Ubuzima
Bashar assad - Perezida wa Siriya, uyobora igihugu kuva mu 2000. Uku kuri ntikumera abantu bose haba mu gihugu cyumukuru wigihugu ndetse no mumuryango wisi. Nyamara, mu matora, yakiriye amajwi menshi kandi, nubwo yanze imibare ye mu muryango w'uburayi, akomeje gushyira mu bikorwa imigambi yo kuzamura imibereho mu gihugu.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Yavutse Bashar hafez al-Assad ku ya 11 Nzeri 1965 mu murwa mukuru wa Siriya muri rusange y'umuyobozi mukuru w'ingabo zirwanira mu kirere na Garicaro, maze mu 1971 ayoboye igihugu na Ikigeragezo cya Baas. Nyina wa Perezida w'ejo hazaza yari akiri mu muryango ukize cyane mu bwoko bwa Alawit, maze ubuzima bwe bwose bwereranaga mu rugo, nk'uko Data yahoraga adahari mu rugo kandi yari ahugiye mu bibazo bya Leta.
Uburezi bwibanze Bashar Assad yakiriye muri Elite Lyceum "Khurria". Yari umunyeshuri w'umunyamwete kandi w'umunyamwete wari wavuze ubushobozi bwo kwiga indimi z'amahanga. Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi iva kuri Lyoceum, igice kizaza cya Siriya cyinjiye muri kaminuza yubuvuzi bwa Damascus mu Ishami rya Ophthalmology maze arangije impamyabumenyi ye itukura.
Umaze kuba umuganga wemewe, umuhungu w'igihugu akora muri kiriya gihe, umwe mu gihe kimwe na we arota umwuga wa muganga, yagiye ku kazi mu bitaro bya gisirikare mu nkengero z'umurwa mukuru wa Siriya.
Mu 1991, Bashar yagiye i Londres yo kwimenyereza umwuga mu kigo cy'amaso ku bitaro bya St. Mariya. Mu mahanga, Asgad yakoraga mu bwihimbano kugira ngo hatagira umuntu uzi umuryango uwo uza. Ariko mu 1994, umusore yateye amasomo akorera mu Bwongereza asubira mu gihugu cye, nk'uko umuvandimwe mukuru ari umuvandimwe we, uwo se yateguriye abasimbuye yiciwe mu mpanuka y'imodoka. Bashar yagombaga gufata uruhare rwa Romora samuragwa no gusiga inzozi zo kuba Perezida wabaye Perezida w'igihugu.
Gutangira umwuga wa politiki
Imyiteguro y'uko Perezida yavuye i Bashar Assad yatangiriye ku ishuri rya gishyushye, aho abayobozi b'ibihugu b'inararibonye batumye imyitozo ku giti cye. Iyo ameze n'amahugurwa ya gisirikare, ejo hazaza umutwe wa Siriya wagize uruhare rugaragara mu bibazo rusange, yafashe umwanya w'umujyanama kuri Data.Yayoboye kandi komite ishinzwe kurwanya ruswa muri guverinoma ndetse n'umurimo w'imbere muri Siriya. Muri icyo gihe, Bashar yagenzuraga ibibazo bya Politiki y'ishoramari mu gihugu, ateza imbere inyungu z '"Abanyasiriya bashya", aho abana b'abayobozi bo mu rwego rwo hejuru barimo ahanini.
Nubwo Bashar assad yari afite nta sano yagiranye na politiki y'ububanyi n'amahanga ya Siriya, yishora mu bibazo bya Siriya na Libani. Kuva mu 1999, perezida uzaza yatangiye gufata urugendo rwa politiki ku isi kandi akajyana intumwa zo mu mahanga aho kuba Data. Bitewe n'imbaraga za Bashar mu 1999, interineti yagaragaye muri Siriya, kandi mu 2000 - itumanaho rya selire.
Assad yashoboye guhindura ishusho y'umuganga ku bushake, politiki iboneye kandi yinyangamugayo kuruta gutsinda inkunga nini mu baturage. Kubwibyo, nyuma yi 2000, se yapfuye avuye kumutima, aba umukandida wenyine kuri perezidansi ya Siriya.
Perezida wa Siriya
Ubuzima bwa Bashar Assad Igihe Perezida w'igihugu cyatangiye uwo munsi hapfez Assad arapfa. Inteko ishinga amategeko y'igihugu yahise ihindura Itegeko Nshinga, kugabanya imyaka ntarengwa y'umukandida wa perezida kugira ngo Bashian yashoboye kuba umuyobozi wa Siriya mu myaka 34. Bukeye ahabwa umutwe wa Liyetona Jenerali, nyuma yaho, we wongeyeho igihugu, ayoboye ingabo za Siriya. Mu matora ya perezida, Assad yatsinze amajwi arenga 97% by'abatora, inyinshi muri zo "yego" zishyiraho amaraso.
Mu myaka ya mbere y'ubuyobozi bwa Siriya, Perezida yayoboye uburyo bwo kwishyira ukizana muri politiki, akunzwe imfungwa nyinshi za politiki zagize uruhare mu gushyiraho Ihuriro rya politiki, irekurwa ry'ikinyamakuru cya mbere cyigenga. Kandi mu buseke bwa perezida wa Bashar i Damasiko yagaragaye na za kaminuza zitari Leta, isoko ryimigabane n'amabanki yigenga yafunguye. Yamaze imyaka 4 ahindura abaminisitiri n'abaminisitiri ku ya 15%, asimbuye abayobozi ba gisirikare abasivili.
Mu 2007, Inama Nyiri yararangiye, ariko Assad yongeye gutsinda amatora - yashyigikiwe na 97% by'abaturage 97%, naho Baska yasanze imbaraga zikomeye kugeza 2014. Mu manda ya kabiri ya perezida, yahuye n'ingaruka z'intambara y'abenegihugu, yatangiye gucana muri Siriya mu 2011.
Mu kiganiro na 2014, Bashar Assad yavuze ko "akanya ikomeye" yatangiriye muri Siriya kandi inzira y'ubwiyunge bw'igihugu yatangiye. Muri icyo gihe, yatangaje umugambi we wo kwiruka ku manda ya gatatu ya perezida. Amatora yo muri Siriya yabaye ku ya 3 Kamena 2014, Assad yatsinze hafi 89% by'amajwi y'abatora kandi yongera kuba perezida.
Ibihugu byinshi by'iburengerazuba bizera ko aya matora ya perezida aremewe, kubera ko yafunzwe mu ntambara y'abenegihugu. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, Bashad Assad yakomeje kuyobora ingabo za leta ya Siriya no guhangana n'iterabwoba, bitwaje iterabwoba ku isi yose. Umwanzi nyamukuru wa Assad ubu ufatwa nk '"igihugu cya kisilamu", hamwe n'abarwanyi arwana na Amerika, ibikorwa byabo bitayoborwa na Issil gusa, ahubwo bivugwa no ku ngabo za leta.
Intambara y'abenegihugu
Hejuru ya gisirikare ntabwo yagombaga kugabanya uruhare rwingabo. Radicals ya kisilamu yifashishije uko ibintu bimeze, ahitamo ko Imbaraga za Perezida zacitse intege.Mu gusubiza, Assad "yazengurukaga ibinyomoro": yakuyeho inzira zitandukanye zo kudashaka, yatangije uburyo bwa CS, ifunga itangazamakuru ry'ubuhemu, yahagaritse imbuga nkoranyambaga. Imyigaragambyo yabaturage yatumye intambara y'abenegihugu. Muri leta, abaturage batari bake z'amahanga basabye ko Bashar, kwizera ko ari byo ari byo gusa ibi bishobora guhagarika kumena amaraso, byateje inkunga ingabo z'igihugu n'inama y'igihugu, ibikorwa byabo bigamije guhirika ubutegetsi bwa Asdad.
Imyigaragambyo rusange yatangiye mu gihugu hose, ibisabwa mu ivugurura rya politiki no gukuraho ibintu byihutirwa byatangijwe mu 1963 byashyizwe imbere. Bashar yasezeranyije ko asohoza ibisabwa byose mu bantu, ijuru ryegura guverinoma, ryashyize umukono ku itegeko ryo gukuraho ivanwa ry'ihutirwa, ariko ntibyafashije gukemura icyo kibazo.
Muri Siriya, opposition yashizweho, yashishikarije abaporotestanti. Yatangiye gusaba kwihutisha abigaragambyaga ingabo, yatandukanijwe n'ibihugu byinshi by'Uburayi. Ingabo za Siriya kubuntu hamwe ninama yigihugu, wabaye "imbuto" zo mubikorwa byingabo zidasanzwe zishaka guhirika ubutegetsi bwa Assad.
Kurwanya Siriya none shyigikira Amerika, Ubwongereza, Turukiya, Arabiya Sawudite, Ubufaransa na Qatar. Muri 2013, kutumvikana bitangiranwa na leta ya Siriya, kubera iyo mpamvu, hashyizweho imitwe y'amateka y'intagondwa, harimo na SSA, harimo umuryango wa ISIL-uzwiho ubujura mu Burusiya.
Iki kibazo cyangereyehojwe muri Kanama 2013, igihe itangazamakuru ryafunguraga amakuru ryerekeye gukoresha intwaro z'ubumara munsi ya Damasiko. Komisiyo idasanzwe ya Loni yashyizeho gusa igitero ubwacyo, ariko ntiyahamagaye abakoze icyaha. Ukwezi kumwe, inama ya Minisitiri w'ububanyi n'amahanga Sergei Lavrov n'umunyamabanga wa Amerika Yohana Kerna, yemeye ku buryo muri Siriya ari ngombwa ko muri Siriya ariho gusenya imigabane yose y'inyubako zose z'imiti. Ishyaka rya nyuma ryashyizwe hanze mu mpera za Kamena 2014, ariko ibirego by'iburengerazuba kugeza kuri Assad ntibyatewe.
Imikorere ya gisirikare y'Uburusiya muri Siriya
Muri Nzeri 2015, Permascus yemewe yasabye Vladimir Putin icyifuzo cyo gutanga ubufasha bwa gisirikare mu kurwanya imitwe y'iterabwoba. Minisiteri y'ishyirahamwe ry'uburusiya bwatangiye gushyira uburenganzira bwo gukurikiza intwaro z'Uburusiya no mu mahanga mu mahanga, muri Minisiteri y'Uburusiya yatangiye ibikorwa bidasanzwe muri Siriya. Imvugo yo kugira uruhare mu burusiya mu ntambara ya Siriya ya gisirikare ni ugusenya burundu isyil, itangira iterabwoba ry'Uburusiya gusa, ahubwo no ku isi yose.
Igikorwa cya Gisirikare muri Siriya Minisiteri y'ingabo y'Uburusiya cyamenye ko cyatsinze kandi kizana ingabo mu karere k'igihugu cyo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati. Iburengerazuba iracyareba umunyagitugu ya Asad, nka Saddam Hussein cyangwa Muammar Gadhafi. Muri icyo gihe, uwahoze ari umunyamabanga mukuru wa Amerika yatangaje ko nta kimenyetso cyerekana ko inyubako ya Siriya yingabo za Siriya, maze umunyamakuru w'Ubwongereza yemeye ko assad - abaregwa.
Kuvuga Uburusiya bujyanye n'ikibazo cya Siriya gishingiye ku rwego rwo kwanga inkunga kuri Perezida uriho ubu. Basiri ubwe yizera "umuturanyi wamajyaruguru" inshuti magara.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu bihugu byo mu Burasirazuba, ntibyemerwa n'ubuzima ku giti cyawe, kandi ni indahemuka ku gufotora hariya mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20. Umuryango wa Bashar uvugwa gusa mu bikorwa bya politiki gusa, kubera ko umugore wa Perezida Siriya akaba ari umukinnyi wa Perezida na we muri uyu murima, ndetse no mu rwego rwo gukuraho ikibyimba cya kanseri, cyakozwe muri 2019, ntigihagarika.Mu 2001, Assad yashakanye na Asma al-Ahras, umukobwa w'umutima w'ikarito wa Siriya akaba n'Umunyamabanga wa Ambasade ya Siriya mu Bwongereza. Umugore yavutse akurira i Londres, aho yarangije muri kaminuza maze ahabwa impamyabumenyi y'umuganga w'ubukungu n'inzobere mu ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa, akora muri sosiyete ishoramari J. P. Morgan. Dufite indimi 4 z'amahanga kandi ifite ubwenegihugu bubiri. Dukurikije idini rya Muslim Sunnik.
Iyobokamana kandi usuzume ikarita ya Trump mu maboko ya Assad, kuko umuryango wa perezida wishingikirije kuri Muslim Alavitov, kandi 15% gusa by'abaturage. Kandi Abasuni bari hafi 80%, naho Rose ya Damasiko, uko amaboko yikubise Asma, basenga mu gihugu cyabo. Kubyerekeye ubwenegihugu no kwizera kwa Bashar ubwe genda umugani. Abashakashatsi batandukanye badatekereza ku ishami rya Alavism rya Islamu, bizera ko umuyobozi wa Siriya ari umukristo. Muri enterineti, amasoko atuje, avuga ko Assad ari Umuyahudi na Arumeniya. Nta gitekerezo kitagaragara.
Bashar yari azi uwo bashakanye kuva mu bwana, kuko imiryango yabo yari inshuti kandi akenshi yagiye gusura, ariko yakundanye gusa mugihe cyo kwimenyereza i Londres. Nyuma yo kugaruka kwa ASMA muri Siriya, abakunzi ba barashyingiranywe. Kuva hejuru (uburebure - abagabo 189) abagabo nabagore boroheje bahinduye abashakanye. Umudamu wa mbere w'igihugu yahaye umugabo we abana be - abahungu ba Hafez na Karima, 2001 na 2004, kandi mu 2003 yibarutse umukobwa Zayn.
Umugore yishora mu burere bw'abana akayobora ibikorwa bifatika, bihagaze ku buringanire kandi buzwiho kuranga. Igihe kimwe, Abloyiri y'Abongereza yatutse uwo bashakanye mu gice cya Siriya ni uko umudamu ufite ubwenge kandi wize ntahabwa uburenganzira bwo kubana na umunyagitugu, tuzakora impinduramatwara ku maraso n'amagufa ya abenegihugu. Mu gusubiza, yabonye ibihembo:
"Bashar Assad ni Perezida wa Siriya wemewe, kandi nta na kimwe mu bice byacyo, kandi umudamu wa mbere arabishyigikira muri uru ruhare."Nta page yumuntu mu mbuga nkoranyambaga muri Al-Asada, muri "Instagram" ishinzwe mu izina ry'ubuyobozi bwa perezida.
Bashar assad ubu
Muri Gicurasi 2021, byamenyekanye kubyerekeye abanywanyi bakomeye ba Asdite ku ntebe ya Perezida. Muri bo harimo abahagarariye ababuranyi "Abasosiyalisiti ba Mahmoud, hamwe na Mahmoud. Muri rusange, hari abantu barenga 50 bashaka guhatanira umwanya wumuyobozi.
Indorerezi z'iburengerazuba mbere yuko iryo jwi ritangwa ryerekana ko twizeye intsinzi ya Assadi. Ibisubizo by'amatora byemeje igitekerezo cy'abasesenguzi. Bashar yashyigikiye 95.1% by'abaturage. Nko igihe cyanyuma, Umuryango w'ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'Uburayi ntiwamenye ibisubizo nk'iki kandi afata icyemezo cyo kwagura ibihano kugeza ku ya 1 Kamena 2022.
Hagati aho, Perezida Yongeye gutorwa manda nshya y'imyaka 7 yatangaje intangiriro y'intambwe nshya mu mateka y'igihugu, ashishikariza abaturage gutangira kubaka Siriya uko bikwiye. Noneho umunyapolitiki agaragaza ibyiringiro bikomeye byo kugaruka kw'impunzi mu gihugu cyabo. Kandi hano Umunyapolitiki yita igisitaza kugirango arwanya neza Amerika.