Joseph Stalin - Ifoto, ubuzima, ubuzima bwite, impamvu

Ubuzima

Joseph Stalin ni umunyapolitiki w'impindurakondo mu mateka y'Ubwami bw'Uburusiya na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti. Ibikorwa byayo birangwa no guhagarika imbaga, muri iki gihe bifatwa nk'icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu. Imiterere n'amateka ya Stalin muri societe ya none biracyaganiriweho cyane: bamwe batekereza ko ari Umutegetsi ukomeye wayoboye ko igihugu cyateye intsinzi, abandi baregwa jenoside ikomeye, abandi baregwa itsembabwoko ry'abaturage na Holodomu, iterabwoba n'ihohoterwa rikorerwa abantu.

Mu bwana n'urubyiruko

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich (izina nyaryo rya jugashvili) yavutse ku ya 21 Ukuboza 1879 mu mujyi wa Gori wo muri Jeworujiya wa Gori mu muryango w'ishuri ryo hasi. Nk'undi verisiyo, Isabukuru y'amavuko ya Iosif yaje ku ya 18 Ukuboza 1878. Ibyo ari byo byose, SAGITTARIUS ifatwa nk'ikimenyetso cyerekana zodiac. Usibye hypothesis gakondo zerekeye inkomoko ya Jeworujiya ya Umuyobozi w'ejo hazaza h'igihugu, hari igitekerezo cyabakurambere cyayo ari Ossetians.

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Yari uwa gatatu, ariko umwana we wenyine warokotse mu muryango - mukuru wawe na mushiki we bapfuye basubira mu rubyiruko. Soso, ubwo nyina w'uko umutegetsi w'ejo hazaza wa USSR yahamagaye, yavutse atari umwana muzima rwose, yari afite intoki za sekuruza mu maguru (yari yarangije urutoki rw'ibumoso), kandi nanone yari yarangije uruhu n'inyuma. Mu burebure, impanuka yabaye kuri Stalin - Phaeton yamukubise, kubera ibyo yari afite imikorere y'ukuboko kw'ibumoso.

Usibye gukomeretsa kandi ugasanga, hakubiswe yakubiswe na Data yakubiswe na Se, yigeze kugirirwa nabi cyane ku mutwe kandi kuva mu myaka yagaragaye muri Psycho-amarangamutima ya Stalin. Nyina wa Ekaterina Georgievna akikiza umuhungu we kwita no kwitaho, ashaka kwishyura indishyi z'umuhungu kubura urukundo rwa Data.

Munanirwa ku kazi katoroshye, ushaka kubona amafaranga menshi ashoboka kurera Umwana, umugore yagerageje gukura umuntu wiyubashye wagombaga kuba umupadiri. Ariko ibyiringiro bye ntibyari byambitswe ikamba - Stalin yakuze umuyoboro wo ku mihanda no kumwanya muto atari mu itorero, ariko muri Hooligans yaho.

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Muri icyo gihe, mu 1888, Joseph Vissariovich yabaye umunyeshuri w'ishuri rya Gori orotodox, maze arangiza yinjira mu iseminari yo mu mwuka. Mu rukuta rwe yahuye na Marxism maze yinjira mu nzego z'ubutaka bwo mu misindo.

Mu iseminari, umutware uzaza w'Abasoviyeti yerekanaga umunyeshuri ufite impano kandi afite impano, kubera ko ashobora guhabwa ibintu byose nta bidasanzwe. Muri icyo gihe, yabaye umuyobozi w'ikibaya kitemewe cya Marxiste, cyakoraga poropagande.

Ntibyashobokaga kubona iby'umwuka kuri Stalin, kuko yirukanwe mu kigo cy'uburezi mbere y'ibizamini byo kudahari. Nyuma yibyo, Joseph Vissarionovich yahawe icyemezo, amwemerera kuba umwarimu w'amashuri abanza. Mu mizo ya mbere, yabonye ubuzima afite umushyitsi, kandi nyuma yo gutura mu indorerezi y'umubiri ya Tiflis ku mwanya wa Calthictor yindorerezi.

Inzira igana imbaraga

Igikorwa cy'impinduramatwara cya Stalin cyatangiye mu ntangiriro za 1900 - Umutegetsi w'ejo hazaza wa Ussr yahise yishora muri poropagande kuruta gushimangira umwanya we muri sosiyete. Mu rubyiruko, Yosefu yagize uruhare muri rallies, akenshi yarangiranaga no gufatwa, Bruzzazla "yashinzwe ikinyamakuru butemewe". "Kurwana"), byasohotse mu nzu yo gucapa ya Baku. Ukuri kwinshi mu biography ye ya Jeworujiya ni uko mu 1906-1907, Jugashvili yerekeje ku bavumo ibitero ku nkombe za transcaucase.Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Impinduramatwara yagenze muri Finlande na Suwede, aho iyo nama kandi kongere ya RSDLP yabaye. Muri icyo gihe, ahura n'Umuyobozi wa guverinoma y'Abasoviyeti na Vladimir Lenin hamwe n'insanganyamatsiko izwi cyane George Plekhanov, Lvoge Plekhanov, lvom Trotsky, Anatoly Lunacharsky n'abandi.

Mu 1912, yaje gufata icyemezo cyo guhindura izina rya Jugashvili kuri Stalunm. Noneho umugabo abaye komite nkuru yemewe muri Caucase. Impinduramatwara yakira umwanya w'abayobozi bakuru b'ikinyamakuru Bolshevik "Pravda", aho Vladimir Lenin yabaye mugenzi we, wabonye umufasha we muri Storin mu gukemura ibibazo byo muri Bolshevik na Revolitorariya. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Joseph Vissarionovich yabaye ukuboko kwe kw'iburyo.

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Inzira igana ku mbaraga za Stalin yuzuyemo amagambo asubirwamo, afungwa muri gereza, aho yashoboye guhunga. Yamaze imyaka 2 i Solvykhodsk, yoherezwa mu mujyi wa Naryorm, maze mu 1913, mu mudugudu wa Kureka. Kuba kure y'abayobozi b'Ishyaka, yashoboye gukomeza kubahiriza na bo hakoreshejwe inzandiko y'ibanga.

Imbere ya Revolution ya Reptolution, Stalin yashyigikiye imigambi ya Lenin, ku nama yaguye ya komite ngabo, yaciriye urubanza umwanya wa Lionamev na Grigoriya Zinoviev, bari barwanya iyo myigaragambyo. Mu 1917, Lenin yashyizeho kalin na komiser ibibazo by'abaturage mu Nama Komisiyo y'abatumiza.

Icyiciro gikurikira cy'umwuga cy'Ubutegetsi bw'ejo hazaza bwa GSSR bifitanye isano n'intambara y'abenegihugu aho uharanira impinduramatwara yerekanaga ubuhanga n'imico y'ubuyobozi. Yitabiriye ibikorwa byinshi bya gisirikare, harimo no kwiregura kwa Tsarigrasn na Petrograsi, yarwanyije ingabo za Anton Denikin na Peter.

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Intambara irangiye, igihe Lenin yari asanzwe arwara yica, Stalin yategetse igihugu, ubwo yarimbura abatavuga rumwe n'abasaba kohereza Inteko y'umuyobozi wa Leta zunze ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti mu nzira ya Leta y'Abasoviyeti mu nzira ya Leta y'Abasoviyeti mu nzira y'Abasoviyeti mu nzira y'Abasoviyeti. Byongeye kandi, Joseph Vissarionovich yerekanye kwihangana ku mirimo ya monotonoson, yasabwaga ku mwanya w'umuyobozi wabyuma. Kugira ngo ushimangire ubutware bwayo, Stalin atangaza ibitabo 2 - "ku rufatiro rw'igisigi" (1924) na "ku bibazo by'igitambo" (1927). Muri ibyo mirimo, yishingikirije ku mahame yo "kubaka ubusosiyalisiti mu gihugu gitandukanye", ntabwo akuyemo "revolution yisi".

Mu 1930, imbaraga zose zibanze mu maboko ya Stalin, zijyanye no guterana amagambo no kuvugurura byatangiye muri USSR. Iki gihe cyaranzwe nintangiriro yo gukandamizwa no gukusanya, mugihe abaturage bo mu cyaro bo mu gihugu batwaye imirima rusange n'inzara.

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

yose Byahiswemo mu abaturage umuyobozi mushya wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti yari yagurishije mahanga, maze imbere inganda zo nganda, kubaka ibigo by'inganda, igice nyamukuru ikaba yibanze mu migi ya Urals na Siberiya. Rero, mugihe gito gishoboka, yakoze insr yigihugu cya kabiri kwisi mubijyanye numusaruro winganda, ariko, igiciro cya miriyoni yubuzima bwabahinzi bapfuye bazize inzara.

Mu 1937, impinga yo gukandamizwa, icyo gihe ntiyambuwe mu baturage b'igihugu, ahubwo yari mu buyobozi bw'Ishyaka. Mu gihe cy'iterabwoba rinini, 56 ku bantu 73 bavuga ku Makuru ya Gashyantare - Werurwe Werurwe ya Komite Nkuru bararashwe. Nyuma, umuyobozi w'igikorwa yarasenyutse - umutwe wa NKVD Nikolai Ezhov, aho yafashwe na Beria ya Lavrenty, yari mu bihe byegereye Stalin. Mu gihugu, ubutegetsi bwigihugu cyamaze gushingwa.

Umutwe wa Usssr

Mu 1940, Joseph Vissarionovich yabaye umutware umwe-umunyagitugu wa USSR. Yari umutware ukomeye w'igihugu, yari afite imikorere idasanzwe, yashoboye kwibasira abantu gukemura imirimo ikenewe. Ikintu kiranga Stalin cyari ubushobozi bwo gufata ibyemezo byihuse ku bibazo byaganiriweho kandi ugasanga umwanya wo kugenzura inzira zose zibera mu gihugu.

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Ibyagezweho na Joseph Stalin, nubwo akanama gakomeye, haracyasuzumwa cyane ninzobere. Ndamushimira, Ussr yatsindiye mu ntambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu, hakozwe n'inganda zakozwe, kubera iyo ubumwe bwahindutse imbaraga za kirimbuzi, kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku isi hose. Igishimishije, igihe cyibinyamakuru cyo muri Amerika mu 1939 na 1943 cyahawe umuyobozi w'Abasoviyeti umutwe "umuntu w'umwaka".

Ku ntangiriro y'intambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu, Joseph Stalin yahatiwe guhindura amasomo ya politiki y'ububanyi n'amahanga. Niba kare, yateguye umubano n'Ubudage, nyuma yaje kwimukira mu bihugu byahoze ari abimene. Imbere y'Ubwongereza n'Ubufaransa, umuyobozi w'Abasoviyeti yashakaga inkunga yo gukumira igitero cya Fashisime.

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Hamwe n'ibyagezweho, Ubuyobozi bwa Stalin burangwa no gupima ingingo mbi, yateje amahano muri sosiyete. Ihagarikwa rya Staliniste, igitugu, iterabwoba, urugomo - Ibi byose bifatwa nk'ibiranga nyamukuru biranga Inama ya Yosefu Vissariovich. Arashinjwa kandi guhaza ibice byose bya siyansi yigihugu, aherekejwe nkurikije abaganga n'aba injeniyeri, byatumye habaho ingaruka zidashoboka mu iterambere ry'umuco w'Abasoviyeti na siyanse.

Politiki ya Stalin kandi uyumunsi iranguruye hejuru yisi yose. Umutegetsi wa USSR arashinjwa urupfu rwabantu bahohotewe na Stadinism na Nazism. Muri icyo gihe, mu mijyi myinshi ya Yozefu Vissarionovich, tekereza ku muturage w'icyubahiro n'umuyobozi w'icyubahiro, kandi abantu benshi bagizubahiriza umutegetsi w'igitugu, bamwita umuyobozi ukomeye.

Ubuzima Bwihariye

Ubuzima bwite bwa Joseph Stalin ntabwo bufite amakuru mato muri iki gihe. Umuyobozi w'igitugu yitonze yerekana neza ibimenyetso byose byubuzima bwumuryango nubusabane bwurukundo, bityo abashakashatsi bashoboye kugarura ibihe byakurikiranye nibintu bye.Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Birazwi ko ubwambere Stalin yashakanye mu 1906 kuri Catherine Svanidze, wamuhaye Umufaransa wa mbere Yakov. Nyuma y'umwaka w'ubuzima bw'umuryango, muka Stalin yapfiriye kuri tifusi. Nyuma yibyo, impinduramatwara ikaze yitangiye gukorera igihugu kandi nyuma yimyaka 14 yongeye gufata umwanzuro wo kurongora afite ibyiringiro bya Amulluve, wari muto imyaka 23.

Umugore wa kabiri wa Joseph Vissariovich yibarutse mu mugore w'umuhungu wa Sloweli, afata uburere bwa Stalin imfura ya Stalin, wabayeho afite nyirakuru ku murongo w'ababyeyi. Mu 1925, umukobwa we Svetlana yavukiye mu muryango w'abayobozi. Usibye abana kavukire, mu nzu y'Umuyobozi w'ishyaka, umuhungu wa Artem Sergeyev, urungano rw'umwangaza. Se - Ingoma Sersor Sergev yari inshuti magara ya Yozefu, yapfuye mu 1921.

Mu 1932, abana ba Stalin babuze nyina, maze aba umupfakazi kunshuro ya kabiri. Uwo mwashakanye yizeye ubuzima bwo kwiyahura arwanya amateka y'umugabo we. Nyuma yibyo, umutegetsi ntiyigeze arongora.

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Abana ba Yozefu Vissarionovich berekanye se w'urugomero 9 kavukire, umuhererezi muri uwo muherereye - umukobwa wa Svetlana adlyuve, yagaragaye nyuma y'urupfu rw'Umutegetsi - mu 1971. Gusa Alexander Bourdnan, mwene Stanily, yamenyekanye mu gihugu cye, wabaye umuyobozi w'ikinamico y'ingabo z'Uburusiya. Umuhungu wa Yakov, Evgeny Zhugashvili, warekuye igitabo "Sogokuru Stalin arazwi. "Ni uwera!", N'umuhungu wa Svetlana, Joseph Alillev, wakoze umwuga w'umutima.

Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Stalin, hari amakimbirane asubirwamo kubyerekeye iterambere ry'umukuru wa Ussr. Abashakashatsi bamwe bahawe umuyobozi uhuza - cm 160, ariko abandi bari bashingiye ku makuru yakiriwe mu nyandiko n'amafoto y'abarusiya ", umutekano Vissarinovich nk'umuntu ufite uburebure bwa cm 169-174. Umutwe Mu ishyaka rya gikomunisiti naryo ryaravuzwe "uburemere bwa kg 62.

Urupfu

Urupfu rwa Joseph Stalin rwaje ku ya 5 Werurwe 1953. Nk'uko umwanzuro ku muganga, umutware wa Ussr yapfuye azize kuva amaraso mu bwonko. Amaze gufungura, wasangaga yakuyeho indwara ya ISCHEMIM mu gihe cye, yagejejeho ibibazo bikomeye n'umutima ndetse n'ubumuga bwo kutabona.

Umubiri wa Stalin washyizwe muri Mausoleum iruhande rwa Lenin, ariko nyuma yimyaka 8 kuri kongere ya CPSU yahisemo kwigomeka ku mva kurukuta rwa Kremlin. Mu gihe cyo gushyingura mu mbaga y'abantu ibihumbi byinshi by'abashaka gusezera ku muyobozi w'igihugu byabaye. Dukurikije amakuru ataremezwa, abantu 400 bapfiriye mu gace ka.

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Byemezwa ko abarwayi be babigiramo uruhare bagize mu rupfu rwa Stalin, urebye politiki y'umuyobozi w'umuyobozi w'impinduramatwara. Abashakashatsi bafite bizeye ko "bagenzi" b'Umutegetsi nkana ntibaretse abaganga bashoboraga kumenyesha abaganga bambara ibirenge bya Joseph Vissarionovich kandi bibuza urupfu rwe.

MU myaka yamaze imyaka Incuro nyinshi, umukuru w'igihugu yabaye imico nyamukuru ya firime, nk '"uruziga rwo hagati", "isambu yasezeranijwe", "kwica stalin" n'abandi.

Kwibuka

Filime:

• 1958 - "Umunsi wa mbere"
• 1985 - "Intsinzi"
• 1985 - "Intambara ya Moscou"
• 1989 - "Stalialrad"
• 1990 - "Yakov, Umuhungu Stalin"
• 1993 - "Isezerano rya Stalin"
• 2000 - "muri Kanama 44 ..."
• 2013 - "Mwana wa se w'abantu"
• 2017 - "Urupfu rwa Stalin"

Ibitabo:

• Yuri Mukhin - "Ubwicanyi na Beria"
• Lewi Balayan - "Stalin"
• Elena Prudnikova - "Khrushchev. Gusohora iterabwoba "
• Igor Poyhalov - "Umutware ukomeye waremereye. Kubeshya n'ukuri kuri Stalin "
• Alegizandere Amajyaruguru - "Komite ishinzwe kurwanya ruswa ya Stalin"
• Felix Chuv - "Abasirikare b'Ubwami"