Ubuzima
Sigmund Freud - Austrian Psychoanalyst, umuganga windwara zo mu mutwe na neurolog. Washinze psychoanalyse. Igitekerezo cyadushya kitera resonance muri siyansi ya siyansi No muri iki gihe.
Sigmund Freud yavukiye mu mujyi wa Freiberg (ubungubu - Prseibor, Repubulika ya Ceki) ku ya 6 Gicurasi 1856, aba umwana wa gatatu mu muryango. Nyina wa Sigmund - Umugore wa kabiri wa Yakobo Freud, wari ufite abahungu babiri bo mu bashakanye bwa mbere. Ubucuruzi bw'imyenda bwazanye inyungu n'umuryango, byarahagije ubuzima. Ariko impinduramatwara yazungurutse no gusiga ibintu bito binyuranyije n'amateka y'ibindi bitekerezo, kandi umuryango wagombaga kuva mu rugo kavukire. Mu miryango ya mbere, umuryango wa Freud wimukiye muri Leipzig, nyuma y'umwaka i Vienne.
Agace gakennye, umwanda, urusaku hamwe nabaturanyi badashimishije ni iyo mpamvu zitagejeje umwuka mwiza munzu yuwa siyansi. Sigmund ubwe ntabwo yakunze kwibuka umwana muto, kubara iyo myaka idakwiriye kwitabwaho.
Ababyeyi bakundaga umuhungu we cyane, baramushyira ibyiringiro bikomeye. Ishyaka ryibutaro na filozofiya ryatewe inkunga gusa. Hanyuma usome Sigmund Freud ntabwo ari ubuvanganzo bukomeye. Mu isomero bwite ry'Umuhungu, ahantu h'ahantu hahujwe na Shakespeare, Kant, Nietzsche na Hegel. Byongeye kandi, psychoanalyst yakundaga kwiga indimi z'amahanga, ndetse n'ikilatini kigoye cyahawe igihano gito.
Kwiga mu rugo byatumye umuhungu yinjira muri Gymnasium hakiri kare kuruta. Mumyaka yishuri, sigmund yashyizeho imiterere kubijyanye no gusohoza imirimo mubintu bitandukanye. Urukundo nk'urwo rwababyeyi rwatsindirijwe rwose, kandi siporo ya Freud yarangije gutsinda.
Nyuma yishuri, Sigmund yamaze iminsi myinshi wenyine, atekereza ku kazoza ke. Amategeko akomeye kandi arenganya ntabwo yahawe amahitamo manini yumuhungu w'Abayahudi: ubuvuzi, inkiko, ubucuruzi n'indanganda. Amahitamo yose, usibye uwambere, Sigmund yamanutse ako kanya, urebye adakwiriye kubantu bize. Ariko Freud ntiyagize inyungu nyinshi mubuvuzi. Amaherezo, uwashinze Psychoanalysise yahagaritse guhitamo kuriyi siyansi, kandi psychologiya izahinduka ishingiro mu kwiga inyigisho zitandukanye.
Inyigisho ni imbaraga zicyemezo cya nyuma, aho akazi kasomwe na Goethe kitwa kamere. Ubuvuzi filsopher buri kizaza bwiganye nta bwenge ninyungu. Kuguma mu myaka yabanyeshuri muri laboratoire yamayeri, Freud yatangaje ingingo zishimishije kandi zitanga amakuru zerekeye imitsi yinyamaswa zimwe.
Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi yo kwiga, Sigmund ateganya gukomeza umwuga w'amasomo, ariko ibintu bikikije basaba ubushobozi bwo kubaho. Kubwibyo, amaze gukora imyaka itari mike mugitangira cyabavuzi bazwi cyane, muri 1885 Freud Freud yashyizeho icyifuzo cyo gufungura Inama y'Abaminisitiri ya NeuroPathology. Bitewe n'ibyifuzo, umuhanga yahawe uruhushya.
Birazwi ko Sigmund yagerageje kandi kokayine. Igikorwa c'ibiyobyabwenge cyakubise umuhanga mu bya filozofiya, maze yandikira imirimo myinshi, yahishuye imitungo y'ifu yangiza. Imwe mu ncuti za hafi za Froud biturutse ku kuvura kokayine, ariko umushakashatsi ushishikaye w'ibanga ry'uko ubwenge bwabantu ntibwibajije kuri uku kuri. Amaherezo, Sigmund Freud na we ubwe yarwaye kokayine yizihizwa. Nyuma yimyaka myinshi hamwe nimbaraga zimbaraga, umwarimu nyamara yateshutse ku ngeso mbi. Muri iki gihe cyose, Freud ntabwo yasize amasomo muri filozofiya, yasuye ibiganiro bitandukanye no kuyobora ibyanditswe.
Psychotherapy na psychoanalysis
Mu 1885, kubera inkunga y'inshuti, Sigmund Freud yabayeho, Sigmund Freud yaje kwimenyereza umwuga wa Jean Charco. Witoze gukingurira amaso kuri psychoanalyst mu buryo bwo gutandukanya indwara. Frecot Freud yize gukoresha Hypnose mu kuvura, abishakira abarwayi cyangwa ngo bagabanye imibabaro.
Sigmund Freud yatangiye gusaba ibiganiro n'abarwayi, yemerera abantu kuvuga, guhindura imyumvire. Ubu butunganya bwabonye izina "uburyo bwo kwishyira kubuntu". Ibi biganiro biva mubitekerezo ninteruro byafashije umubyimbe wumuganga ushishoza kugirango wumve ibibazo byabarwayi no gushaka igisubizo. Uburyo bwafashije kureka gukoresha hypnose kandi asunikwa kugirango avugane nabarwayi mubwenge bwuzuye kandi bwera.
Fred yerekanye isi ko pschose yose ari ingaruka zibyibuka abantu, bigoye kwikuramo. Muri icyo gihe, umuhanga yazanye igitekerezo cy'uko imitekerereze myinshi ishingiye ku kigo cyihutirwa no mu mibonano mpuzabitsina y'abana. Imibonano mpuzabitsina, nkuko Freud yizeraga, iki nikintu kigena ibibazo byinshi byibibazo bya psychologiya. "Inyandiko eshatu ku nyigisho z'imibonano mpuzabitsina" zuzuyemo igitekerezo cy'umuhanga. Amagambo nkaya ashingiye ku murimo wubatswe yateje amahano no kutumvikana hagati ya bagenzi babo bo mu mutwe wa Freudcra bavuga ku nyigisho. Abahagarariye umuryango wa siyansi bavuze ko Sigmund ari ubusa, na we ubwe, nk'uko abahanga bafatwa, babaye igitambo cya psychose.
Kwinjira mu mucyo cy'igitabo "Gusobanura inzozi" Ubwa mbere ntabwo byazanye umwanditsi umwanditsi, ariko nyuma y'imitekerereze n'abaganga b'indwara zo mu mutwe bamenye akamaro k'inzozi mu kuvura abarwayi. Kubera ko umuhanga yizeraga, inzozi nikintu gikomeye kigira ingaruka kumiterere yumubiri wumuntu. Nyuma yo kurekurwa kwa Porofeseri Feud yatumiwe mu gutanga raporo muri kaminuza mu Budage ndetse na Amerika, uhagarariye imiti ubwe yafatwaga ikintu gikomeye.
Ati: "Imitekerereze yo mu buzima bwa buri munsi" ni mu yindi mirimo ya Freud. Iki gitabo gifatwa nkibikorwa bya kabiri nyuma y "ubusobanuro bwinzozi", byagize ingaruka ku ireme ry'icyitegererezo cya topologi cya tspologiya cyateye umuhanga.
Igitabo "Intangiriro kuri PsychoanalySis" cyafashe umwanya wihariye mu mirimo ya siyansi. Uru rupapuro rurimo ishingiro ryibitekerezo, uburyo bwo gusobanura amahame nuburyo bwa psychoanalysise, kimwe na filozofiya yibitekerezo byumwanditsi. Mu bihe biri imbere, shingiro rya filozofiya bizaba ishingiro ryo gukora gahunda yo mu mutwe no mu bintu byakiriye neza - "ubwenge."
Yagerageje Feud kugirango asobanure kandi ameze imibereho. Mu gitabo "psychologiya y'isesengura n'isesengura ry'abantu, i", mu mutwe watekereje ku bintu bihindura imbaga, imyitwarire y'umuyobozi, "icyubahiro" kiva mu bubasha. Ibi bitabo byose byumwanditsi biracyari - ByelSellerlers.
Mu 1910, habaye ibice by'abanyeshuri n'abayoboke ba Fred. Kutavuga rumwe nabanyeshuri bafite ko imitekerereze na hysteria ifitanye isano no guhagarika ingufu zumuntu (Freud yakurikizaga inyigisho) - Impamvu yo kwivuguruza byatumye habaho gutandukana. Utumvikana kandi usubiremo umunaniro ukomeye wo mu mutwe. Imitekerereze ya psychoanaly yahisemo gukoranira hafi ye abubahirije iyi somo ryibitekerezo bye. Rero, mu 1913, komite yihishwa kandi yibanga ".
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo ya Sigmund Freud ntabwo yitaye ku igorofa y'abagore. Mvugishije ukuri, umuhanga yatinyaga abagore. Uku kuri kwateje urwenya rwinshi no kurenza urugero, rwarushijeho gutera imitekerereze. Freud yemeje ko ubuzima bwe bwose bushobora gukora nta gutabara abagore mu mwanya wawe. Ariko ibintu byateye imbere kugirango abahanga bakomeye biboneye ingaruka zubwiza bwiburyo bwiza.
Rimwe mu nzira igana mu nzu yo gucapa, Freud hafi yaguye munsi y'igare rya gare. Umugenzi, yicuza ibyabaye, nk'ikimenyetso cy'ubwiyunge bwohereje ubutumire bwa siyansi kumupira. Muri ibyo birori, Sigmund Freeud yahuye n'umugore we uzaza Martha Beyrneis, na mushiki we wanjye. Nyuma yigihe gito, gusezerana kwibeshya, na nyuma nubukwe. Ubuzima bwubatse bwarakonje akenshi Scandals, ishesha ishyari ryashimangiye ko umugabo ahagarika itumanaho nanjye. Kutifuza kurahira umugore we, Freud yarabikoze.
Mumyaka 8 yubuzima bwumuryango, Marta yahaye umugabo umugabo we batandatu. Nyuma yo kuvuka k'umukobwa uherereye, Anna Sigmund Freud yahisemo kureka ubuzima bw'imibonano mpuzabitsina burundu. Ukurikije ko Anna yabaye umwana wanyuma, psychoanasely ikomeye yagumanye Ijambo. Numukobwa muto wita kuri Fed izuba rirenze ubuzima bwumuhanga. Byongeye kandi, Anna niwe wenyine mubana bakomeje umurimo wa se uzwi. Amazina ya Anna Freud yise ikigo cya psychotherapeutic rwikigo i Londres.
Ibintu bishimishije
Ubuzima bwa sigmund ya Freud bwuzuye inkuru zishimishije.
- Birazwi ko psychoanalyst yatinyaga nimero 6 na 2. Umuhanga ntabwo yigeze ashimangirwa muri hoteri aho ibyumba birenga 61 byashyizwe ku rutonde. Rero, Freud yirinze gukubita "icyumba cye 'munsi yumubare" 62 ". Byongeye kandi, kubera urw'intwari ku ya 6 Gashyantare, Otirishiya ntiyasohotse hanze, atinya ibintu bibi, nk'uko umuhanga yagize ati: "Biteganijwe ko uyu munsi.
- Freud yateze amatwi gusa, urebye igitekerezo cye ari ukuri kandi ko ari byiza. Umuhanga yasabye ko abumviye disikuru nitonze. Nukuri, ntabwo inyigisho imwe yumuhanga ifitanye isano nibi bihe, kandi ibisabwa nkibindi bya psychoanastststststst yagerageje kwerekana ko biri hejuru, guhaza ubwibone.
- Kwibuka ibintu byatewe na deschiatrist ni ikindi gihe cyamayobera mumibereho ya muganga wa Muganga wa Autiriya. Umuhanga kuva mubana yibutse ibikubiye mubitabo, inyandiko n'amashusho yakundaga. Ubushobozi nk'ubwo bwafashije Fred mu Kwiga indimi. Uzwi na Otirishiya Usibye Ikidage yari azi umubare munini wizindi ndimi.
- Sigmund Freud ntabwo yigeze yitegereza abantu mumaso. Iyi mikorere yagaragaye neza kubantu bazengurutse bahuye numuganga mugihe cyubuzima. Umuhanga yirinze ibitekerezo, bityo abahagarariye imiryango ya siyansi yibwira ko uburiri buzwi cyane bwagaragaye mucyumba cya psychoanarystly afitanye isano nayi mwanya.
Urupfu
Gukomeza kwiga imirimo yubuvuzi na filozofiya, gahunda ikomeye yumunsi nigikorwa cya marike yasize ubuzima buremereye ku buzima bwa Sigmund Freud. Umunyacyubahiro wa Otirishiya warwaye kanseri.
Umubare munini w'ibikorwa kandi utabonye ibisubizo byifuzwa, Freud yabajije umuganga witabiriye gutanga serivisi no gufasha gupfa, gukuraho MUK. Muri Nzeri 1939, Dose Morphia yahagaritse ubuzima bw'umuhanga, ahemukira umubiri w'ubururu.
Mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro Fred, hashyizweho umubare munini w'ingoro z'umurage. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ikigo cyateguwe i Londres, mu nyubako umuhanga yabayeho nyuma yo kwimuka ku gahato i Vienne. Nanone, Inzu Ndangamurage na Witer Hore Freud iherereye mu mujyi wa PARDedip (Repubulika ya Ceki), mu gihugu cy'umuhanga. Ifoto yabashinze psychoanalysis ikunze kuboneka mugihe ibyabaye kurwego mpuzamahanga rwahariwe psychologiya.
Amagambo
- "Urukundo n'umurimo ni urufatiro rw'ubumuntu."
- "Igikorwa cyo gutuma umuntu nticyishimira gahunda yo kurema isi."
- "Ijwi ry'Ubutasi rituje, ariko ntirambirwa gusubiramo - kandi abakwumva baherereye."
- "Ntabwo ureka gushaka imbaraga n'icyizere imbere, ahubwo urareba wenyine. Bahoraga bahari. "
- "Muri rusange, umubare munini, urukundo ntakindi uretse gufatirwa mu mutwe ibyifuzo by'ibanze mu mibonano mpuzabitsina kugira ngo utange imibonano mpuzabitsina no kugera kuri iyi ntego no kunanirwa; Ibi ni byo bita ibibaya, urukundo rwumva. Ariko, nkuko mubizi, ibintu byabitabo ntibishobora guhinduka byoroshye. Icyizere mu gukanguka gushya cyahise gikenewe gusa birashoboka ko arimpamvu ya hafi, impamvu ifatirwa ry'imibonano mpuzabitsina yahindutse igihe kirekire kandi "gukundwa" ndetse no muri ubwo gukurura bidahari. "
- Ati: "Uyu munsi umukobwa wanjye wapfuye yari guhindura imyaka mirongo itatu n'itandatu ... dusangamo umwanya wabuze. Nubwo tuzi ko umubabaro ukaze nyuma yo guhagarika igihombo, ariko, ntituzakomeza kuba ingorabahizi kandi ntituzigera tubona umusimbura. Ibiba byose bihinduka ubusa, kabone niyo byaba bushoboye kuzuza, hasigaye ikindi kintu. Bikwiye rero. Ubu ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwo kwagura urukundo tudashaka kureka. " - Kuva mu ibaruwa Ludwig Binswanger, ku ya 12 Mata 1929.
Bibliografiya
- Gusobanura inzozi
- Inyandiko eshatu ku nyigisho y'ibitsina
- Totem na kirazira
- Psychologiya ya rubanda no gusesengura umuntu "I"
- Ejo hazaza h'ibinyoma
- Kurundi ruhande rwihame ryo kwishimisha
- I nacyo
- Intangiriro Kuri Psychoanalysis