Ubuzima
Ivan Grozny - Umwami wa mbere wo mu Burusiya yose, uzwi cyane kubera uburyo bwe bukabije kandi bukomeye bwa guverinoma. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ingoma ye ifatwa nkingirakamaro kuri leta, ibyo bikaba bibi cyane kuri politiki yo hanze na homen ya grozny, yabaye inshuro ebyiri kubutaka bwayo. Umutegetsi wa mbere w'Uburusiya yari umwami ukomeye kandi mubi cyane, ahubwo yanashoboye kugera kuri byinshi mu kibuga mpuzamahanga cya politiki, gishyigikira igitugu rwose muri leta ye, kibangamiye, Opal n'iterabwoba kubwo kutumvira imbaraga.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ivan Grozny (Ivan IV Vasilyevich) yavutse (IV IV Vasilyevich) ku ya 25 Kanama, 1530 mu mudugudu wa III Rurikovich na Lituwaniya Elena Glinsky mu mudugudu wa III Rurikovich na Lituwaniya. Yari umuhungu w'imfura ku babyeyi be, ni yo mpamvu yabaye intebe ya mbere ya Data, wagombaga guhinduka kugera ku nyirubwite. Ariko yagombaga kuba umwami w'izina w'Uburusiya bose afite imyaka 3, kubera ko III yararwaye cyane apfa gitunguranye. Nyuma yimyaka 5, nyina yapfuye mugihe kizaza cy'umwami, kubera imyaka 8 yagumye afite impfubyi.
Ubwana bw'Umwami ukiri muto wanyuze mu gihe cy'imiterere y'ingoro, urugamba rukomeye rw'imbaraga, amayeri n'urugomo, byashinze muri Ivan imico iteye ubwoba. Noneho, urebye intebe y'ubwami ntacyo usobanukiwe n'umwana, abarezi ntibitaye ku mbabazi, bakishe inshuti ze kandi bakagumaho umwami uzaza mu bukene, kugeza ku kwamburwa ibiryo n'imyambaro. Byarazamuye igitero n'ubugome muri byo, bimaze kumyaka mike bigaragarira mu cyifuzo cyo kwifuza amatungo yo kubabaza, kandi mugihe kizaza ndetse nabantu bose b'Abarusiya.
Muri kiriya gihe, igihugu cyategekwaga n'abatware b'umwizera na Shui, Umunyacyubahiro Mikhail Vorontsov na bene wabo bo mu mutegetsi w'ejo hazaza kuri nyina w'ababyeyi ba Malynsky. Ingoma yabo yaranzwe ku rusingo rwose ifite ikibazo cyiza n'umutungo wa Leta, ivan grozny yasobanukiwe neza.
Mu 1543, yabanje kwerekana umurezi we wa Norov, yategetse kwica Andrei Shuisky. Umwami atangira gutinya umwami, ububasha ku gihugu byari byibanda cyane mu maboko ya Mlinsky, byahindutse imbaraga zose z'uruhu rwa Preatro-Uruhu, kuzamura imitekerereze yacyo.
Muri icyo gihe, umwami uzaza yatangaga umwanya munini wo kwiyigisha, soma ibitabo byinshi, bituma umutegetsi wemewe muri ibyo bihe. Muri icyo gihe, kubera ko ari wew'ubushobozi butagira imbaraga bw'abategetsi b'igihe gito, yangaga isi yose, kandi igitekerezo cye nyamukuru cyabonetse ku butegetsi bwuzuye kandi butagira imipaka ku bantu, yashyize amategeko ayo ari yo yose.
Ubuyobozi no kuvugurura
Mu 1545, igihe Ivan Grozny yageze ku myaka ya benshi, yabaye umwami wuzuye. Icyemezo cye cya mbere cya politiki cyari icyifuzo cyo kurongorwa nubwami, kimuha uburenganzira bwumuntu umwe n'umurage wukwizera kwa orotodogisi. Muri icyo gihe, iyi nyito y'umwami yabaye ingirakamaro kuri politiki y'ububanyi n'amahanga y'igihugu, nk'uko byatumye bishoboka gufata undi mwanya mu mibanire y'uburayi n'uburayi bw'iburengerazuba kandi bujuje ibisabwa mu bihugu by'Uburayi.
Kuva mu minsi ya mbere y'ingoma ya Ivan mu buryo buteye ubwoba muri Leta, habaye impinduka nyinshi n'ivugurura ryakozwe na RADA yatoranijwe, no mu Burusiya igihe cyigenga cyatangiye, aho imbaraga zose zaguye mu biganza bye kugeza ku bami umwe.
Imyaka 10 iri imbere, Tsar yabarusiya bose yeguriwe Ivugurura ryisi - Ivan Grozny yakoresheje ubwami bushya bwa Zemkoy, bwasabye ubwami bushya, bwafashe ubucamanza bushya-uhagarariye ubuzima bwa Zemkoy, bwafashe ubucamanza bushya, bwafashe ubucamanza bushya, bwafashe ubucamanza bushya, bwafashe ubucamanza bushya, bwafashe ubucamanza bushya, bwafashe ubucamanza bushya, bwafashe ubucamanza bushya, bwafashe ubucamanza bushya, bwafashe ubucamanza bushya, bwafashe ubucamanza bushya, bwafashe ubucamanza bushya, bwafashe ubucamanza bushya, bwafashe ubucamanza bushya, bwafashe ubucamanza bushya, bwafashe ubucamanza bushya, bwafashe ubucamanza bushya, bwafashe ubucamanza bushya, bwafashe ubucamanza bushya, bwafashe ubucamanza bushya, bwafashe ubucamanza bushya, bwasabye ubwami bushya. Ivugurura ritemba, rimenyeshe ububasha bwikinyamakuru na ba guverineri kugirango bashyigikire abanyacyubahiro.
Mu 1550, umutegetsi watanze abanyacyubahiro igihumbi ya "abatoranijwe" mu mutungo muri 70 uvuye mu murwa mukuru w'Uburusiya kandi ashinga ingabo za Streetsky, zitwaje imbunda. Igihe kimwe cyaranzwe n'impamvu zitera Abahinzi no kubuzwa kwinjira mu Burusiya bw'abacuruzi b'Abayahudi.
Politiki y'ububanyi n'amahanga ya Ivan biteye ubwoba mu cyiciro cya mbere cy'Inama y'Ubutegetsi yabazwe n'intambara nyinshi, zatsinze cyane. We ku giti cye yitabiriye ubukangurambaga kandi yari asanzwe mu 1552 yigaruriye Kazen na Asttrakhan, naho nyuma y'igice cy'ubutaka bwa Siberiya yinjira mu Burusiya. Mu 1553, umwami yatangiye gutegura umubano w'ubucuruzi n'Ubwongereza, na nyuma yimyaka 5 yinjira mu ntambara hamwe na Muraburi ari Lituyani, yatsinzwe cyane kandi atakaza bimwe mu bihugu by'Uburusiya.
Nyuma yo gutsindwa intambara, ivan Grozny yatangiye gushaka abarinzi batsinzwe, yatoye ku mategeko asohoka mu nzira yo kwirwanaho, Opala n'ibyishimo by'abadashyigikiye politiki ye.
Oprichnina
Inama ya Ivan iteye ubwoba mu cyiciro cya kabiri yari igihangame namaraso. Mu 1565, yavuze uburyo bwihariye bwa guverinoma, kubera uburusiya bwagabanijwemo ibice bibiri - oprichnin n'igihugu. Ochrichniki wararahije ubudahemuka ku mwami, yaguye mu kwikomeretsa byuzuye kandi ntashobora kuvugana n'isi yishyuye impumuro y'intare yinjiza n'abami.
Mu bice bya Okrichnina, ingabo nyinshi zateraniye muri ubu buryo, iyo Ivan inyanja yakuwe mu nshingano. Bemerewe gutondekanya ubujura na pogroms ya Boyar ku gahato, kandi bakaba barwanya kurwanya bemerewe guca intege imbabazi no kwica abantu bose batavuga rumwe n'ikamyo ya Leta.
Mu 1571, igihe Crimean Khan Deflet-Garyra yateye Uburusiya, Okrichnina Ivan Grozny yerekanye ubumuga bwuzuye bwo kurengera Leta - guverineri, umwami ashoboye Kusanya ikigo kimwe gusa, udashobora kunanira ingabo za Criméen. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Ivan Grozny yakuyeho Oprichnin, ahagarika kwica abantu ndetse ategekwa gukusanya urutonde rw'urwibutso rw'abantu bishwe kugira ngo imiryango yabo imeze mu kigo cy'abihaye Imana.
Ibyavuye ku ngoma ya Ivan biteye ubwoba byabaye isenyuka ry'ubukungu bw'igihugu no gutsindwa cyane mu ntambara ya Livoniya, nk'uko byamagama bya Livoniya, nk'uko byashyikirije abahanga mu by'amateka, ni ikibazo cy'ubuzima bwe. Umwami yamenye ko mu gutwara igihugu, yatumye amakosa menshi atari mumbere imbere, ahubwo yanakoze muri politiki y'ububanyi n'amahanga, mu mpera z'inama y'ubutegetsi, iyo ikigo kirangiye cyatumye Ivan yahatiye ivan iteye ubwoba.
Muri kiriya gihe, yakoze ikindi cyaha cyamaraso kandi mu kanya cy'uburakari ku mpanuka yahitanye umuhungu we ndetse n'ubukode bwonyine bushoboka ubukode bwa Ivanovich. Nyuma y'ibyo, umwami yihebye rwose ndetse ashaka kujya kwa monasiteri.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima bwihariye bwa Ivan ibiteye ubwoba nayo yuzuye, ndetse ninama ye. Abahanga mu by'amateka bavuga ko umwami wa mbere wo mu Burusiya bose yashatse inshuro zirindwi. Umugore wa mbere w'Umwami yari Anastasia Zaharin-Yuryyev, uwo yashakanye mu 1547. Imyaka irenga 10 yubukwe, Umwamikazi yibarutse abana batandatu, aho ivan na Fromater barokotse.
Anastasia amaze gupfa mu 1560, Ivan Grozny yashakanye n'umukobwa wa Kabardy Maria Cherkasy. Mu mwaka wa mbere, ubuzima bw'abashakanye hamwe n'Umwami, umugore wa kabiri yabyaye umuhungu wapfuye ukwezi. Nyuma yibyo, impungenge za Ivani ziteye ubwoba umugore we yarazimiye, nyuma yimyaka 8, Maria ubwayo yarapfuye.
Umugore wa gatatu wa Ivan Imbaraga za Marfa yari umukobwa wa Kolomna umunyacyubahiro. Ubukwe bwabo bwabaye mu 1571. Ubukwe bwa gatatu bw'umwami bwamaze iminsi 15 gusa - Maria apfa kubera impamvu zitazwi. Nyuma y'amezi 6, umwami yongeye gushyigirwa Anna Kolovskaya. Ubu bukwe kandi nta mwana yari afite, kandi mu mwaka w'umuryango umugore we wa kane, umwami yashoje uwo bashakanye mu mogo mu moya, aho yapfiriye mu 1626.
Umugore wa gatanu w'umutegetsi yabaye Maria Dolgoruk, yarohamye mu cyuzi nyuma y'ijoro rya mbere, nk'uko yamenye ko umugore we mushya atari isugi. Mu 1975, yongeye gushyigikira Anna vasilchikova, utazakomeza kandi na we, ndetse n'ababanjirije, ndetse n'ababanjirije, yari yaragize ingaruka ku gahato mu kigo cy'abihaye Imana, ngo yateje imbere umwami.
Uwa nyuma, umugore wa karindwi Ivan uteye ubwoba ni Maria Nagaya, wamurongoye mu 1580. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, Thuarevich Dmitry yibarutse Tsarevich, wapfuye ku myaka ya 9. Mariya nyuma y'urupfu rw'umugabo we, umwami mushya yajyanywe muri Unlich, kandi nyuma yo gutondekanya bikabije muri umubikira. Yabaye umuntu uremereye mu mateka y'Uburusiya nk'umubyeyi wa Faltimiriya, yari afite inama ngufi yagombaga kuba mu bibazo.
Urupfu
Urupfu rw'umwami wa mbere w'Uburusiya Ivan Grozny rwaje ku ya 28 Werurwe 1584 i Moscou. Umutegetsi yapfuye inyuma yumukino wa chess avuye kwagura osteophytes, mumyaka yashize yabishyizeho hafi. Guhungabana ubwoba, imibereho itari myiza kandi iri hinduka rikomeye ryatumye Ivan ari grozny mu myaka 53 n'umusaza, watumye urupfu nk'urwo rucika.Ivan Shazny yashyinguwe irungu iruhande rw'umuhungu we Ivan muri Cathedrali ya ArkHengelsk, iherereye i Moscou Kremlin. Nyuma yo gushyingurwa, umwami yatangiye kugaragara ibihuha bihagaze ko umwami yapfuye ari umunyarugomo, ntabwo ari urupfu rusanzwe. Amateka avuga ko Ivan Grozny yahinduye uburozi bwa Boris Godunov, nyuma yo kuba umutware w'Uburusiya.
Verisiyo y'Uburozi bw'Umwami wa mbere yagenzuwe mu 1963 ku mva ya cyami - Abashakashatsi ntibabonye mu bisigazwa by'ibirimo byiyongera cyane muri Arseni, bityo iyicwa ya Ivan S Grozny ntabwo yemejwe. Kuri iyi ngoma, Rurimovich yarahagaze burundu, kandi mu gihugu yatangiye igihe kidasobanutse.
Kwibuka
Igishushanyo mbonera cyamateka ntigishobora ariko gutera inyungu zisekuruza zikurikira. Ibyerekeye ibihe by'Umwami Ivan Grozny, ibitabo byinshi byanditswe, firime nyinshi za firime na televiziyo na televiziyo, inyandiko n'ubuhanzi.
Kimwe muri chute ya firime itangaje yakar nini yari ishusho mumushinga wamavuko "Grozny", yarekuwe muri 2020. Alexander Yatyso yagize uruhare rwa Ivanko mu busore bwe, Sergey Makovetsky yakinnye umwami akuze, Tatyana Lyalina yakoze nk'uwo bashakanye ba mbere wa Grozny Anastasia Romanovna. Lyor Ivanov, KonTantin Kryokov, Lydmila Polyakova n'abandi bakinnyi nabo bafashwe amashusho murukurikirane.