, gukoresha imitsi. Birumvikana ko nta kintu cyafashije.
Imijyi yose yo mu Burusiya yagabanijwemo amatsinda atatu ku rwego rwo kwandura. Ku itsinda rya mbere, yitirirwa Baku, Tiflis, Saratov, Astrakhan, Samara, derbent, Tsuritsyn (ejo hazaza). Muri ubwo buhungiro bwose harimo imishimbo myinshi yataye amazi yanduye yegerejwe, niyo soko ya antisanitarian.
Mu ci ryo mu 1902, icyorezo cyaje kuri Odessa. Gamalei yahamagariye akanama k'Umujyi kwangiza imbeba, zatandukanijwe n'indwara, kandi byafashaga guhagarika icyorezo. Kugira ngo nkore ibi, nagombaga kunyuranya na ba nyir'ububiko bw'icyaro, aho imitwe yanduye yabayeho. Nikolai Fegorovich kandi yagize uruhare runini muri mikorobiologiya na virologiya, yiga Tiphus, igituntu, Opu.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Gamalei yishimiye ubuzima bwe bwite, amaze kubaho imyaka 60 yizeye umugore we wa Mikhailovna, wamuhaye abana batanu. Umuhungu wa Federi yakomeje ingoma, yakoreye ubushakashatsi muri TABBAIL, ariko mu gihe cyo gusebya 1930 yakiriye ibirego bidasobanutse mu kugerageza kwangiza uruzi rwa Amur. Nyuma yumwaka nigice yarekurwa.
Umuhungu wa Boris yabaye umuhanga mu by'ubukungu, ku ntambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu yahamagariwe imbere. Umukobwa wa Mariya, hamwe na se, yakoze igituntu yo kwimurwa muri Borov.
Umwuzukuru wa Gamalei Nikolai Fegorovich yabaye umuganga ubaga kandi uwambere muri USSR yinjiye mu kaga gashya ka laser wakozwe na Alexander Prokhorov. Nkumwana wubuntu "umwanzi w'abantu", yajyanywe mu bunyage yerekeza i Kiev kandi ngaho abifashijwemo n'iyi yavumbuwe abarwayi ba oncologiya bavuwe.
Urupfu
Nikolai Fedorovich yapfuye azize ku ya 29 Werurwe 1949 i Moscou, kugeza ku munsi wanyuma, agumana imikorere nubushya bwibitekerezo. Imva iherereye ku irimbi rya Novodevichy. Ku muhanda wa Pokhodinskaya, hashyizweho urwibutso rwo gushinga umuhanga.Kwibuka
- 1956 - Urwibutso rwa Nikolai Gamalee i Moscou
- 1959 - Portrait ya Nicholas Gamaley kuri Grand ya USSR
- 1987 - Umudari wumuringa kugeza kuri Yubile Yimyaka 125 Yavutse Nikolai Fegorovich Gamalei
- 2009 - Igishushanyo cya Nicholas Gamaley ku Iharanira Ibaruwa Ukrrain
- Ikigo cyubushakashatsi mu gihugu gishinzwe icyorezo na mikorobiologiya yitiriwe N. F. Gambaley (Moscow)
- Izina rya Nikolai Gamalei ryambaye imihanda muri Odessa, Moscou, Tomsk, Sumy, Taraz
Ibihembo
- 1943 - Icyiciro cya kabiri cya Stalin Premium imyaka myinshi akora akazi gakomeye mu rwego rwa siyanse n'ikoranabuhanga
- 1945 - Urutonde rwabakozi basigaye
- 1949 - Ibicuruzwa bibiri bya Lenin