Ubuzima
Amazina ya Andrei Tarkovsky yanditswe mu mateka ya Sinema y'Abasoviyeti, yabaye umwe mu bantu bakomeye bo mu filime. Amashusho yo gusenga "Solaris" n '"indorerwamo" aragerageza gusenya ibikurikiranye mu magufwa, mu gihe bisobanukirwa neza ko bidashoboka gukuraho ikintu nk'imbaraga z'ubugingo burerure.
Mubuzima bwe, umuyobozi yahawe ubumenyi ntabwo ari mu gihugu cye, ahubwo no ku isi hose, bitabaye bisanzwe mu buhanzi bwafunzwe mu nzego z'igihugu kimwe. Imyaka ya nyuma, Tarkovsky yamaze kurenga imipaka yubumwe bwa Soviet kandi, bitandukanye na bagenzi benshi, yakemuye ku ntambwe nk'iyi, yagumanye ubuyobozi bw'abayobozi.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Andrei Tarkovsky yavukiye mu gahanga mu karere gato k'umudugudu w'akarere ka Kostroma, aho umuryango wari uri mu bene wabo wa Mary Maria Ivanovna. Se wa Andrei yari umusizi, umwanditsi n'umusemuzi wa Arseny AlekSandrovich Tarkovsky, mu ntangiriro ya 30 asanzwe azwi cyane muhanzi. Nyuma y'amezi make amaze kuvuka k'Umwana, Tirkov asubira i Moscou. Mu 1934, Andrei yari afite mushiki wa Marina.
Ubwana bwumuhungu bwarababaje. Iyo umwana yujuje imyaka 4, se yavuye mu muryango undi mugore. Mama Maria Ivanovna wenyine yakuruye abana babiri. Mushikiwabo w'umuyobozi mu kiganiro yibukije ko yatewe ubwoba. Andrei ubwe yabwiye ko rwose yaribuze se, nubwo umusizi yagerageje kutibagirwa umuryango wa mbere.
Mu ntambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu, Maria Ivanovna n'abana barimuwe na bene wabo i Yureyvts, ariko iminyanyiruka vuba yagarutse i Moscou. Andrei yahawe ishuri ry'umuziki aho umuhungu yiganye gucuranga piyano.
Mu busore bwe, yitabiriye kandi amasomo yubuhanzi yize ashushanya amasomo. Nyuma yo kurekurwa mu kigo rusange cy'uburezi, uwo musore yinjiye mu kigo cy'ubushakashatsi bw'iburasirazuba, aho yize umuco w'Abarabu.
Numarasoye umwaka wa 1, Andrei yajyanye ibya kaminuza, avuga ko iki cyemezo cyihutiye guhitamo umwuga. Kuba udafite umutekano muguhitamo inzira yawe, umusore tarkovsky yavuganye nabantu badafite ubushishozi. Ubuzima bwibyamamare bwazamutse. Muri icyo kibazo, umusore yarokoye nyina, mu 1953, watuye umuhungu we mugenzi we muri vnia ibyuma na zahabu.
Mu rwego rwo gukora urugendo rwa geologiya, Tarkovsky yagiye mu nyanja ya Taiga, aho yamaze umwaka mu bwigunge ku isi, gukora no gukora ibishushanyo muri kamere.
Film
Gusubira mu rugendo, Andrei atanyeganyega yaje kuri VGIK mu ishami ry'abayobozi. Curator ya Tarkovsky yabaye umutware wa Cinema, nyir'ibiciro byinshi bya Staliniste Mikhail Iltich Romm. Yafashe abigishwa bose hamwe n'urukundo rwa se no kumwitaho, buri gihe abasha kumenya ibishushanyo bizaza mu murimo wo mu gisekuru gito, nubwo ibitekerezo byabo bivuguruza ibye. Byari bimeze rero hamwe na Tarkovsky.
Umusore yagize amahirwe kabiri: ku nshuro ya mbere, kubera ko yageze kuri Romm, no mu bya kabiri - mu gihe cya politiki n'imibereho y'icyo gihe. Muri icyo gihe, habaye umwaka umaze gupfa. Icyuma gifashe ubutegetsi kiruhutse mu buryo runaka, byashobokaga kungurana ibitekerezo hamwe na bagenzi bacu b'abanyamahanga kandi bigakora kuri sinema y'iburengerazuba.
Byafashwe byemejwe kongera umubare wa firime zafashwe. Umusaruro wa firime wa USSR wakoze ku mpande nshya Andrei Tarkovsky yashoboye guhishurira kandi ashushanya abantu be. Ariko nyuma.
Ubuzima bwo guhanga bwa Tarkovsky bwatangiye mu 1956. Umushinga wa mbere wubuyobozi bwa firime ni firime ngufi ku nkuru ya ernest heming. Noneho hariho ibindi bishushanyo byinshi byimiterere.
Usanzwe noneho umunyeshuri yaranzwe nkimpano zidasanzwe kandi zihanura ejo hazaza. Kandi tuziranye na Andrei Konchalovsky, binjiye VGIK mu 1956, byagaragaye ko ari imbuto zikomeye kandi bifite akamaro kubanyeshuri bombi. Bose hamwe bashizeho abagera kuri firime kandi ejo hazaza bahoraga bahana uburambe.
Ikigo cyasohoye ibintu by'ingenzi bya Tarkovsky-Umuyobozi wa Tarkovsky: Adlegogoc, icyifuzo cyo kuzamuka no kugenda nta gisubizo gisobanutse ibibazo by'imibereho n'ibibazo, yitonze umucyo n'ijwi, akaba ari yo yitonze umushyitsi mu kimenyetso .
Mu 1960, Tirkovsky yarangije amasomo ye muri kaminuza, ahabwa impamyabumenyi n'icyubahiro ahita atangira gukora. Umuyobozi yatekerezaga ku byerekeye gushyiraho film "Andrei Rublev" maze abisaba icyifuzo cy'inama y'ubuhanzi, ariko niho inzobere ya Nouvice yagoswe kandi igaburira ibintu nk'ibi.
Inyandiko y'ishusho yasubitswe mu gasanduku, kandi Tarkovsky ubwe yafashe undi mushinga - "Ivanovo wo mu bwami -" ivanovo mu bwana ", yari yagenewe gushyiraho umuyobozi uzwi. Umuyobozi yagombaga gukora filime kubura amafaranga nigihe.
Kumwaka utuzuye, abarangije ejo bafashe ifoto itangaje yatsindiye ibihembo bibiri ku bakinnyi ba firime, barimo "intare ya zahabu" mu iserukiramuco ry'ikigereranyo rya Venetiya.
Nyuma yo gutsinda cyane mu bwana bwa Ivanov, Andrei Tarkovsky yatangiye gukora kuri filime "Andrei Rublev". Iki gihe, injyanama yubuhanzi yemeje ko hakoreshejwe umuyobozi ukiri muto. Tarkovsky yakoranye na Operator Vadim Yusov na Omposer VYLELAV OVCHINNIKOV. Iyi Trio yo guhanga yanzwe hafi kugeza apfuye.
Andrei Konchalovsky yagize uruhare mubikorwa ku nyandiko. Iyi filime ivuga kubyerekeye umumonaki-agashusho yabaye umurimo wo gusenga muri Leta zunze ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti. Kandi na none ifoto yumuyobozi ukiri muto yahuje ibihembo byinshi haba murugo ndetse no hanze yacyo.
Mu 1979, Andrei yahuye na Rozady Rozady "Picnic ya Boris Strugatingky" kuruhande rwumuhanda. Inzira igana kuri Viewer yahindutse igihe kirekire: verisiyo yambere ya firime nziza "Stalker" yapfuye kubera ikosa rya tekiniki, yagombaga kurenga inshuro eshatu, hamwe nabashinzwe kubakora. Clearovet Goskino yahaye ifoto icyiciro cya 3 gusa kandi yemerera kopi 196 gusa. Ibi bivuze ko abari aho bateranye ari bike.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, mu mwaka wa Andrei, abantu miliyoni 4 babibonye, mu birori bya Kantilandi, kaseti yahawe igihembo cy'abacamanza mpuzamahanga. Kuri enterineti iracyandika isubiramo ry'ubuhanga bwa Umuyobozi, warebye filime inshuro 100 kandi ntiyumva ko ashimishije cyane.
Umuyobozi wa Danemark Porne von Trier yemeye ko yategetswe na mugenzi w'Uburusiya ku giti cy'Uburusiya ku giti cye cyabaye kuri uyu mwuga, yitegereza ibitekerezo bya Tarkovsky, yahoraga asenga ibikoresho, kandi buri gihe yasengaga ibitekerezo, kandi buri gihe yasengaga ibitekerezo bya Tarkovsk, buri gihe yasengaga ibitekerezo, kandi buri gihe yasengaga ibitekerezo bya Tarkovsk, buri gihe yasengaga ibitekerezo, kandi buri gihe yasengaga ibitekerezo bya Targovsky, buri gihe yasengaga ibitekerezo bya Tarkovsk, buri gihe yasengaga ibitekerezo, kandi buri gihe yasengaga ibitekerezo bya Tarkovsk, buri gihe yasengaga ibikoresho, na "muri rusange film ukunda.
By the way, Andrei yashoboye kumenyera kuri Triirovsky "ikintu cy'icyaha" kandi, nk'itangazamakuru kwandika, yashubije kubyerekeye umushinga utabogamye.
Vadim Yushov yanze kurasa "indorerwamo" - ntabwo yemeye ifoto. Inyandiko ya firime yubatswe ku bisobanuro bya Tarkovsky, kandi umukoresha wamenye umuryango wa umuyobozi, yizeraga ko ingingo zimwe zitahuye n'ukuri, ariko ntukosore na Andrei Kamere ya Andrei.
Urugero rwa "nostalgia" Tarkovsky rwanditse hamwe na Tonino Guerra, abanditsi bakozwe no gufata amashusho. Ku munsi wa Cannes mu 1983, filime yakiriye ibihembo 3 - igihembo cya fipresi, kubayobozi ndetse no mu bihugu bya Ecumenicacal. Kandi icyarimwe, ibibazo byatangiye. Nk'uko inkuru z'Umuhungu za Andrei, Sergey Bondartwiruka yagerageje gutesha agaciro Data. Na Tarkovsky, wari ufite indi mishinga 14 mishya, yamenye ko muri USSR itashyizwe mu bikorwa mu bintu byuzuye bya firime, ikaguma mu Butaliyani.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Hamwe n'umugore wa mbere, umukinnyi wa Kirma uri Rauch, umuyobozi uzaza yateraniye mu mwaka wa mbere wa VGIKA. Roman yahise vuba, nyuma y'ibyumweru bibiri byo gukundana Andrei batangiye kwita ku mukobwa, kandi yashubije abishaka gusubiza hamwe no gusubiranamo. Umwaka wa 3 urangiye, abo bashakanye bagize ubukwe, umuhungu wa Arseny yavukiye mu muryango.
Abashakanye batandukanijwe munsi yimyaka 10. Abakuru basinziriye mu Genius Cinema aba muri Venise, babaye umuganga ubaga, umuhungu we witwa Andrey. Kubwamahirwe, ifoto y'abazungura kuri uyu murongo ntabwo zitangazwa.
Umugore wa kabiri w'Umuyobozi yabaye Larisga Kizilova, mugenzi wawe Tarkovsky. Ikibazo cyabayenye nacyo kugeza gupfa, kwinezeza n'umukobwa wa Olga. Mu bashakanye, bari bafite umuhungu usanzwe Andrei. Umwana ntiyigeze amuha umuryango wa Natalia Bondartwick, umuhanuzi w'uruhare rw'ikiremwa cya Hari muri SolyarAris.
Dukurikije ibihuha, Liliya, wari uzi ko umugabo we yaguye, yakanguye ko Tarkovsky atabona umuhungu. Noneho Andrei aba muri Florence, afata umwanya wa Perezida w'ikigo mpuzamahanga cy'ikigo mpuzamahanga, kikaba izina rya Data. Olga yashakanye na Umutaliyani, ariko Paris yahisemo aho atuye.
Urundi rupapuro ruvuye mubuzima bwite rwumuyobozi wa firime nikibazo na Valentina Malyavina. Imyitwarire hamwe na Umukinnyi watangiye nyuma yo gukina uruhare runini mu bwana bwa Ivanov, hanyuma Planique ntiyagiye.
Valya yashakanye na Alexander ZBruev, Tarkovsky yashakanye. Umugabo mu rukundo yakoze icyifuzo, ariko Malyavina yashubije yanze aranga:
"Nakunze ubwenge, ntabwo nkunda umuntu."Andrei magnetism yumvise umuhanzi mumyambarire y'abahimbano baturutse muri Noruveje, ikorana na crew ya firime "igitambo". Umuhungu wa Alegizandere, wavutse kuri iyi nsuzuma, ntiyabonye Data uzwi.
Urupfu
Imyaka ya nyuma y'ubuzima, umuyobozi yakoresheje i Milan, aho yakuye "igitambo". Kugira ngo icyemezo cyo kuguma mu burengerazuba bwa USSR, USSR yihutiye gukubita Andrei Arsevich mu mateka ya cinema ya Soviet, ariko ahindura icyemezo cyo kumenya indwara ya Matra.
Tarkovsky yitabye Imana mu Kuboza 1986, icyateye urupfu ni kanseri y'ibihaha. Isuzuma ryica ryashyizweho, Yoo, ku cyiciro cya nyuma. Ubufasha mu kuvura bwatanzwe na Marina Vlad, yafashe umuyobozi igihe yazaga ku ivuriro rya Paris. Ariko imbaraga zabaye impfabusa.
Imva ya Tarkovsky iherereye ku irimbi rya St. Geneviev de Boua, aho abantu bazwi baturutse mu Burusiya baruhutse.
Izina rya Andrei Arsengivich ryahawe Boulevard muri Moscou nshya na iyi si nkeya. Ahantu yari atuye, ingoro ndangamurage, ibicurane byirwibutso birakinguye, inzibutso. Muri Ivanovo, indorerwamo "ibirori" byitiriwe Tarkovsky nyuma ya Tarkovsky, mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Moscou, film nziza itangwa na igihembo cya Andrei Tarkovsky.
Filmography
- 1960 - "SKRITEKA NA Velin"
- 1962 - "Ivanovo Woveran"
- 1966 - "Andrei Rublev"
- 1968 - "Amahirwe amwe"
- 1972 - "SOLARIS"
- 1974 - "Indorerwamo"
- 1979 - "Stalker"
- 1983 - "nostalgia"
- 1986 - "Igitambo"