Ubuzima
Alfred Hitchcock - Umuyobozi wa Filime ya Amerika n'Ubwongereza, Producer, Mugaragaza. Izina ry'umuyobozi rifitanye isano na firime ziteye ubwoba, shitingi nigitekerezo cyo guhagarika.
Alfred Hitchcock, umwami uzaza uteye ubwoba, yavutse muri Kanama 1899 muri Letonstone, mu nkengero za Londres. Alfred ni umwana wa gatatu mu muryango w'Abagatolika William Hitchkok na Emma Jane Wylen. Papa yakoranye n'umuhenga, Mama yishora mu nzu no kurera abana.
Abana bari abanyamadini cyane, abana basuye kaminuza ya Yudait. Ngaho, Alfred Hichkok yize Depitation y'ibanze, itera imbere mu kwiga igifaransa n'umuziki.
Mu 1914, Hitchcock abaye umunyeshuri w'ishuri ry'ubwumvikanywe bushingiye kuri Londres no kunangira, aho umwaka wigishije hamwe na siyansi n'ubukanishi. Ariko icyarimwe yize amateka yubuhanzi muri kaminuza ya London. Ishuri rye ryagombaga guhagarikwa ku myaka 15 igihe se yapfaga. Umwangavu yatsinze amasomo yo gushushanya no guhinduka, atangira gukora. Umuhungu yaramenyeshejwe kandi afunze. Inshuti n'abakobwa bakobwa ntibatangiye. Mama niwe muntu wenyine wizeye alfred. Buri mugoroba umuhungu mbere yo kuryama yabwiye nyina arambuye kumunsi washize.
Mu 1915, Hichkok yagiye ku bakorerabushake, ariko umubyibuho ukabije ntiyemereraga kwitabira ibikorwa by'intambara. Alfred yasigaye mu bubiko, yigisha urubanza rutunguranye.
Carier Tangira
Mu 1920, umusore yabonye akazi ko mu mashanyarazi muri stuodio ya firime, ariko nyuma y'amezi, aho yakoraga nk'umuhanzi n'umutwe w'igitabo cy'abakinnyi bazwi - isosiyete ya fils.
Amakarita ashushanya hamwe namazina yabakinnyi kumazina - kumwanya wambere wumwuga, umurimo w'ingenzi wa alfred, ariko nyuma umusore ushoboye ubwe yatangiye guhimba inyandiko no gufasha abayobozi.
Gukora mu bakinnyi bazwi - Lasky yahinduye iherezo rya Hitchcock, kuko mu 1921, muri iyi sosiyete, umwanya wa montager wakira Alma Rella, umugore uzaza k'umuyobozi wa film.
Film
Mu 1922, Alfred Hitchkok yagize icyo akora mu nganda za firime nk'ubwoko. Hamwe na mugenzi we, Hyo Kreuz yarashe firime ebyiri: "Buri gihe vuga umugore wawe," Urwego rwawe rwagaragaye, kimwe na "nimero 13", gufata amashusho itarangiye.
Ubuzima bwa Alfred Hichkok bwatangiye mu 1925 nyuma yo gufata amashusho "ubusitani bw'ibyishimo", ariko filime ya mbere mu ntera yaka yagaragaye mu 1926. Ishusho yitwa "Zhilts". Hichkoku ni uw'ijwi rya mbere b'Ubwongereza "Blackmail", byagaragaye kuri ecran mu 1929.
Mu bihe biri imbere, hitchcock irasa andi mafilime. Tape "Umugabo wari uzi byinshi", yasohowe kuri ecran mu 1934, yabaye umurimo uzwi w'Umuyobozi.
Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose yatangiye, ntiyigeze yemera ko Hichkoku yatanga umwanya wo kubyara mu Bwongereza, ubwo yajyaga i Hollywood. Umwigisha mu misozi ya Beverly, aje ku kazi kuri Producer wa David Selznik. Ubufatanye bwabo ntibushobora kwitwa ibicu, nubwo Selznik, nubwo yatanze inkunga yo gufata amashusho no kumurika neza mu binyamakuru, ariko akabangamira akazi ka Hichkok. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, Rebecca, ishusho ya mbere ya Hollywood ya Alfred Hichkok, yamenyekanye nk'igituba cyiza k'umwaka kandi cyakiriye Oscar.
Mu 1948, film yambere ya Hichkok yagaragaye mumabara. Tape yasohotse munsi yizina "umugozi". Abakinnyi n'abanenga ndetse n'abanenga bizihije ibiyobyabwenge byo gukurura amashusho ya "imbeho", muri bo harimo abashinzwe kuba umugani Marlene Dietrich, Grace Kelly Dietrich, Grace Kelly, Kim Novak na Vera Miles.
Impinga ya Film ya Masters ya Masters izwiho imyaka 50 yikinyejana cya makumyabiri, mugihe umuyobozi ari muri zenith apresti. Mu 1953, film "Ndatuye", kandi muri Mata 1955, yarimo adukandagura ubwenegihugu. Muri iki gihe, ifoto "idirishya ku gikari" na "ukinanga" na "umutwe" waje ku rufatiro rwa Zahabu rwa Claque ya Sinema y'isi. Bidatinze, hitchcock yerekanye Abakozi ba Teleillers "Psycho" n '"inyoni", ndetse n'Abanyamerika "umuntu wo mu majyepfo".
Guhera ku gishushanyo "Marny", firime za Hollywood Master of Marlicks na "sisitemu iteye ubwoba" babona ko bakonje n'abateranye ndetse n'abanenga bo muri Amerika. Ariko mu Bufaransa Hichkok - ikigirwamana n'umugani. Ari murugo abanenga igifaransa, abari aho bahagaze kumurongo munini kugirango babone amashusho mashya, kandi umuyobozi Truffo, Shabrol na De Palma ndetse baramwigana.
Mu 1976, Alfred Hichkoka "Ubugambanyi bw'umuryango" bwasohotse. Nyuma yimyaka 3, Ikigo cyabanyamerika cya Kamera ya Cinema cyatanze igihembo "kugirango agere kubuzima bwose."
Gutandukana kwa psychical
Ababyeyi ba Hitchcock bareze abana muburyo bukomeye. Igihe kimwe, Alfred kuri Prank ntoya yarafunzwe na Se mu cyumba cya polisi. Muri icyo gihe, umwana ntiyari azi ko azarekurwa mu minota 10 kandi yari azi neza ko ari imbere. Ingaruka z'igihano n'abashakashatsi ku bashakashatsi n'abashakashatsi bari mu bizima by'Umuyobozi mukuru, babaye mu buzima bwe bwo gutinya abapolisi. Mu bihe biri imbere, hitchcock ntabwo yigeze yirukana imodoka, atinya kugera kuri sitasiyo ya polisi.
Gutinya gutotezwa no guhanwa kurenganya akenshi birahari mumashusho yumuyobozi mwiza. Abayo mugihe babwiraga ko bareba gusa yasaga nkumuntu ushimishije, ariko iki gitekerezo cyarazimiye nikiganiro cyaciwe.
Mu busore bwa mbere, ishyaka rya Alfred ryasuraga mu nkiko z'i Londres, aho yari afunzwe, yari yicaye amasaha menshi mu materaniro, yumva inzira mu byaha biteye ubwoba. Nejejwe no gusura inzu ndangamurage z'inshinjabyaha, urebye neza iyicarubozo iyicarubozo. Basanzwe bashaje, Hitchkok yabwiye inshuti ze ko yahimbye uburyo bwo kuniga umugore ukuboko kumwe. Kandi nasomye inzira ngufi igaragara ya necrophilia.
Byongeye kandi, umuyobozi mu myaka yashize yavumbuye ubundi gutandukana mu mutwe: Ntibisanzwe Ohobios - Gutinya ibintu bimeze mu buryo bw'amagi n'urukundo rwo kugira isuku ku busazi.
Urwenya rufatika
Sir Alfred Joseph Hichkok yari urwenya runaka. Yashoboraga guha umukinnyi udakinguye impumuro y'amafi, magana magana arenga. Igihe umukinnyi wa filie Melanie Griftith yari umukobwa w'imyaka 5, Hichkok yamushyikirije ku mukino w'amavuko mu isambu ye yo gukinisha, kandi igikinisho cyakundaga Mama Melanie, yarimo ashimangiraga. Kandi nyagasani Alfred yakundaga gusetsa abashyitsi be, afata umusego ku ntebe, yatanze amajwi ateye isoni.
Mu 1953, abashyitsi bageze ku ifunguro rya Hichkok bashakishijwe biteye ubwoba n'amasahani yitwa "Jeanne ku makara y'abagore", "abategarugori bakubise intoki."
Byinshi muri byose byatanzwe kuva kuri Brilliant Saamberry kubarinzi b'ubwiza, ashobora kuzanwa byoroshye guhungabana. Ntabwo ari uko umuyobozi yabujije mu buryo bweruye ko umukinnyi wa Kingrid witwa Bergman, wafashwe amashusho mu gishushanyo "icyubahiro kibi", mukundana ubusa.
Afite amezi menshi yagaragaye muri firime ye "ntabwo ari uwo muntu," amezi menshi, akesha ibibyimba n'inzamwasa, yatwitse, adakoresheje. Hanyuma iyo umukinnyi umaze gushaka. Kubanga umukinnyi wa fissique, Hedren Hitchcock yateguye kugenzura. Byongeye kandi, kubera kwangwa no gusubira inyuma, iterabwoba ryo kurimbuka no gushira ku isi y'umuryango we.
Hichkok's arwasi ya Hichkok avuga ko umuntu wenyine washoboye gushyira mu mwanya wa squalon yangiritse na scubare, yari ubuntu Kelly. Kubera iyo jambo, yashubije ko yari amaze kumva aya magambo, kuko na we yize mu ishuri ry'idini.
Umuntu hitchkoka
Hichkok ubwe yavuze ko amashusho yari ahagarariwe ninsanganyamasoni.
Mu kiganiro yagize ati: "Niba narashe" Cinderella ", abari aho bari gutegereza umurambo munsi yigitanda cye."Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ntabwo imirimo yose ya Shebuja yahagarika imbaraga itera ubwoba, yibutsa abarigeze mu nzozi ziteye ubwoba. Intangiriro kuva hafi 60 yuzuye-yuzuye amashusho yerekana amashusho, ariko hariho n'ibisimba biremwe mubyaremwe byicyanga comene, kandi ibi ni ibintu byose bitari ibintu mubikorwa byibyamamare.
Urutonde rwumuyobozi utekereza cyane kandi uratandukanye. Abakenguzanywa n'impuguke bavuze inshuro nyinshi ikintu gishimishije mu murimo wa Hitchcock ni umwirondoro we ubwe.
Umusanzu muri cinema
Umuyobozi wa firime yerekanwe ku isi icyegeranyo kinini cy'abaterankunga batandukanye, kandi gusuzuma ibivugwamo bimwe na bimwe bifatwa nk'ibyiza mu mateka. Hitchcock yerekanye impano nubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu byimitekerereze, muburyo bwihariye buhinduka umujinya, hamwe na politiki na stic.Filime "Umugozi" tekereza hejuru mumyitozo yo guhanga. Ikirere gihari, psychoanalysis yabasore babiri b'indandi bakiri bato bahinduka urugero abandi bayobozi ba none bakurikiranye.
Mu 1951, NUAR-Filime "Abatazi muri gari ya moshi", kubwizina rye ryihisha abantu benshi muri we, kandi ntibishoboka kumenya ikintu runaka. Alfred yasubiye muburyo bwirabura n'umweru, ariko iki gihe gusa kubwo kwandikwa umwijima wuzuye, kutagira ibyiringiro n'ubwoba.
Ndibuka abafana n'umuyobozi "ubwicanyi aho ndi mu rukundo." Rurema yerekanye icyegeranyo cyinkuru ziteye ubwoba zamenyekanye cyane muri Amerika.
"Alfred Hichkok n'amarebera atatu" - Ibindi bipimo by'ibitabo byatanzwe na firime, abakunzi b'ubuhanga bw'ubwenge bwavuze inshuro zirenze imwe. Dore abantu nyamukuru abahungu batatu b'ingimbi, kimwe n'Ubuyobozi ubwe, wanditse iperereza.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima bwihariye bwa Alfred Hitchkok ihujwe numugore wenyine - Alma Revalle, yabayeho imyaka 55. Ntabwo ari ihuriro ry'abakunda abantu, bidatinze imigati ibiri bakunda kurasa. Alma - blonde idahwitse yakoranye na Alfred, wari wasobanukiwe n'uwo bashakanye meza na Poluslov.
Benshi mu binyarwanda bafatwaga kuri Hichkok hamwe n'umugore ufite umugore, bitondera umurage c'igice cinemati, wabaye icyemezo cyemeza. Ni bangahe ubwiza n'ubugome budasanzwe n'ubugome "bwishe" bakishe ".
Mu bashakanye na Alma, umukobwa wa Revul Patricia yagaragaye. Bavuga ko urukundo no gusobanukirwa na se n'umukobwa sibyo. Mu gushyikirana na yo, kimwe n'abandi bose, ntabwo yarigarurira amagambo adasanzwe. Rimwe na rimwe byasaga nkaho adashobora kwerekana ibyiyumvo ukundi.
Birazwi ko Patricia yashatse kandi yibaruka abana babiri.
Urupfu
Alfred Hichkok yapfuye muri Mata 1980 mu rugo rwe. Impamvu y'urupfu rw'urupfu rw'umuyobozi w'imyaka 80 ni kunanirwa. Dukurikije ubushake bwa Hichkok, umurambo we watwitswe, kandi umukungugu wavanye hejuru y'inyanja ya pasifika.
Mu 1979, umwamikazi w'Ubwongereza yahawe ipeti ry'umunyacyubahiro. Ku nyenyeri ya Hollywood ninyenyeri ye bwite. Ibizavamo Alfred Hitchcock ni 55 gushushanya, ibyinshi muribyo ni ibya kera bya sinema yisi.
Filmography
- Zhilts
- Blackmail
- Umuntu wari uzi byinshi
- Rebecca
- Umugozi
- Idirishya mu gikari
- Kugorora
- Psycho
- Inyoni
- Umugambi wo mu muryango