Ubuzima
Alexander Nevsky - Novgorod igikomangoma no gusangira. Umuganwa Novgorod (1236-1240, 1241-1252 na 1257-125259), Grand Duke Kiev (1249-1263), Grand Duke Vladimir (1252-1263). Kanoni ikoresheje Itorero rya orotodogisi mu Burusiya. Ubusanzwe, bifatwa nkintwari y'Uburusiya hamwe nintwari yigihugu yikirusiya, umutegetsi wa gikristo nyawe, umurinzi wukwizera kwa orotodogisi nubwisanzure bwabantu.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky yavukiye i Peresetky-Zalessky. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, se wa Alexandre, yari mugihe cyumuhungu we Pereyaslav igikomangoma, hanyuma - nyuma ya Kiev na Vladimir. Rostislav MStislavna, Mama wumuyobozi uzwi - Umuganwakazi wa Toropetkaya. Alexandra yari afite umuvandimwe mukuru Fromari, wapfuye afite imyaka 13, kimwe na barumuna ba Andrei, Mikhail, Daniel, Kardon, Aroslav, Aroselius na Ahanasili. Byongeye kandi, igikomangoma kizaza cyari gifite bashiki bacu Maria na Ulyana.
Ku myaka 4, umuhungu yanyuze muri katedrali ya Saacch of the umuhango wo kwiyegurira abarwanyi maze aba igikomangoma. Mu myaka 1230, se yashyize Alegizane hamwe na mukuru mukuru ku gikomangoma muri Novgorod. Ariko nyuma yimyaka 3, Fromari arapfa, kandi Alegizandere aracyari umujyanama wenyine. Mu 1236, yaroslav amababi ya Kiev, hanyuma i Vladimir, kandi igikomangoma w'imyaka 15 kiragaragara cyane kugira ngo ategeka Novgorod.
Gutembera kwambere
Ubuzima bwa Alexander Nevsky bufitanye isano rya bugufi nintambara. Ubukangurambaga bwa mbere bwa gisirikare, Alexandre yakoze hamwe na Se kugira ngo acike intege kugira ngo acane umujyi muri Livoniya. Intambara yarangiye akoresheje intsinzi ya Novgorod. Intambara itangira kuri Smolensk hamwe n'Abayitunzu, intsinzi isigaye kuri Alexandre.
Ku ya 15 Nyakanga 1240, Intambara ya Nevkaya yarabaye, ihambaye ko ingabo za Alexandre batashyigikiye ingabo z'ingenzi zasenyaga inkambi y'abagore bo mu kanwa k'umugezi wa Izhora. Ariko Novgorod Boyars yagize ubwoba kubwinyungu za Alexandre. Abahagarariye abanyacyubahiro babifashijwemo n'abavura batandukanye no gushishikariza ko komanda yagiye kuri Vladimir kuri se. Muri iki gihe, ingabo z'Abadage zakoze ubukangurambaga mu Burusiya, bafata Paskav, izirky, isohoka, Knight yatwaye umujyi wa Kogoryde. Ingabo z'umwanzi zegereye cyane novgorod. Hanyuma Abakompanodi bo ubwabo batangiye gusaba igikomangoma kugirango bagaruke.
Mu 1241, Alexander Nevsky yageze muri Novgorod, hanyuma ababoho, maze ku ya 5 Mata 1242 hari urugamba ruzwi - urugamba ruzwi - ku rusengero rw'ikiyaga. Intambara yabereye ku kiyaga cyakonje. Igikomangoma Alexander yakoresheje amayeri y'amayeri, ahisha ko Khani, yogoshe intwaro zikomeye, ku rubura ruto. Abagendera ku mafarasi bo mu Burusiya bateye muri flanks barangije gutsindwa. Nyuma yiyi ntambara, itegeko rya Knight ryanze gutsinda byose, kandi igice cya Latalo nacyo cyarashize.
Nyuma yimyaka 3, Alexandre yibohoye Torotz, amabuye na Bezhetsk, yafashwe ningabo zubukwe bwa Lituwaniya. Noneho gusa n'ingabo z'ingabo ze, nta nkunga ya Novgorod na Vladimiikersev, barafatira ibisigazwa by'ingabo za Lituwaniya, kandi mu nzira.
Inteko Nyobozi
Muri 1247, Yaroslav arapfa. Alexander Nevsky ahinduka igikomangoma Kiev nuburusiya bwose. Ariko kuva nyuma y'igitero cya Tatar, Kiev Yatakaye akamaro, Alegizandere ntiyigezeyo, ariko agumaho gutura muri Novgorod.
Mu 1252, Andrei na Yaroslav, abavandimwe ba Alegizandere, barwanyaga Horde, ariko abateye Tatar bamennye ba mfumbizi z'isi y'Abarusiya. Yaroslav yatuye i Paskov, na Andoyi ahatihatira guhungira muri Suwede, bityo umwamikazi ya Vladimirskoyi yambuka Alexandre. Ako kanya, hakurikijwe intambara nshya na Lituwaniya na Teutons.
Uruhare rwa Alexander Nevsky mumateka rufatwa neza. Umuganwa wa Novgorod yahoraga ayoboye urugamba n'ingabo z'iburengerazuba, ariko icyarimwe yunamye Khan Golde. Igikomangoma cyagiye mu Bwami bwa Mongoliya inshuro nyinshi gusoma umutegetsi, byatewe inkunga cyane na Batya n'inshuti za Khan. Muri 1257, haragukomeje no kwikorera no avgorod hamwe nabambasaderi ba Tatar kugirango bagaragaze inkunga kuri ordi.
Byongeye kandi, mwene Alsily, warwanyije igitero cya Tatars, Alegizandere yirukanye isi ya Suzdal, kandi imiturire y'umwaka 7 ishyira mu mwanya we. Politiki y'igikomangoma mu Burusiya ubwayo irakunze kwitwa abahemu, kubera ko ubufatanye n'abategetsi ba Horde ya zahabu bwahagaritse kurwanya ibikomangoma by'Uburusiya biri imbere. Nka politiki ya Alexandre, benshi ntibonwa, ariko umurwanyi afatwa nkinda, kandi ibikorwa ntibyibagiwe.
Muri 1259, Alegizandere, abifashijwemo n'iterabwoba ry'igitero cya Tatar, yageze ku masezerano yavuzwe na Novgorod mu ibarura ry'abaturage no kwishyura amashyaka Dani, abantu b'Abarusiya barwanyaga imyaka myinshi. Iki nikindi kintu kiva kuri biografiya ya Nevsky, utishimiye abashyigikiye ibikomangoma.
Intambara ku rubura
Mu mpera za 12 Kanama40, abanyamategeko bo mu cyemezo cya Livoniya bateye isi. Nyuma yo kugota igihe gito, Knight y'Ubudage yafashe Izinsoso. Hanyuma ba myugariro ba Kiliziya Gatolika babajijwe na Paskov barayigarurira babifashijwemo na gari ya moshi ya Bonar. Ibikurikira byakurikiye igitero cyisi ya Novgorod.
Nk'uko byatangajwe na Alexandender Nevsky, ingabo ziva Vladimir na Suzdali bayobowe n'igikomangoma Andrei, umuvandimwe wo mu muvandimwe wa Nouvoro, umutware wa Novogod yahageze gufasha novomere. Ingabo zunze ubumwe za Novgorod-Vladimir zafashe urugendo rw'isi ya PSKov kandi, zica umuhanda uva i Livoniya zerekeza i PSKoniya zerekeza PSKOV, humura Uwiteka washinzwe uyu mujyi, kimwe na izinsion.
Nyuma yibyo, gutsindwa khanisitani bwa Livoniya, kwegeranya ingabo nini, zikorwa muri ikiyaga cyibiyaga. Ishingiro ry'ingabo z'itegeko rya Livoniya ryari ikarito iremereye, ndetse n'abanyamaguru, ryarenze inshuro nyinshi by Knight. Muri Mata 1242, urugamba rwabaye, rwari mu mateka nk'uruhande rwa barafu.
Abahanga mu by'amateka igihe kirekire ntibashoboraga kumenya ahantu nyayo y'intambara, kubera ko hydrography y'umutware w'ikiyaga yahiraga, ariko ihuriro ry'intambara ya Umuhanga nyuma ryashoboye kwerekana ku ikarita. Impuguke zemeje ko hasobanura neza intambara ya Livonian rhymed.
Muri "rhhmed chicle" byerekana ko novgorod yari ifite umubare munini wabasweye uwambere gukubita intwari. Knight yubatse "ingurube" - inkingi yimbitse, itangira umugozi utagaragara. Uburezi nk'ubwo bwemereye knight knight gukurikiza thine ku murongo w'umwanzi, ariko muri uru rubanza ingamba nk'izo ngamba zahindutse amakosa.
Mu gihe ingabo zateye imbere muri Livoni zagerageje guca mu kubaka urugwiro rwa Novorod, ikipe ya Prince yagumyeho. Bidatinze, abarwanyi bakubise uruzitiro rw'umwanzi, bajanjagura no kuvanga urwego rw'ingabo z'Abadage. Abatuye Novgorod batsinze intsinzi ikomeye.
Bamwe mu bahanga mu by'amateka bavuga ko KURGLS comonds igizwe n'abasirikare 12-14, naho imitwe yitwara gisirikari y'abaturage ba Novgorod barwanyije abantu ibihumbi 15-16. Izindi mpuguke zasuzumye iyi mibare itemewe.
Igisubizo cyintambara cyemeje ibizava mu ntambara. Icyemezo cyasoje isi, kireka uturere twigaruriwe n'uturere twatsinze na Novgorod. Iyi ntambara yagize uruhare runini mu mateka, yagize uruhare mu iterambere ry'akarere, yagumanye umudendezo wa Novgorod.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Alexander Nevsky yashakanye mu 1239, ako kanya nyuma yo gutsinda Lituwaniya hafi ya Smolensky. Umugore w'umuganwa yabaye Alegizandere, umukobwa wa Bryachliva Polotsk. Young yambitswe ikamba mu rusengero rwa Mutagatifu George i Toroptz. Umwaka umwe, bari bafite umuhungu w'ikibaya.
Nyuma yaho, umugore yahaye Alegizandere ku bahungu batatu: Dmitry, ejo hazaza h'umutware Novgorod, Pelidimirky, Andrei, akaba, na Godromadsky, na Gorodeir na Daniel, igikomangoma cya mbere cya Moscou. Nanone, abantu b'igikomangoma bari bafite umukobwa wa Evdoki, nyuma yaje kurongora Konsantin Rostislavich Smollensky.
Urupfu
Mu 1262, Alexander Nevsky yagiye muri horde kugerageza kubuza ubukangurambaga bwa Tatar. Igitero gishya cyateje ubwicanyi bw'abateranyi ba Dani i Suzdal, Rostov, Pereyaslavl, Yaroslavl na Vladimir. Mu bwami bwa Mongoliya, igikomangoma cyaguye bikomeye, asubira mu Burusiya asanzwe apfa.
Amaze gusubira mu rugo, Alexander Nevsky afata indahiro ikomeye ya orotodogisi munsi yizina Alexy. Turashimira iki gikorwa, kimwe no kunanirwa bisanzwe, papasi y'Abaroma ifata Gatolika, umutware wo mu mutware wa Gatolika yabaye igikomangoma gikunzwe cy'abapadiri b'Abarusiya. Byongeye kandi, mu 1543, yashoboye n'itorero rya orotodogisi mu Burusiya imbere y'abitonda.
Alexander Nevsky yapfuye ku ya 14 Ugushyingo 1263, yashyinguwe mu kigo cya Noheri i Vladimir. Mu 1724, Umwami w'abami nategetse ko twigometse ku mbaraga z'Igiganwa ryera muri Alexander Gnastery muri St. Petersburg. Urwibutso rw'Igikomangoma rwashyizwe ku karubanda rwitiriwe nyuma ya Alexandendy Nevsky mbere yo kwinjira muri Alexander Lavra ya Alexander Nevsky. Urwibutso rutangwa ku ifoto mu mateka n'ibinyamakuru.
Birazwi ko igice cyibisigisigi bya Alexander Nevsky biherereye mu rusengero rwa Alexander Nevsky muri Sofiya muri Sofiya (Buligariya), ndetse no muri katedrali ya Vladimir ya Vladimir. Muri 2011, ishusho ifite agace k'ibisigi yashyikirijwe Alexander Nevsky urusengero rwa mural Sela Shurala. Agashusho ka Mutagatifu Hahishya Umuganwa Alexander Nevsky arashobora kuboneka mu nsengero zo mu Burusiya.
Ibintu bishimishije
- Intsinzi nyamukuru yingabo igikomangoma Alexander yatsinze mubusore bwe. Mugihe cyintambara ya Nevskaya, komanda yari afite imyaka 20, kandi mugihe cyafu, igikomangoma cyari imyaka 22. Nyuma yaho, Nevsky yafatwagaga umunyapolitiki na diplomate, ariko biracyari intambara. Kubuzima, igikomangoma Alegizandere ntibyatakaje urugamba rumwe.
- Alexander Nevsky niwe mutegetsi wenyine wa orotodogisi mu Burayi mu Burayi mu Burusiya, utagiye kumvikana na Kiliziya Gatolika kugira ngo akomeze imbaraga.
- Nyuma y'urupfu rw'umutegetsi, "inkuru y'ubuzima ndetse n'ubutwari bw'umugongo rwijimye kandi rwa Grand Prince Alexander" yagaragaye, inzira y'ubuvanganzo y'ubwoya bwa adiografiya, yakozwe mu myaka ya za 1980. Ifatwa ko icyegeranyo cy '"urugomo rwa Alexander Nevsky" cyakorewe mu kigo cy'abihaye Imana cy'inkumi y'inkumi i Vladimir, aho umurambo washyinguwe.
- Hafi ya Alexandra Nevsky akenshi arerekana firime zubuhanzi. Mu 1938, firime izwi cyane yararekuwe, yitwa Alexander Nevsky. Sergey Eisenstein yabaye umuyobozi ushushanya, na Katata "Alexander Nevsky" yashizweho kuri korari na Sovitter hamwe na Orchestre hamwe na CovietTra Sergey Protofiev.
- Muri 2008, izina ry'amarushanwa "ry'Uburusiya" ryabaye. Ibirori byateguwe n'abahagarariye Umuyoboro wa Televiziyo wa Leta "Uburusiya hamwe n'Ikigo cy'amateka y'Ikirusiya cyo mu Ishuri Rikuru ry'Uburusiya n'Ifatizo" Igitekerezo cya Leta ".
- Abakoresha imiyoboro bahitamo "Izina y'Uburusiya" uhereye ku rutonde rwanditse rwa "Batanu w'abayobozi bakomeye b'igihugu". Kubera iyo mpamvu, amarushanwa yarangije gusebanya, kuko Joseph Stalin yafashe umwanya ukomeye. Abateguye bavuga ko "amajwi menshi" yahawe umuyobozi wa gikomunisiti. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Alexander Nevsky yiswe uwatsinze. Dukurikije benshi, yari igishushanyo cya Novgorod igikomangoma cya Novgorod wagombaga gutegura umuryango wa orotodogisi, kandi imbata zabakundana, ndetse no gukunda amateka y'Uburusiya.