Ubuzima
Alexander Maketky - Umuyobozi Ukomeye Ya kera, washoboye kugandukira Aziya nyinshi mugihe gito, agera mubuhinde na Pakisitani. Yinjiye mu nkuru nk'uwatsinze, utatakaje urugamba rumwe. Intsinzi nkizo zoroherejwe nimpano yubutegetsi no guhitamo ingamba: Ingabo za Makedoniya zahoraga zikoreshwa vuba kandi gitunguranye, mugihe ziri hafi yabahohotewe. Ihame rizwi cyane ku minsi ya none ihame rya Alexandre ni intego igira iti: "Mugabanye kandi unegre."Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Alegizandere yavukiye mu murwa mukuru wa Makedoniya. Yabaye ku ngoro y'intwari ya Argead, nk'uko imigani ikurikije imigani, yatangiye inkomoko muri hercules izwi. Se wa Alegizandere yari umwami wa Makedoniya Filipo wa Filipo wa II. Mama - Olempike, umukobwa wumutware wa Epirian. Igisekuru cyacyo ntabwo ari cyiza - ukurikije umugani, uwashinze ubwoko bwa Piriride yari Ahill ubwe. Kumenya ko kuba mu mbuto ebyiri zikomeye zagize ingaruka kumico imwe yumusore.
Alexandre, kubera ubwitonzi, Data yari afite bashiki bacu benshi batongana n'abavandimwe, ariko ko Filipo yakuru gusa yafatwagaho bene wabo gusa, yamenyekanye ko ari make. Umuhungu yakuze afite igenamigambi ridasobanutse: Yashimye ubutwari bwa Data, uyobora intambara zidashira hamwe n'ikigereki kidakabije, ariko icyarimwe na nyina wacitse intege n'umuhungu we.
Amahugurwa Alexandre akiri muto ntabwo yari murugo, ahubwo ni kumugenzo washyizweho - muri bene wabo. Yiganye mu iriba, kandi abarimu bari Leonid, bashimangiye imibereho ya Spartan, kandi umukinnyi Limah watoje umusore ukiri muto ku ntebe y'amahanga n'imyitwarire.
Avuye ku myaka ya 13, yatangiye kurera Aristote ukomeye, wari uziranye neza na se. Umufilozofe, abonye ko ari umujyanama w'Umutegetsi w'ejo hazaza, yibanze ku kwiga politiki, imyitwarire na filozofiya. Byongeye kandi, kugerageza guha uburezi bwa kera, mwarimu yigishije Tsarevich ubuvuzi, ubuvanganzo n'imisobe.
Alegizandere kuva akiri muto yerekanaga iyo mico nko kwifuza, kunangira no kwiyegurira Imana. Ku rundi ruhande, ntabwo yitaye ku byishimo ku mubiri, yigarurira mu biryo kandi nta nyungu yerekanaga abo mudahuje igitsina igihe kirekire.
Usanzwe mu bwana, hazabaho ingamba zizaza yari ifite ubwenge budasanzwe n'umunuko. Amaze guhura no kubura se intumwa z'abambasaderi b'Abafilisitiya, ntabwo yabajije ikibazo kimwe kidafite ishingiro. Umuhungu yashishikajwe nibintu nkimiterere yimihanda, ibintu byubuzima bwumujyi numuco wamahanga. Ku myaka ya zami, umwangavu yashoboye gukemura ifarashi ya Bucophal ya Bucophal, nyuma yaje kuba inshuti ye yizerwa mu bukangurambaga bwose. Alegizandere yavuze ko ifarashi itera igicucu cye, nuko nirinze guhinduka ku ifarashi izuba.
Bwa mbere, Data yashinze umuhungu we Makedoniya, igihe yari afite imyaka 16. Filipo ubwe yagiye gutsinda Byzantine, hanyuma ubwo gihe kwigomeka kwarazamutse mu gihugu cye, abatavuga rumwe ni amoko ya thracian. Umusore Tsarevich, abifashijwemo n'abasirikare basigaye mu murwa mukuru, bahagaritse imvururu, kandi ahahoze hashyinguke Thracian yahuze n'umujyi wa Alegizandropol mu cyubahiro cye. Nyuma yimyaka 2, yongeye gukora nk'umuyobozi watsinze, ategeka ibaba ry'ibumoso bw'ingabo za Makedoniya ku rugamba rwa Heronée. Muri 336 BC Ns. Umwami Filipo yariciwe, maze Alegizandere atangaza umwami wa Makedoniya.
Ikibaho hamwe na roking nini
Amaze kugera ku butegetsi, Alegizandere asenya abanzi ba Data, wahamwe n'urupfu rwe, kandi ahagarika imisoro. Hanyuma, imyaka 2, yahagaritse imiryango ya Thricanic mu majyaruguru yigihugu kandi igarura imbaraga za Makedoniya mu Bugereki.
Nyuma yibyo, Alegizandere ahuza Elloud kandi akora urugendo rwiza mu Buperiya, ubuzima bwe bwose bwarose Filipo. Intambara n'Abaperesi zerekanye neza impano itangaje ya gisirikare ya Alexander Makedesky. Nyuma y'intambara ku ruzi rw'uruzi muri 334 ya Yesu. Ns. Ku butegetsi bwa Makedoniya, hafi ya Aziya ntoya irahinduka. Alegizandere ubwe yoherejwe ku cyubahiro cy'ukomamanda ukomeye n'uwatsinze.
Yishyikiriza hafi nta rugamba, Palesitine, Kariya n'ibindi bihugu byo mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati, Alegizandere yagiye mu Misiri, aho yahuriwe ari imana nshya. Muri Egiputa, umwami ashingiye ku wundi mujyi mu cyubahiro cye - Alegizandiriya.
Yagarutse mu Buperesi, Alegizandere yatsinze Suzu, Persepol na Babiloni. Umujyi wanyuma wabaye umurwa mukuru watanzwe. Muri 329, ikamba umwami w'Ubuperesi Daria Dariyo yishwe n'ayegereye cyane, kandi Alexandre yongera kwerekana ko ari amayeri meza kandi ingamba. Aratangaza ko abami bicanyi bagomba kuryozwa kugwa k'Ubwami bw'Ubuperesi, kandi nta batsinze na gato, kandi biyita uwihorera icyubahiro cya Dariyo.
Alegizandere abaye umwami wa Aziya kandi imyaka 2 afata Sogdean na Bacriya, ni ukuvuga Afuganisitani igezweho, Tajikistan na Uzubekisitani. Mu kwigarurira uturere dushya, Alegizandere yashyize imigi mu cyubahiro cye. Urugero, Alexandria Eschataa na Alegizandiriya muri Arachosia, barokotse ku mazina yacu munsi ya Khujand na Kandahar.
Muri 326 BC Alegizandere ukomeye yafashe ubukangurambaga mu Buhinde. Yashoboye gufata imiryango mike akayitsinda akarere ka Pakisitani iriho ubu. Ariko, agiye mu ruzi rwo mu Buhinde, ingabo zinaniwe zari zanze gukomeza. Alexandre yahatiwe kohereza ingabo nyuma yo guteza imbere imyaka 10 yinza yo guteza imbere imyaka 10 yimbitse mubice bya Aziya ya Eurasian.
Ikiranga cya Alexander Maketky nk'umutegetsi ni uko yafashe imigenzo n'imyizerere y'intara yafashwe, ntiyagerageje gushyira umuco we ndetse rimwe na rimwe na rimwe na rimwe na rimwe na rimwe na rimwe na rimwe na rimwe na rimwe na rimwe na rimwe basiga abategetsi bahoze ari abami n'abategetsi. Politiki nkiyi yabujije kubanya ubwumvikanyi bwintara yigaruriwe, ariko burimwaka kandi benshi bateje kutanyurwa mu compots. Amayeri amwe azashyira mu bikorwa abami ba kera b'Abaroma.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu buzima bwe bwite, Alexander Makedoniya yerekanye umudendezo n'ubwigenge ku manza z'abandi nko mu bucuruzi bwa gisirikare. Harem Alexander Makedoniya yabazwe inshoreke 360 Campasp, yari nyirabuja imyaka 2, yatangiraga kuva ku myaka 26, na Alexandre ya Alexandre ya 336, na Alexandre yabaye nyina wa hercules. Byongeye kandi, umubano we n'umwamikazi Amazon faleztris na Porcers y'Ubuhinde cleopis irazwi.
Abashakanye ba Alegizandere bari batatu. Iya mbere yabaye umwamikazi wa Bacrian Roxana, umwami yajyanye umugore we igihe umugeni afite imyaka 14 gusa. Nk'uko umugani, umukobwa yari afite imbohe, umwami ntashobora kunanira ubwiza bwe akagwa mu rukundo akibona. Bashyingiwe mu 327 BC. Eh .. Yabyaye Umwana umwe wamenyekanye ku mwanda mukuru - umuhungu wa Alegizandere, wavutse ukwezi nyuma y'urupfu rwa se.
Nyuma yimyaka 3, umwami yashakanye icyarimwe ku makomando ibiri w'Ubuperesi - Umukobwa wa Tsar Dariyo Sarse n'umukobwa wa Tsar Arsurvide. Ubukwe bwinyongera bufatwa nkubuntu butunganijwe gusa. Nibyo, ntabwo byabuzaga umugore wa mbere Roxane kugirango ayobore ishyari kandi yica Sitaton kuriyi butaka akimara gupfa nyuma y'urupfu rw'umugabo we.
Alexander Makedyky yari afite ibitekerezo byateye imbere kumwanya we ku mubano n'abagore bubashywe kandi batekerezaga ku bagabo bangana, nubwo ndetse na Aristote wa mwarimu we yashimangiye ku ruhare rwa kabiri rw'abagore.
Urupfu
Mu gihe cy'itumba, 323 mbere ya Yesu. Ns. Alegizandere yatangiye gutegura ubukangurambaga bushya bwo kurwanya imiryango y'icyarabu yo mu gice cy'Abarabu kandi yigaruriye Carthage. Gahunda ku mwami - kuganduka kwa Mediterane yose. Nyuma yo kuruhuka gato, itangira kubaka icyambu gishya mu kigobe cy'Ubuperesi no kuvugurura Flotilla.
Hatarenze icyumweru mbere yo gutangira ikigo, gusabana cyane birarwaye cyane, birashoboka ko malariya. Gushidikanya ku bashakashatsi nuko indwara yanduza itagaragaza mu ruziga rwegereye umutegetsi. Hypotheses kubyerekeye kanseri yamaraso, yafashe imico ishingiye ku muvuduko, ibijyanye no gutwika ibihaha, umutwe wo munda no gutsindwa n'umwijima. Byongeye kandi, hari verisiyo hamwe na Alexandre uburozi.
Amezi menshi, umutegetsi ntiyashoboraga kuva ku buriri bw'inzu ye i Babiloni. Kuva muri Kamena 2010, yanze kuvuga kandi bikarenga umuriro w'ubugome, wamaze iminsi 10. Ku ya 10 Kamena 323 BC. Umwami ukomeye na komanda Alexander Maketsionsky yarapfuye. Igihe cyo gupfa, yari afite imyaka 32, ntabwo yabayeho ukwezi mbere yimyaka yimyaka ya 33.
Nyuma gato y'urupfu rwa Alegizandere mukuru, gusenyuka kwamashanyarazi byatangiye. Ifasi yigaruriwe yacitsemo ibice umuyobozi wingabo z'umutegetsi. Nta n'umwe mu bazuka w'umwami - Alexandre na Hercules ntibyaje kurwanira intebe y'ubwami, kubera ko bombi bishwe n'abana, bivuze guhagarika ingoma ya Argead. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, gukwirakwiza umuco w'Abagereki mu rwego rw'ibihugu byinshi bya Aziya nto kandi yo hagati byatanze imbaraga zo kugaragara kugaragara muri ubu turere bwa Folulenism.
Kwibuka
Ingaruka za Alexandere Makedoniya ku iterambere ry'umuco, politiki n'ubukungu bw'isi ya kera biragoye kurenga. Byari bimaze kugaragara, yamenyekanye nkumutsinzi ukomeye wibihe byose hamwe nabantu. Mu gihe cyo hagati, ubuzima bwe bwabaye intandaro yumugambi "Roman kubyerekeye Alexandra", yubatswe hamwe nibintu bitandukanye bihimbano. Mu bihe biri imbere, ishusho y'umugabaniri yahumekeye iki gikinisho no kurema ibishushanyo, ibishusho n'imirimo y'ubuhanzi. Mu mujyi wa Tesalonike, igishusho cy'uwatsinze cyane muri KONE yashyizweho.
Muri sinema y'isi, imiterere ya Alegizandere ikomeye inshuro zirenze imwe yabaye isoko yo guhumekwa no kubika. Filime za Hollywood "Alexandre ikomeye" 1956 na Alexander 2004 hamwe na Colin Farrell mu nshingano za.
Film
- 1956 - "Alexander Great"
- 2004 - "Alexander"