Ubuzima
Amayobera, atandukanye, nkaho atari ku isi y'inzirakarengane, Innocent Mikhatinovsky yaremye kandi ashushanyijeho amashusho y'ubwenge, ubwenge bwubwenge.
Dukurikije kwibuka abayobozi na bagenzi bacu mukorana, ntibyashobokaga gukorana na Smoktunovsky kimwe n'abandi bakinnyi: yari umutware, umuntu wo guhanga, bityo akaba ari umutware mu buryo bwo gukora neza gusa. Kandi kubera Innocent Mikhaich, ibyo byaremwe. Kuri we gusa.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Innocent Mikhailovich yavutse muri Werurwe 1925 mu mudugudu wa Tatinovka, ko mu ntara ya Tomsk (ubungubu - mu rwego rwa Mikhaiil Petrovich na Anna Akimovna Smoktunovich, yabaye umwana wa kabiri. Ukurikije ubwenegihugu bw'Umuyahudi, ariko ikibazo cyanditse kiriya kibekeranya. Abakurambere batonze muri Siberiya nyuma yo guhagarika imisoro y'Abayahudi bo mu kinyejana cya 19.
Igihe umuhungu yari afite imyaka 4, umuryango wahunze ufite inzara ugana i Tomsk, hanyuma - muri Krasnoyarsk, aho bene bene bene wabo babaye i Smoktunovy. Ngaho, ibintu byateye imbere gato. Umutware wumuryango yakoraga nkuwaremerewe ku cyambu, Mama Sishernti yabonye uruganda rwa sosiso, ariko haracyari umuzi. Mu rwego rwo kugaburira, Anne Akimovna yagombaga kwiba mu mirimo y'amagufwa hamwe n'ibisigazwa by'inyama kandi akabikoresha mu masoko yo guteka n'umutungo.
Mu 1932, igihe inzara yageraga Krasnoyarsk, kandi Anna yirukana, abana bakuru Keshu na Voloeya bagombaga kureka ibyiringiro by byiringiro Perrovna n'umugabo we. Abashakanye badafite abana be, bakunda cyane abahungu bakundwa, kandi ubuzima bwabaye bwateye imbere.
Umwotsi wa Smoktunovsky wize nabi, ntabwo washimishijwe nibintu byishuri, berekanye kwihisha no kurakara vuba, ibyo bitameze neza rwose. Byongeye kandi, umuhungu ntiyamenye abayobozi, kandi yanagize uruhare mu mirwano. Kuba mu cyiciro cya 6, gukurikiranwa, bimaze gukundwa kuri theatre, biyandikishe mu ikinamico yishuri, ariko bidatinze irahohoterwa. Kujya kuri stage kumunsi wa premiere yikinamico, uhereye ku byishimo byingimbi, byahindutse imbere yinzu yingoroka kandi amaherezo ntigishobora gukina. Ariko, nubwo iki gice, ikinamico cyakomeje gukurura umusore. Kubwukuri no kwiyongera kwa Kesch byagerageje kubona ikinamico yumujyi.
Ibintu byari bigoye ko nta mafaranga yari afite, kandi ku bw'igikorwa cyakunzwe, umusore yagendeye ku ntambwe ziteye akaga kandi akenshi zitemewe, kugeza ku matike. Nyuma, Innokerty yabonye akazi kumurimo wigihe gito mumakinamico yimibare, hanyuma yinjira mwishuri ryubukanishi ya firime, kandi byasaga nkaho ubuzima bwakemuwe kugeza igihe ubuzima bwabaye.
Intambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu yatangiye, Data yajyanywe imbere. Umusore yahatiwe guhuza ibikorwa bisanzwe afite akazi k'igihe gito kugirango afashe umuryango, aho abana bane barezwe. Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 1942, amakuru yaje ko Mikhail Umwobo wapfuye yapfuye, nyuma y'amezi make kandi ari umwere ubwe yafashe kurwana.
Ibyerekeye iminsi yubuzima Umukinnyi Mukuru yaje gutangazwa nikiganiro na Autobiography. Mu myaka 2, umusore yashoboye gusura imbohe, aho yahunze ashimira ubufasha butunguranye bw'umusirikare umwe w'Ubudage. Innokentint yarokotse inzara, wamuvukiye mu mva, aratoroka kubera ko umuryango w'abahinzi waramuciye, bangwa, ufatana, ari no muri bose.
Mu mibereho ye yose, umwotsi b'umwotsi wihutira gushimira cyane na nyuma y'intambara ntibyatakaje abagiraneza.
Ikinamico
Intambara irangiye, Urennti yasubiye mu muryango. Umusore yongeye kugerageza ibikorwa byinshi, umusore yongeye gutura muri studio yikinamico kuri theatre ya Krasnoyarsk. Itsinda rimwe na rimwe ryatumiwe gukina mu musaruro, bidatinze Smoktunovsky yahise abona amahirwe yo kujya kuri stage.
Ariko, kubura amahugurwa yihariye: Igihe cyose umusore yanditse mugihe cyimikorere, imvugo ye yaracecetse kandi idasobanutse. Umuyobozi yagaragaje ko umukinnyi watsinzwe, ashubije kimwe kandi afite ubwoba. Kubera amakimbirane ahoraho, mugihe kitarenze umwaka, Unonkenti yirukanwe muri theatre.
Mugushakisha umunezero, umwotsi wa Smoktunovsky wagiye muri Norilsk, aho yagira amahirwe yo gutura mu icumbi ya kabiri ya Polar ya mu muziki n'ikinamico. Muri icyo gihe, ahinekanye yahinduye izina rya Smoktunovich ku izina ry'irihimba, aho abari aho bazi. Bavuga ko umuyobozi wubuhanzi wumukino yashimangiye ibi. Abandi bavuga ko izina ry'umukinnyi ryahindutse ku bushake kugira ngo atajyanywe Umuyahudi.
Muri Norilsk, tubikesha inkunga ya bagenzi bacu, umwotsi wa Smoktunovsky watose ishuri ririmo, ryakuyeho gufata umwanzuro kandi amaherezo washoboye guhishura nk'umuhanzi uteye ubwoba. Hafi ya ako kanya Innocent yatangiye kwakira inshingano ziyobowe.
Buhoro buhoro, ikirere cyo mu majyaruguru cyatangiye gutesha agaciro ubuzima bw'umukinnyi, kandi umwotsi wa Smoktunovsky uhatirwa kunguranagura Norwark kuri Makhachkala. Ngaho, umukinnyi yashoboye kwinjira muri Dagestan ikinamico y'Uburusiya, ariko bidatinze naracecetse nta nshingano zishimishije kandi mu mwaka utaha nimuka, muri icyo gihe, aho igihe kimwe cyo kugarura ubuzima bwatangiye.
Kuba wagize uruhare mu gikinisho "hamwe n'uruhare rwa pompe", Ukwezi kwabashoboye kwitabwaho ku binyamakuru kandi bigaragarira nk'umukinnyi ushobora "gukuramo" no gukora akantu gato no gukora uruhara ruto. Undya Smoktunovsky yatangiye kubashushanya andi mashusho akomeye kandi bidatinze abaye ikinamico. Ariko buhoro buhoro yongera amakimbirane hagati yumukinnyi numuyobozi mukuru wa Gorky Theatre. Nyuma, Urennti yakubise umugore we wakoraga muri theatre, maze abara ibyatsi byanyuma. Muri Mutarama 1955, umuhanzi yararetse ajya i Moscou.
Smoktunovsky yananiwe guhita ashimangira muri kimwe mu makinamico ikomeye. Mu gihe cy'amezi atari make, umukinnyi yagurishije ibintu byawe bwite, yamaranye kandi akanagirana n'abakunzi ba Marekov, hanyuma mu ndenda yitiriwe Lenin Kombemar, yakoraga ku mafaranga make.
Urenganya yarokoye abamenyereye Sulamifi kusnir, umugore uzaza. Impuhwe ku musore, umukobwa, wakoraga nk'umuhanzi - kwisiga, yamumenyesheje Ivan Pyriev, wateguye umuhanzi kuri theteri-studio ya firime.
Mu 1957, mu cyubahiro, umwotsi uhuye nazo wakiriye uruhare rw'Igikomangoma myshkin mu rwego rwo gushyiraho "Idiot" muri theatre nini. Bitewe n'uruhare, icyubahiro cyaje kubakinnyi, kandi atari i Moscou gusa, ahubwo no muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti.
Ubumwe bwa Geniyev Georgy Tovstonov na Sonkentia Smoktunovsky Bworoshye. Innocent yatangiye gukora muri BDT, acuranga inshingano nyamukuru mubitaramo byinshi. Muri icyo gihe, umuhanzi yatangiye kuba filime. Bidatinze, byabaye ko kubera ko gufata amashusho, umwotsi wa smoktunovsky watinze mugihe cya shampiyona muri theatre ya kavukire. Ashyushye-yerekana Tovstonov yirukanye umukinnyi. Byabaye mu 1960.
Muri theatre yinzirakarengane yagarutse muri 70 gusa no kumyaka 20 yakurikiyeho, yakinnye nibikorwa byinshi, akomeza kandi adakwiye icyubahiro cye. Duet nyabake ya Smoktunovsky na Oleg Efremova bari batandukanye cyane.
Kugeza ku myaka yashize, Unkentia Mikhaiach, inshuti ebyiri zakinnye hamwe.
Film
Kuva mu myaka ya za 1960, umukinnyi yakinnye cyane muri sinema, amashusho ya Smoktunovsky akora ibyiza nigice cy'amabati. ThitaUvsky ati: "Abavugizi batazibagirana mu mafilime bafite igihembo cya San Sebastiya, Hamlet, ahabwa igihembo cya Lenin. Uruhare rwa petrophrys petrovich muri "ubugizi bwa nabi n'igihano" byagaragaye nigihembo cya leta cya RSFR.
Amagambo ya "umuhanzi uzwi cyane" kuva muri Melodrama Vladimir Menshov "Moscou ntabwo yemera ko amarira" yahindutse umwe mu magambo yavuzwe muri Oscarone. Abakenguzamateka bavuze ko ubugizi bwa nabi mu rurimi rwa Nyirara "hamwe na Alexander Abdulov bazarushaho kugira uruhare kandi bemeza abatware nyabo ba Mafiya.
Muri TV usibye "Mozart na Salieri", umwotsi wa Smoktunovsky wongeye kubahiriza umuhimbyi mwiza, mu "bagizi ba nabi" - usanzwe muri mwarimu n'Uyobora, wafatwagaho umwicanyi we.
Birashoboka, kubera ubu bushobozi budasanzwe bwo guhuza ubwitonzi nubwenge bukomeye, kandi rimwe na rimwe ubugome bwa Smoktunovsky bushingiye ku nyuguti igoramye cyangwa imwe yo kugenda gusa yahatiwe gupima mu gice cy'igice cyangwa, ku buryo, kuri kwiruka utitaye. Iterambere ryinshi (CM 184) naryo ryatekerejweho nkuburyo bwo kwimurira icyubahiro na status.
Ntabwo bitazibagirana byagaragaye na Minisitiri w'intebe w'intebe w'Ubwongereza mu ruhererekane rw'Ubwongereza "Amavuko ya Sherlock Holmes na Dr. Watson" - ubwoko bwo guhuza icyongereza no gushyuha mu icupa rimwe.
Ukuntu Umwami we Justinian yakundaga cyane mu ikinamico "rus Primey", amwenyuka, yohereje abayoborwa kugeza apfuye, guverineri wa Irkutsk muri "inyenyeri ishimishije."
Mubuzima bwo guhanga, ensemble hamwe na smoktunovsky byari abatari bakomeye. Mu rubanza, "ubujura" ku gikiza cya Jack London Innocents yakinnye muri Tandem na Anastasiskaya, muri Anna na Komanda - hamwe na Alice Freindlich, hamwe na Tatiana Vasisva. Muri firime Sergey Gerasimov "Abakobwa" umukinnyi wakinnye uwo bashakanye wa Tamara Makarova na Padiri Liriya Udovichenko.
Imishinga iheruka yakomeje kugaragara nyuma y'urupfu rwa Nnonokentia Mikhaiaich. Urugero, "vino yavuye mu kana", aho uruhare rwa Smoktunovsky rwagombaga guhishurira na Sergey Bezrukov, kubera ko batabonye umwanya wo kwandika neza.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ibisobanuro byubuzima bwumuntu ku giti cye Umuhanzi wa Leta zunze ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti basangiye mu kiganiro. Ubukwe bwa mbere bwa Firekentia hamwe na mugenzi wawe ku cyiciro cya Roman Bovkov yamaze imyaka 2. Buhoro buhoro, ubwiza bwakonje ku bashakanye kandi ashimishwa n'undi mugabo. Umwotsi wa Smoktunovsky ntabwo watsinze ibintu nk'ibi, gutandukana n'umugore we, bajya i Moscou, aho yahuriye Sulaminis Kusnir.
Uyu mukobwa, arambura ukuboko ubufasha bw'umukinnyi ubabaye, amaherezo yaje kuba mugenzi we ubuzima.
Abana batatu bavukiye muri ubu bukwe. Nyuma ya Nadia yapfuye amezi 6 nyuma yo kuvuka. Umwana wa kabiri mu 1957 yabaye umuhungu wa Filipo. Umukobwa wa Mariya yagaragaye ku bashakanye mu 1965. Innokenty Mikhaiarevich yashakaga ko abana bakomeza ingoma yabo, ariko abato bato banywa inzoga ntibakundaga ikinamico nka Data.
Nibyo, Mariya, wabyinnye mu ikinamico ya Bolshoi, hanyuma yerekeza mu nzu ndangamurage ya Maschat, ashoboye gucana mu bishushanyo by'ibishushanyo "Sukhovo-Kobylin", "umudozi w'imana". Filipo yabaye umusemuzi. Mu kirenge cya sekuru, Anastasia, wavukiye mu muryango wa Filipiya na Ballerina Olga Buckevich yagiye mu muryango wa Filipiya. Umukobwa akina muri Armen Dzigarkhanyan Theatre.
Nk'uko umukobwa we Smoktunovsky yizeraga ko mu busore bwe mu Mana, gukusanya amashusho, kuko yaturutse ku majwi yafashwe mu majwi "Bibiliya." Filime yimyaka 15 yinjiye ku gipangu, hanyuma hasohokaga amasahani nkeya hasohoka, ni izihe minisiteri yagumye, kandi ibyo bibitswe mu bubiko bwihariye bw'abafana. Inyandiko ziraboneka kumurongo, aho anokentiy Mikhailovich yasomye fushkin, cartwentes, chekhov, Dostoevy.
Urupfu
Impamvu y'urupfu rwa Smoktunovsky muri Kanama 1994 yari igitero cy'umutima. Iyabanjirije, ukurikije inkuru z'abakunzi, umukubite wagarutse muri Werurwe. Ntabwo bivuze, gukomeza kurasa mumashusho "ibiruhuko byera" n "izuba rikurura". Byongeye kandi, muri bombi barengana, Mikhailovich yakinnye abantu bakuze, ubuzima bwe burimo kurangira. Ndangije, nagiye kuri Sanatori, na nyuma yiminsi ibiri nashakaga gusubira murugo. Abavandimwe bageze gufata umuhanzi umaze gupfuye - ntabwo yarokotse indwara ya kane y'umutima.
Gusezera kumukinnyi uzwi cyane wanyuze muri mkate yitiriwe chekhov. Abari bahari noneho bibukije ifoto yerekanwe kuri stage: "Umuganwa w'igikomangoma Myshkin." Imva ya Fighttunovsky iherereye ku irimbi rya Novodevichy, kumurongo umwe hamwe na Olegabov na Ivan Kozlovsky.
Filmography
- 1969 - "Icyaha n'igihano"
- 1970 - "Nyirarume Vanya"
- 1974 - "Anna na Komanda"
- 1975 - "Inyenyeri yo Gutsimbararamutwe"
- 1979 - "Moscou ntabwo yemera amarira"
- 1982 - "Ubujura"
- 1985 - "Abana b'izuba"
- 1985 - "Inkuru idasanzwe ya Dr. Jekila na Bwana Heyda"
- 1987 - "Abari bambere, imbere!"
- 1990 - "Ladd Umudodo"
- 1990 - "Umutego wumuntu wigunze"
- 1993 - "Umwicanyi"
- 1994 - "Ikiruhuko cyera"