Ubuzima
Kaminuza, imihanda ndetse n'imijyi byitiriwe Maurice Torez muri USSR. "Staliniste y'Ubufaransa" yihaye ibikorwa bya politiki mu gihe kirenga 30, yarwaniye kunoza umubano mpuzamahanga kandi agatanga umusanzu munini mu iterambere ry'ubufaransa na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umuyobozi w'ejo hazaza h'abakomuni w'Abafaransa bavutse ku ya 28 Mata 1900 mu mujyi wa Nuyel-Godo. Papa yakoraga na Shakhtar, nuko umuryango ubana nabi. Mauris muto yagombaga gukora akabari kugirango abone umugati. Igihe cyo gufata umwanzuro ku mwuga, uwo musore yahisemo kujya impande za se maze ahinduka shakhtar.
Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya makumyabiri, Capital yateye imbere cyane mu Bufaransa. Urubyiruko rukora ntirwonyuzwe n'ubuzima, imbaraga n'ibikorwa by'akazi, byatumye habaho hagaragaye ibirori. Maurice ntiyigeze yita kandi mu mpeshyi yo mu 1919 yinjiye mu ishyaka risozamusi. Umwaka umwe, hashyizweho ishyaka rya gikomunisiti (nyuma CC FCP). Umusore wahise yifatanya nacyo kandi igihe gito gigufi cyashoboye kuba umuntu ukomeye mubirori. Kubera urwango rw'abayobozi ku bakomuni, Maurice rwahuye na kenshi. Muri icyo gihe, yagize imwe mu matora y'ingenzi mu buzima bwe - yahagaze ku ruhande rw'abacururisi.
Umwuga na politiki
Maurice yahise afata umwanya w'umunyamabanga mukuru mu ishyaka rya gikomunisiti ry'Ubufaransa. Mu myaka ya za 1930, imitwe ya Fashiste yashakaga gufata imbaraga zayongereye mu gihugu. Torez yashyigikiraga kurema ingabo zidasanzwe zo guhangana na Fashiste.Mu 1936, umubare wa politiki washyigikiye imbere ikunzwe, nyuma yatsinze amatora mu Nteko. Nyuma yimyaka itatu, impuhwe mu Bufaransa zarahagaritswe, kandi umuraba w'ifatwa utangira mu gihugu. Abategetsi bambuwe amasezerano y'ubwenegihugu maze boherezwa imbere, ariko ntaho bahageze - bahungira muri USSR.
Mu gihe umunyapolitiki yari muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, yashinjwaga gutoroka mu gihugu cye maze akatirwa urwo gupfa. Mu myaka y'intambara, Ferez yabaga i UFA, aho imirimo ya politiki yakomezaga. Intego ye nyamukuru kwari ugukora urujya n'uruza rwo kurwanya abafashiste.
Mu 1944, Charles de Gaulle yabaye umuyobozi w'Ubufaransa, mu mwanya mushya wasohoye itegeko kubabarira ibaba. Umunyamerika asubira mu gihugu cye, kandi umwuga we wa politiki yahise arazamuka.
Kuva mu 1945 kugeza 1946, Maurice yari Minisitiri, kandi mu mwaka wakurikiyeho yabaye Minisitiri w'intebe wungirije muri guverinoma. Umwanya w'abakomunite mu gihugu cya nyuma y'intambara byari biyoboye. Ibi byose ntibyakunze leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, bashyiraho intego yo gukuraho ishyaka rya gikomunisiti kandi babuze kuvura. Amerika yashoboye kumenya imigambi ye, kandi mu 1947 Abakomunisiti bakomoka muri guverinoma y'Ubufaransa.
Mu 1950, Maurice Toron yatangiye ibibazo bikomeye by'ubuzima, ariko umunyapolitiki yakomeje kuguma ari umutware w'umunyamabanga mukuru wa FCP. Kuva ku mbaraga za nyuma, yagerageje guhuza Abakomunisiti n'abasosiyalisiti, barwanaga na Anti-Soviet Bourieisie. Ubuzima bwakomeje kwangirika, kandi ubuyobozi nyabwo bw'Ishyaka bwahinduye buhoro buhoro Jacques Duclo.
Nikita Khrushchev yaje guhindura Yosefu, washakaga kubona Perezida w'Ubufaransa. Gusa hamwe niki cyagaragaye mubintu bishobora kubakwa numubano winshuti hagati y'ibihugu.
Umwanditsi mukuru wa FCP yagumye kuri Torez atimaze gusa, kandi mu 1964 "icyubahiro" cyaramuteguwe. Kuri politiki, bakoze umwanya wihariye wa Perezida w'Ishyaka, yari afite kugeza apfuye.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu 1929, uwozaza wa politiki y'ibifaransa Jeanett Vermers mu ntumwa za gikomunisiti yasuye USSR. Muri uru rugendo, ya mbere yumvise izina rya Maurice Torez. Igitabo cyatangiye mu 1932, ariko icapiro ku mugaragaro gukundana mu rukundo gusa mu 1947.
Kimwe n'umugabo, Jannette yari afite umwanya wa leta kandi akora muri politiki. Ibi ntibyamubujije kubyara bana babiri, hamwe n'aho yageze muri Mauris muri Ussr, igihe yamburwa ubwenegihugu bw'Abafaransa. Umwana wa gatatu w'abashakanye yavukiye muri imwe mu mavuriro yegereye Moscou. Mu 1944, amashyamba y'ishyamba yagarutse mu Bufaransa, aho hashize imyaka mike, amaherezo abashakanye amaherezo barashyingiwe. Babanaga imyaka irenga 30, kugeza igihe abadepite bapfuye.
Urupfu
Imyaka ya nyuma yubuzima bwa Maurice Torez yavuwe muri USSR nyuma yo kwimurwa mu 1950. Mu 1964, Umufaransa yari akeneye ubufasha bw'abaganga b'Abasoviyeti, no mu bwato "Lituwaniya" ava i Yalta. Igihe ubwato bwari muri parikingi ku cyambu cya Istanbul, Maurice yumvaga indwara. Abaganga bananiwe kumukiza, maze ku ya 11 Nyakanga 1964, umunyapolitiki yarapfuye. Impamvu nyayo y'urupfu rwa Maurice Torez ntikiramenyekana.Umurambo wa "Staliniste w'Ubufaransa" wambutse muri Bulugariya, hanyuma ukingira mu Bufaransa. Imva ya Moris Torez iherereye mu mwanya wera ku gikomunisiti - ku irimbi rya per Lachez, iruhande rw'urukuta rw'umuganda ruherereye.
Amagambo
- "Amateka yerekana ko iterambere ridashoboka nta rugamba."
- "Ntibishoboka gucunga Leta idafite abantu no kurwanya ubushake bw'abaturage."
Kwibuka
- Kaminuza ya Leta ya Moscow yitiriwe amafi ya Maurice
- Amabuye y'agaciro ya Leta na Chimique yitiriwe nyuma ya Moris Torona
- Tanker "Maurice Torez"
- Torez Avenue muri St. Petersburg
- EFFIYA KURI MOSCOW kugeza 1994 yitwaje Maurice Toren
- Beach na Sanatori bitiriwe Maurice Treta muri Sochi
- Umuhanda Mauris Torera muri Evpatori, Nalchik, Nizhny Novgorod, Novokuznetsk, Samara, Tula, Abacu, Yalta, Lisichansk n'indi mijyi
- Muri Kinkoeope "Abasirikare b'ubwisanzure" Uruhare rwa Maurice Toron rwakinnye boris belov
Bibliografiya
- 1935 - "Imbere y'Ubufaransa n'ibigezweho by'Ubufaransa"
- 1937 - "UMWANA W'UMUNTU"
- 1945 - "Politiki ya Majesti y'Ubufaransa"
- 1956 - "Amakuru mashya ku bukene bw'Ubufaransa"