Ubuzima
Aristote ni Umugereki wa kera cyane, umunyeshuri wa Platon, nyuma yigihe yifatanije na we mu mpaka, washinze ishuri rya periputetike, Umujyanama Alexander Maketsionsky. Umusanzu we muri siyanse ni ntagereranywa. Mu myaka irenga 2, abahanga mu bya filozofiya bafite ibikoresho by'ibitekerezo byaremwe na byo, ibitekerezo byayo byagize ishingiro rya siyansi karemano. Umurage wa Aristote urimo ibitabo bigera kuri 50 byamanutse aho dushimira imbaraga z'abanyeshuri be n'abayoboke.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Aristote yavukiye mu mujyi wa Stogir, iherereye muri koloni y'Abagereki ya Frakia. Kubera amazina yumujyi kavukire, nyuma ya Aristote yakunze kwitwa Stangi. Yavuye ku ngoma y'abavuzi. Se Nikomah yari umuganga wumwami wa Makedoniya Aminte III. Nyina wa Festideso yari akomokamo.
Kuva mu muryango, imiti yimuwe mu gisekuru kugera ku gisekuru, nta muntu wari ugiye gukorera umuganga ndetse n'umuhungu we. Kubwibyo, kuva kumpfumu, yigisha umuhungu shingiro yubuvuzi, kimwe na filozofiya, Abagereki bafatwaga nkubumenyi buteganijwe kuri buri shekar. Ariko imigambi ya Data ntabwo yari igenewe gusohora. Aristote hakiri kare imfubyi kandi ahatirwa kuva mu kiraro.
Mu mizo ya mbere, umusore w'imyaka 15 yagiye muri Aziya ya Aziya kuri umurinzi wa Proxy, kandi muri 367 mbere ya Yesu. Ns. Atuye muri Atenayi, aho yabaye umunyeshuri wa Platon. Aristote ntabwo yiganye politiki na filozofiya gusa, ariko nanone isi yinyamaswa n'ibimera. Muri rusange, yagumye ku ishuri rifite imyaka 20.
Byakozwe nkumurongo ubyibushye, Aristote yanze inyigisho yumujyanama kubyerekeye ibiganiro byinzego zidashidikanywaho. Umuhanga mu wa filozofe ukiri muto yashyize imbere ibitekerezo bye - ubwiteganyirize bwimiterere nibibazo nubugingo butagira ubwenge buva mumubiri. Igishushanyo cyabantu babiri batekereza, bayoboye amakimbirane, bashishikajwe na shebuja wa Renaissance - Rafael Santi kuri Madrid "Atenayi ishuri".
Muri 345 bc Amababi ya Aristote ku kirwa cya Lesbos, mu mujyi wa Mitilen, kubera iyicwa ry'incuti ye, kandi wahoze ari umunyeshuri wa Platon, watangiye intambara yo kurwanya abaperesi.
Nyuma yimyaka 2, Aristote yagiye i Makedoniya, aho Umwami Filipo yamutumiriye kuzamura umurage - Alegizandere w'imyaka 13. Igihe cya biografiya yumu utekereza, yitangiye guhugura umuyobozi uzwi ejo hazaza, yamaze hafi imyaka 8. Amaze gusubira muri Atenayi, Aristote yashinze ishuri rye bwite rya filozofiya "ikirunga", kikaba kizwi ku izina rya periputetic.
Inyigisho za Filozofiya
Aristote yagabanijwe siyanse kuri theoretical, ifatika kandi ihanga. Yerekeje kuri fiziki, imibare na metafiziki. Ubu bumenyi, ukurikije filozofiya, bigwa kubwubumenyi ubwabwo. Ku wa kabiri - politiki n'imyitwarire, kubera ko kubashimira ubuzima bwa Leta burimo kubakwa. Ku iheruka, yatangaje ubwoko bwose, ibisigo na rotoric.
Inkoni yo hagati yinyigisho za Aristote ifatwa nki 4 ikomoka inyuma: "Biturukaho" Biturukaho ") ifiti (icyo gihe, uhereye aho"). Ukurikije ibyo byatangiriye, byanze ibikorwa nibitekerezo byiza cyangwa ubukana.
Umuyoboro utekereza wabaye uwashinze gahunda yubuyobozi bwibyiciro. Bageneye 10: ishingiro, ubwinshi, ubuziranenge, imyifatire, ahantu, igihe, umwanya, ibikorwa, ibikorwa. Ibintu byose byatanzwe muburere butemewe, isi yibimera nibinyabuzima, isi yubwoko butandukanye bwinyamaswa numuntu.
Duhereye kubitekerezo bya Aristote byatangiye guteza imbere imyumvire yibanze yumwanya nigihe nkikigo cyigenga kandi nka sisitemu yimibanire yakozwe nibintu bifatika mugihe usabana.
Kubinyejana byinshi byakurikiyeho, ubwoko bwibikoresho bya leta byari bifite akamaro, byasobanuye Aristote. Ishusho ya Leta nziza, filozofiya yatanzwe mu bihimba "politiki". Dukurikije inyigisho y'abatekereza, umuntu ashyirwa mu bikorwa muri sosiyete, kuko atari we wenyine.
Hamwe nabandi bantu, amaraso, urugwiro nabandi banga baramuhanagura. Intego ya sosiyete sivile ntabwo ari iterambere ry'ubukungu ndetse n'igice cy'abantu, mbega inyungu nyinshi. "Eudmomoni". Birashoboka gusa bitewe numurongo wubuzima ukoresheje amategeko mbonezamubano namategeko agenga imico.
Yagaragaje verisiyo 3 nziza na 3 mbi yinama y'ubutegetsi. Iburyo, guhiga intego y'ibyiza, yavugaga ko ubwami,'risto na politiki. Ku kibi, guhiga intego zigenga z'umutegetsi, yitiriwe igitugu, oligarchy na demokarasi.
Ibihimbano bya filozofiya byakoze ku buryo butuje. Umutekereza yasobanuye uko abona iterambere ryerekana ikinamico y'ikinamico mu bigize "ibigo". Gusa igice cya mbere cyiki gikorwa cyageze kuri uyumunsi, icya kabiri, birashoboka, gikubiyemo amakuru ajyanye n'imiterere ya mayeri ya kera y'Abagereki. Gutekereza kuri theatre nubuhanzi muri rusange, Aristote ashyira imbere igitekerezo cyo kubaho kwa phenomenon yigana, biranga umuntu kandi bikamuha umunezero.
Indi nyandiko y'ibanze ya filozofiya yitwa "kubyerekeye ubugingo". Muri iryo jambo, Aristote agaragaza ibibazo byinshi bijyanye na metaphysical ibibazo bijyanye nubuzima bwubugingo bwikiremwa icyo ari cyo cyose, igena itandukaniro mu kubaho k'umuntu, inyamaswa n'ibimera n'ibimera. Nanone hano, umuhanga mu bya filozofiya asobanura ibyumviro 5 (tange, impumuro, ibihuha, uburyohe) n'ubushobozi 3 bw'ubugingo (gukura no gutekereza no gutekereza).
Byongeye kandi, Aristote yashoboye kwiga no gutekereza ku bumenyi bwose buboneka mu gihe cye. Yavuye mu mirimo muri logique, fiziki, inyenyeri, ibinyabuzima, filozofiya, imyitwarire, imvugo, politiki, ibisigo na roetoric. Ikusanyirizo ry'imirimo ya filozofiya ikomeye yitwa "Corps ya Aristote".
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Imiterere yumuhanga irashobora gucirwa urubanza muburyo bumwe nibuka mugihe cye. Dukurikije abayoboke ba Platon b'indahemuka, Aristote ntibakomeje amarangamutima igihe urubanza rwarebaga amakimbirane ya filozofiya. Umunsi umwe, utekereza no gutongana numujyanama cyane kuburyo plate yatangiye kwirinda guhura ninshingano numunyeshuri.
Kubyerekeye ubuzima bwihariye bwumukomokaho utekereza bwakomeje kuba amakuru make. Birazwi ko Aristote yari afite abagore babiri n'abana babiri. Muri 347 bc e., afite imyaka 37, Aristote yashakanye na Pyttodi, yareze umukobwa w'inshuti magara ya hermia, Tirana As as as as as assos muri Trodade. Aristote na Pofiada bari bafite umukobwa umwe wa Pythiad. Nyuma y'urupfu rw'uwo bashakanye ba mbere, umuhanga mu bya filozofiya yatangiye kubana n'umugaragu Herpellda, wamuhaye samuragwa - umuhungu wa Nikomakh.
Urupfu
Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Alexandre Maketky, Bunta kurwanya ubutware bwa Makedoniya bugenda bwiyongera muri Atenayi, kandi niyeho, nk'uwahoze ari umwarimu Alexandre, aregwa kutagira inyo. Umufilozofe ava muri Atenayi, kuko yatekereje ko bishoboka gusubiramo iherezo rya Socrate - uburozi bwuburozi. Imvugo "Ndashaka gukiza Abanyatene mu cyaha gishya na Filozofiya" byabaye amagambo azwi.
Umuyoboro wimukiye mu mujyi wa Halkis ku kirwa cya Evie. Kugira ngo yerekane Aristote ku nkunga ye, akurikirwa n'umubare munini w'abanyeshuri be. Ariko filozofiya ntabwo yabayeho igihe kirekire. Nyuma y'amezi 2 nyuma yo kwimuka, apfa ku myaka 62 y'ubuzima kuva ku ndunduro y'igifu, aherutse kumubabaza.
Nyuma y'urupfu rw'umujyanama, ishuri rye "riyobowe n'umunyeshuri wiyeguriye Theophrast, wateguye inyigisho za Aristote kuri Botanike, umuziki, amateka ya filozofiya. Yita ku kubungabunga imirimo ya mandeker.
Ibikorwa bya filozofiya
- "Ibyiciro"
- "Physics"
- "Ijuru"
- "Ku bice by'inyamaswa"
- "Ibyerekeye Ubugingo"
- "Metafiziki"
- "Imyitwarire ya Nikodekhova"
- "Politiki"
- "Ibigo"