Ubuzima
Edward Snowden - umufasha wa tekinike wa Amerika, azwi kwisi yose atangaza umubare wimikorere yubwenge ajyanye no gukurikiranwa rusange kubaturage. Kuva mu 2013, izina rye ryagaragaye ku buculato bwa mbere bw'itangazamakuru, nk'akarenga ku kigo cy'umutekano cy'igihugu (ANB) cy'uburenganzira n'ubwisanzure bw'abanyamerika n'Abanyaburayi byakubise umuryango w'isi.
Vuba aha, urubura rubana mu Burusiya, aho yahawe ubuhungiro bwa politiki, kuko Amerika yamutangaje ku rutonde mpuzamahanga zifuzaga, kugira uruhare mu birego byo kunyereza umutungo no gutangaza ko guhungabanya umutekano wa Leta, bifatwa nk'ibangamiye umutekano w'igihugu.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Edward Snowden yavutse ku ya 21 Kamena 1983 mu mujyi wa Elizabeti, iherereye muri Carolina y'Amajyaruguru. Ababyeyi be - Umuzamu w'ikigo cya Lohn Coast na avoka Elizabeth Snowden - Yahukanye. Mu muryango, Edward ni umwana muto, afite mukuru wa Jessica, ukora nk'umunyamategeko mu kigo cy'ubucamanza muri Washington.
Ubwana n'urubyiruko Urubura rwanyuze mu mujyi wabo, aho umukozi uzaza wa CIA na Amerika Academy ya siyansi yahawe amashuri yisumbuye. Mu 1999, umuryango wa Snowden wimukiye muri Maryland. Ngaho Edward yinjiye muri College ya Ann Srandel, aho amasomo yo kwitegura yafunzwe azira kwinjira muri kaminuza.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, kubera uko ubuzima bwabayeho, ntabwo yarangije amasomo yo kwiga - yagombaga gukomeza amasomo ye mu gihe Snowden atabujije urubura muri 2011 kugira ngo ahare impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga muri kaminuza ya Liverpool.
Mu 2004, Edward Snowden yagiye kuba ingabo z'ingabo aho nyuma y'amezi make, nyuma yo guhanishwa ibikomere byinshi, abagore bashinzwe. Duhereye kuri iyi ngingo, ubuzima bwa shelegi bwari bufitanye isano na siyanse ya mudasobwa, gahunda kandi ni tekinoroji umusore yerekanye ubuhanga n'ubuhanga bwihariye, nubwo adafite icyemezo cyemeza ubuhanga bw'umwuga.
Serivisi muri cia
Kuzamuka mu nzoka y'umwuga kuri Edward Snowden yari yizeye kandi byihuse. Inzobere ya mbere yubumenyi bwumwuga yakiriwe muri siyansi yigihugu, ikorera mu miterere y'inzego z'ibanga muri kaminuza ya Maryland. Nyuma yimyaka mike, Snowden yemejwe muri serivisi ya CIA no munsi yigifuriro cya diplomasi cyoherejwe i Geneve mubiro by'iposita bya Amerika muri Loni. Ngaho murwego rwinshingano ze harimo gushyira mubikorwa imiyoboro ya mudasobwa. Dukurikije Edward, akazi mu Busuwisi yafunguye amaso ko ariho ari isano idasanzwe muri serivisi zubutasi z'Amerika, zizana abantu benshi kuruta icyiza.
Muri 2009, porogaramu yaretse muri CIA ntangira gukora muri dell na Booz Allen Hamilton bafatanya n'ishuri rya siyansi yo kugisha inama, kuzuza inshingano za rwiyemezamirimo wo hanze.
Snowden ntabwo yemeje ibikorwa by'Ikigo gishinzwe umutekano muri Amerika, mu gihe kizaza, mu gihe kizaza, amaze gukiza abaturage ko abaturage bakoze ibikorwa byemewe na leta ku isi yose. Ni muri urwo rwego, mu 2013, ikigo cyihariye cya NSA cyafashe icyemezo cyo gukora ku mpera z'umutima we no guhishurira abantu bagaragaza inzego zubutasi zabanyamerika muri rusange.
Snowden yavuze inshuro nyinshi ko yashakaga gutangaza ibikorwa bitemewe bya NSB na Cia mu 2008, ariko byiringiro ko bageze kuri Barack Obama, ibintu biri mu serivisi z'ibanga muri Amerika bizahinduka. Bidatinze kuri porogaramu, byaragaragaye ko Perezida w'Amerika ukomeje politiki yababanjirije kandi ntashaka kubangamira ibikorwa bya "abatasi".
Guhura no gukurikirana icyaha
Imirimo ya Snowden yo gutangaza ibyaha bya serivisi zidasanzwe zabanyamerika yatangiriye muri 2013. Hanyuma, uwahoze ari CIA n'umukozi w'Abambiya wavuganye na film Laura Poootras, umunyamakuru w'umunyamerika Glewbild na Barton Barton Gellman, watangaje ko yari yiteguye gutanga amakuru y'ibanga.
Urusigi rw'itumanaho rubera binyuze mu butumwa bwa e-imeri ibanga, binyuze muri uwo mupolisi yahujwe n'abanyamakuru inyandiko 200 z'ibanga. Imiterere yabo yibanga yarenze ibikoresho byatangajwe mbere kuri Wikileaks yerekeye amakimbirane muri Afuganisitani na Iraki. Nyuma yibyo, amahano aratangara, kandi abivuga batangajwe bakiriye ingaruka za BommonjorUclear mu binyamakuru. Mu bihe biri imbere, Julian Assange, washinze Wikileaks, azatangaza ko, tubikesha umuryango mpuzamahanga udaharanira inyungu, Snowden akomeza kubohora.
Ihuriro rya Scorfen Snowden ryarimo amakuru yerekeye gukurikiranya abanyabwenge bo muri Amerika ku baturage mu bihugu 60 by'isi n'inzego 35 za leta mu Burayi. Porogaramu yatangaje amakuru ajyanye na gahunda ya prism, abahanga bayoboye ko hakurikiranwa n'imishyikirano y'abanyamerika n'abanyamahanga binyuze muri interineti no mu itumanaho.
Dukurikije Edward, gahunda ya prism yemerewe nam kumva amajwi na videwo yicaye, reba imeri n'amafoto, tract offes akoresha amakuru akoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga. Umubare munini wa serivisi zizwi byitabiriye iyi gahunda: Microsoft (Hosmail), Facebook, Google (Gmail), Skype, Yahoo! Youtube na Paltalk.
Nanone, itegeko ry'ibanga ry'urukiko rwa FISC naryo ryaragaragaza urubura, nk'uko shusho nini ya Spizon ategekwa kohereza ahamagaye NSB buri munsi, bikorerwa muri Amerika. Abanyamakuru basabye ko abandi bakorana na selile b'Abanyamerika bashobora gukururwa n'inshingano nk'izo.
Byongeye kandi, tubikesha urubura, byamenyekanye ko hariho gahunda yo gukurikirana temperateur, ikaba yafashijwe nibiganiro bya interineti nibiganiro bya terefone, hamwe na software ihuriweho na iphone, igufasha gukurikiza ibikorwa byumukoresha.
Imwe mu mvugo igendanwa ya Snowden yavugaga ko gutangiza abashinzwe iperereza ry'Amerika baganiriye kuri terefone n'abayobozi bitabiriye inama ya G20 babaye muri 2009 i Londres. Abahohotewe na Amerika barwaye ibikorwa bitemewe binjiye mu banyapolitiki benshi bazwi baturutse ku isi.
Nk'uko Pentagon abike, Snowden afite ibyangombwa miliyoni 1.7, ibyinshi bifitanye isano n'amakuru y'ingenzi bijyanye n'ingabo z'Abanyamerika n'amato, Marine n'ingabo n'ingabo n'ingabo n'ingabo. Aya makuru, akurikije abanyamakuru, azatangazwa buhoro buhoro kugira ngo yangize inyungu z'igihugu muri Amerika na NSA.
Amaze gufata umwanzuro, agaragaza umwirondoro we Edward Snowden, abonye ko agomba kwishyura bihenze muri iki gikorwa, yagiye kwiruka.
Ubwa mbere, porogaramu yari yihishe muri Hong Kong, aho yateganyaga kubona ubuhungiro bwa politiki. Nyuma yo gutangaza ibirego ku bijyanye n'amategeko no kunyereza umutungo no gutangazwa n'amayobera y'ibanga, ibyabaye ku munsi w'imyaka 30 ya Edcou yagaragaye i Moscou ku kibuga cy'indege cya Sheremetyerievo, ariko, adafite Ikirusiya Visa, yahatiwe kuguma mu kibuga cy'indege.
Dukurikije itangazamakuru, mu Burusiya, gahunda yahuye n'imodoka ifite nimero ya diplomasi ya Venezuwela, wafashe urubura mu cyerekezo kitazwi. Birashoboka, Edward igamije kujya muri Amerika yepfo binyuze muri Moscou.
Ku ya 30 Kamena 2013, yamusabye kumuha ubuhungiro bwa politiki mu Burusiya, bukeye bwaho Perezida wa Federasiyo y'Uburusiya Vladimir Putin yemereye iyo myigaragambyo kuguma mu gihugu kugira ngo ahagarike umurimo wo guhirika udukoko twa Serivisi zidasanzwe z'Abanyamerika.
Muri icyo gihe, Edward Snowden yatanze abayobozi b'Abanyamerika kubyerekeye imbabazi, bavuga ko nta kibi kandi bitemewe mubyo bakoze. Abayobozi b'Abanyamerika bafite imyifatire ivuguruzanya ku buryo bwo guhura na shelegi, urebye ko Porogaramu itegekwa kwitaba urukiko, kubera ko yahawe amabanga ya Leta yo muri Amerika. Abaskuti b'Abanyamerika basuzuma igikorwa cy'uwahoze ari umukozi wa CIA na NSA bigoye kandi bitemewe, bashyira serivisi y'ubutasi z'Amerika zangiza bidahwitse.
Na none, mu muryango w'ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'Uburayi, bifitanye isano mbere n'ikibazo cyo gukurikirana urubura. Inteko ishinga amategeko y'Uburayi yasabye inshuro nyinshi ko icyemezo cy'Uburayi cyanga gushyiraho umunyamerika, kumuha uburinzi, kizaba kidashoboka ko kitoroshe muri Amerika cyangwa gusubira mu kindi cya gatatu.
Muri Nyakanga 2016, umuyobozi wa CIA wa CIA ya Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika John Brenan yavuze ko SNOCDDEN igomba gusubira muri Amerika no kwitaba urukiko. Hanyuma umuyobozi w'ibitekerezo by'amahanga y'Abanyamerika ntabwo yashyigikiwe n'umwanya wahoze ari umushinjacyaha mukuru w'Amerika, uwita ibikorwa bya Sylesede "Sosiyete ishinzwe serivisi". Umutwe wa CIA ntabwo wemera ko gushimira Edward mu gihugu byatangiye kuganira kubibazo bikomeye.
Muri 2016, uwahoze ari umukozi w'ikigo cy'igihugu cyabwiwe mu kiganiro n'ibihe by'imari ku buzima bwe mu murwa mukuru w'Uburusiya. Snowden yemeye ko ubumenyi bwe bwururimi rwikirusiya buhagije kugirango akore gahunda muri resitora. Snowden yongeyeho ko aba mu majyaruguru y'amajyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'Abanyamerika kandi amara igihe kinini kuri interineti, ariko "Buri gihe byabaye mu buzima bwe."
Snowden yerekanye inshuro nyinshi igitekerezo ku mategeko yo kurwanya iterabwoba. Uwahoze ari umukozi wa serivisi zidasanzwe z'Abanyamerika wanenzwe muri microblog ye muri microblog ye mu nyungu za Twitter, Ipaki y'amategeko ("Impeshyi"), intumwa n'imiyoboro rusange kugira ngo bakomeze amakuru kubyerekeye ukuri kw'ibiganiro no kwandikirana no kwandikirana n'ibirimo.
"Ubugenzuzi rusange ntabwo bukora. Iri tegeko ryatoranijwe muri buri faranga ry'Uburusiya n'umudendezo udatezimbere umutekano. Ntukiyandike. "Muri 2017, wahoze ari umukozi wa serivisi zidasanzwe z'Abanyamerika atumira wahoze ari umukozi w'ibihugu byinshi byo ku isi kuvura mu bibazo byinshi, ndetse no gukora ibiganiro.
Film
"Umuntu ushakishwa cyane ku isi" Edward Snowden Nyuma yo gutangaza no gutangaza amakuru y'ibanga y'inganda za serivisi zidasanzwe z'abanditsi n'abanyamigabane bibwiraga ko ibyo baremye. Niwe muntu nyamukuru wa firime ya documentaire "ubwenegihugu bane" ("umuturage"), afata amashusho na Laura ashingiye ku kiganiro na Uwahoze ari umuyobozi wa CIA na NSA.
Filime yerekeye Edward Snowden yatsindiye igihembo cyicyubahiro cya Oscar nkicyiciro cyiza hamwe numugambi utinyutse, uva kumasegonda yashize atwara amakuru yunvikana neza.
Muri 2016, isi yabonye umushinga mushya w'Umuyobozi uzwi wa Oliver ibuye ryitwa "Snowden", yeguriwe amateka ya guverinoma y'abanyamerika y'uwahoze ari Aytichnik. Inshingano nyamukuru muri firime zakozwe n'abakinnyi Joseph Gordon-Lewiitt, Sheilin Woodley na Zakari Quinto.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima bwite bwa Edward Snowden Nyuma yo kwerekana cyane cyane ingamba zo kwirinda zafashwe ni ibanga rya sosiyete. Yavuze ubuzima bwumuryango rimwe na mbere - muri 2013 yavuze ko afite umugore nabana. Birazwi ko kuva mu 2009, umukobwa we yari Umubyinkuru w'imbyino, aho yabaga mu ishyingiranwa ry'abaturage mu kirwa cya Hawayi.
Hariho ibihuha bibaye ko muri Werurwe abantu batandukanye. Ariko umuyobozi ibirarane, Umwanditsi wa firime ya shelegi, yahakanye aya makuru. Abatasi b'Abanyamerika baracyabana n'ababyeyi mu Burusiya. Uku kuri ni gihamya yamafoto yabo ahuriweho kugaragara kuri konte yihariye ya Lindsay muri "Instagram".
Muri 2013, wahoze ari umukozi wa serivisi zidasanzwe z'Uburusiya Anna Chapman yatumiye Edward Snowdeden kumurongora. Yanditse kuri ibi muri Twitter, ariko abakoresha bavuga ko intambwe nkiyi na pr.
Nk'uko ku munyamakuru bifata ibiganiro bya Edward muri Hong Kong, Snowden akomeza kuba umuntu waturunda kandi uzi ubwenge, mu mico yabo akurikiranwa n'abantu. Porogaramu iganisha ku buzima butuje kandi bwiza, bukoreshwa nabi, amara umwanya munini kuri mudasobwa kandi akunda gusoma ibitabo ku mateka y'Uburusiya. Muri icyo gihe, "The Exposer" wa NSA na CIA bubahiriza indyo y'ibikomoka ku bimera, ntibanywa ikawa kandi ntibanywa inzoga.
Edward Snowden ubungubu
Porogaramu yavuze inshuro nyinshi ko yiteguye kwimukira muri Amerika, hashingiwe ku rubanza rufunguye imbere y'abacamanza. Ariko nta mukuru wigihugu utarahabwa urubura rwa shelegi. Muri 2017, abanyamakuru bashyize ahagaragara ko Moscou atazongera guhisha Edward ku butaka bw'Uburusiya, kandi akamuha Perezida wa Amerika muri Donald Trump, ariko umugambi wongera gusaba kongera uruhushya rwo gutura.
Muri 2018, umunyamerika yahagaritse umubano rusange mugihe cyamezi atandatu. Mu kugwa mu ruhare rwe, hafashwe nimero ya videwo na kaminuza yo gucunga umujyi wa Otirishiya ya Innsbruck. Edward yavuze ko yashinzwe ikigega cy'Abanyamerika mu kurengera ubwisanzure bw'abanyamakuru.
Mu rwego rw'ibikorwa byayo, Snowden arimo guteza imbere gahunda irinda amasoko yamakuru aturuka hanze. Nk'uko byahoze ari umukozi wa CIA, birahangayitse, mbere na mbere, ibibazo by'umuryango w'Abanyamerika, uwo akomeza kurwana. Muri icyo gihe, Edward ntabwo areka kunegura leta yuburusiya no kuvugurura.
Mu Gushyingo, urubura rwa Snomen rufite ikiganiro cy'ubuyobozi bwa Mosadi, kibaha mu nama ya videwo ibimenyetso byerekana ko Ndermtion ya NSA mubikorwa byubwenge bwa Isiraheli. Ku disikuru nshya muri 2019, Snowden ntabwo itanga amakuru, ariko yibwirwa ko Porogaramu izakomeza gushyira ahagaragara serivisi zidasanzwe zabanyamerika.
Amagambo
Snowden ubwe avuga ibyahishuwe nkaba:
Ati: "Nize neza byose kugira ngo tumenye neza ko ibanga rye rizakorera yemewe n'inyungu za sosiyete. Hariho inyandiko z'ubwoko bwose, kumenyekanisha ibyagira ingaruka zikomeye, ariko sinabinyukaho, kuko intego yanjye ni gufungura, kandi ntabwo bikagirira abantu ingaruka. "Gutanga ibitekerezo ku bisobanuro byo kugenzura abayobozi bayobozi b'inzego z'itumanaho, Snowden yavuze ko ikibazo nk'iki kizagera mu bihe biri imbere.
Ati: "Ibi bikorwa mu gihe kizaza birashobora gusobanurwa nabi, byasobanuwe nabi, kandi bikaba bikumenyera ku byangiza nk'umuntu. Ndetse nta ntego itaziguye na Guverinoma kugira ngo igukorere ibibazo runaka. Imiterere yumutekano niho gusa aho umutekano ari hejuru y'ibindi byose. "
Ku ikoreshwa rya Google na Skype:
"Ntabwo nkoresha Google na Skype. Ibi ni serivisi nziza, ariko ntabwo byizewe rwose muri gahunda yumutekano wa data. Ntidukwiye kubizera, kandi rwose izi gahunda ntigomba gukoreshwa mu itumanaho. "Abayobozi b'Abanyamerika bahamagaye inshuro nyinshi gutanga amakuru "kugira ngo bamenye uko bameze," bemera ko yatewe ubwoba n'igihano gikomeye muri Amerika, ariko Snowden yahoraga yitondera cyane:
"Ibintu ntabwo ari urukiko rufunguye kandi rutagereranywa neza"