Ubuzima
Nikolay wa kabiri ni umwami w'abarusiya wa nyuma w'Abarusiya, wabaye inkuru nk'Umwami ufite intege nke cyane. Nk'uko abahanga mu by'amateka babivuga, ubuyobozi bw'igihugu ku bwami bwari "curb kiremereye", ariko ibi ntibyamubujije gutanga inguzanyo mu iterambere ry'inganda n'ubukungu by'Uburusiya, kubera ko mu gihugu ku ngoma ya Nicholas. II, imitwe y'impinduramatwara yariyongereye cyane, kandi politiki y'ububanyi n'amahanga yaragoye.. Mu mateka ya none, umwami w'Uburusiya avugwa n'ubutumwa "NIKOLAI: N '" NIKOLAI Printryr ", nkuko isuzuma ry'ibikorwa n'imiterere y'Umwami bidasobanutse kandi bivuguruzanya.
Nikolai II yavutse ku ya 18 Gicurasi 1868 mu mudugudu w'ibwami w'Ubwami bw'Uburusiya mu muryango w'Ubwami. Kubabyeyi babo, Alexandre ya III na Mariya Fedorovna, abaye umuhungu w'imfura kandi umuragwa wenyine ku ntebe y'ubwami, yigishijwe mu buzima bwe kuva mu myaka ye ishize. Ubwongereza Karl we yakoraga uburere bw'umwami w'ejo hazaza kuva akivuka, wahuguye Nikolay alexandrovich mu bwisanzure mu Cyongereza.
Ubwana bwa samurari ku ntebe y'ubwami bwabereye mu rukuta rwa se Alenander III, yareze abana be mu mwuka w'abapfumu - yarabemereye gukina no kubyutsa ku rugero, Ariko icyarimwe ntiyemereye kwigaragaza mubunebwe mu myigire yabo, bakarinda ibitekerezo byose byabahungu kubyerekeye intebe yigihe kizaza.
Ku myaka ya 8, Nikolai wa kabiri yatangiye kwakira uburezi rusange murugo. Amahugurwa ye yakozwe mu rwego rw'inzira rusange y'abaturage, ariko Umwami uzaza ntabwo yerekanye Zerry idasanzwe kandi yifuza kwiga. Ishyaka rye ryari umushinga wa gisirikare - umaze imyaka 5 aba umutware w'umuzamu w'urugo rw'abasirikare bashinzwe umutekano kandi bishimiye cyane kumenya imiterere y'igisirikare, amategeko n'ingamba. Inyigisho z'ejo hazaza zasomye abahanga mwiza mu mazina y'isi, batoranyaga ku giti cya Tsar Alexander wa III n'umugore we Maria Fedorovna.
By'umwihariko, sambiri yasimbuye kwiga indimi z'amahanga, bityo usibye icyongereza, yari afite indimi z'Abafaransa, Ubudage n'inyanga. Nyuma yimyaka umunani, gahunda rusange ya Gymnasium, Nicholas, yatangiye kwigisha siyanse yo hejuru yabantu izaza muri leta isanzwe, igice cya kaminuza yemewe.
Mu 1884, mu kugera ku nyigisho nyinshi, Nicholas wa II yararahiye mu ngoro y'itumba, nyuma yinjira mu gisirikare, maze mu myaka itatu atangira imirimo ya gisirikare asanzwe, aho yahawe umutwe wa koloneli. Bujya burundu mu rubanza rwa gisirikare, Umwami uzaza yahujwe byoroshye ko ubuzima bw'ingabo maze yimurira umurimo mu gisirikare.
Abari muziranye na leta bahanganye na samir kugera ku ntebe yabereye mu 1889. Hanyuma atangira kujya mu nama z'inama ya Leta n'inama y'abaminisitiri, aho se yamumenyesheje uru rubanza kandi asangira ubunararibonye uburyo bwo gucunga igihugu. Muri icyo gihe, Alexandre ya III yakoze ingendo nyinshi hamwe n'umuhungu we, watangiraga ku mavuta iburasirazuba. Mu mezi 9 yakurikiyeho, bazengurutse Ubugereki, Ubuhinde, Misiri, Ubuyapani n'Ubushinwa ku nyanja, hanyuma muri Siberiya, basubira mu murwa mukuru w'Uburusiya.
Kuzamuka ku ntebe y'ubwami
Mu 1894, nyuma y'urupfu rwa Alexandre wa III, Nikolai, uwa kabiri yinjiye mu ntebe maze asezeranya rwose kwihitiramo ubwigenge kandi ashikamye nk'umubyeyi we watinze. Ingero ry'Umwami w'abarusiya baheruka bwabereye mu 1896 i Moscou. Ibi bintu bikomeye byaranzwe n'ibibazo bibabaje ku murima wa Khodynsky, aho mugihe cyo gukwirakwiza impano z'umwami harimo imvururu zabaturage, zitora ubuzima ibihumbi.
Kubera gukubitwa cyane, umwami waje ku bubasha yashakaga no guhagarika umupira wa nimugoroba mu gihe cyo kuzamuka ku ntebe y'ubwami, ariko nyuma ahitamo ko kwanga kwa Khodya ari ibyago nyabyo, ariko ntibikwiye gutwikira ibiruhuko bya Kwimana. Ibi bintu, societe yize yabonaga ko ari ingorabahizi, icyo cyari cyo kimenyetso cy'ifatizo mu kurema umutwe wo kwibohora mu Burusiya ku mwami w'umunyagitugu.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, umwami w'abami mu gihugu yamenyesheje politiki itoroshye y'imbere, nk'uko batabice bitavuga mu bantu byakurikiranwe. Mu myaka mike ya mbere y'ingoma ya Nikolai wa kabiri mu Burusiya, hakorwa abaturage benshi, maze hakorwaho ivugurura ry'amafaranga, ryashyizeho amahame ya zahabu. Zahabu Ruble Nicholas II yagereranijwe na garama 0.77 ya zahabu nziza kandi yari igice cya "Clonter" "ariko kabiri" idorari "yoroshye" ku bijyanye n'amafaranga mpuzamahanga.
Muri icyo gihe, "Abavugurura Ubuhinzi" bavuzaga mu Burusiya, amategeko y'uruganda, amategeko menshi ku bwishingizi bw'abakozi n'abateganyi bateganyishwe, ndetse n'amafaranga y'imisoro avuye kuri ba nyir'ubutaka akomoka mu gipolonye maze ahagarika Ibihano, nko kwerekeza kuri Siberiya.
Mu Ingoma y'Uburusiya, inganda nini-inganda zabereye muri Nicholas, igipimo cy'umusaruro w'ubuhinzi wariyongereye, amakara n'amavuta yatangiye. Muri icyo gihe, tubikesha umwami wa nyuma w'Uburusiya, ibirometero birenga ibihumbi 70 by'a gari ya moshi.
Ubuyobozi no Kudasubirwaho
Ingoma ya Nikolai ya kabiri mu cyiciro cya kabiri cyashize mu gihe cyo kwiyongera k'ubuzima bw'imbere mu Burusiya no mu mahanga bigoye politiki y'ububanyi n'amahanga. Muri icyo gihe, mbere na mbere ni werekezo cya kure cy'iburasirazuba. Inzitizi nyamukuru ku bami b'Abarusiya ku isi hose hari Ubuyapani, ubwo, yibasiye mu 1904, yibasiye ESCARDU w'U Burusiya mu mujyi wa Port Arthur kandi kubera ko ubuyobozi bw'Uburusiya bugomba kubera ko bitewe no kudahinduka ingabo z'Uburusiya.
Kubera ko intambara yo kunanirwa-Ikiyapani mu gihugu yatangiye guteza imbere byihuse, kandi Uburusiya bwagombaga guha Ubuyapani igice cy'amajyepfo ya Sakhalin n'uburenganzira ku burenganzira bwa Liaodan. Nyuma y'ibyo, umwami w'abami w'Uburusiya yatakaje ubutware mu nzego zubwenge kandi zikayoboka mu gihugu zatsinzwe kandi zihuza na Gregorin, umujyanama w'abami, ahubwo yafatwaga muri sosiyete charlatan kandi Uburiganya bwagize ingaruka zuzuye hejuru ya Nikolai.
Intambara ya mbere y'isi yose yo mu 1914 yahindutse muri biografiya ya Nicholas II. Umwami w'abami yagerageje kwirinda kwica amaraso n'ingabo zose ku nama za Raspitin, ariko Ubudage yagiye mu Burusiya mu Burusiya, bwahatiwe kwirwanaho. Mu 1915, umwami yakoresheje itegeko rya gisirikare y'ingabo z'Uburusiya kandi ku giti cyabo yagiye imbere, agenzura imitwe ya gisirikare. Muri icyo gihe, yakoze amakosa menshi ya gisirikare yica, yatumye habaho gusenyuka kw'ingoma ya Romanov n'Ubwami bw'Uburusiya.
Intambara yihutiye ibibazo by'imbere mu gihugu, kunanirwa kwa gisirikare byose bikikijwe na Nicholas bo mu cya kabiri cyahawe. Muri guverinoma yaho yatangiye "ubugambanyi", ariko nubwo bimeze bityo, Umwami, hamwe n'Ubwongereza n'Ubufaransa, byateguye gahunda yo kujya mu gisirikare mu Burusiya, ni bwo guhangana n'ibihugu kugeza ku cyi 1917.
Gahunda ya Nikolai ntabwo yari igenewe gusohora - mu mpera za Gashyantare 1917, abapfutse ku mutima ingoma ya cyami kandi guverinoma iriho yatangiriye muri Petter Etrograpp, yabanje kuba yarashakaga guhagarika uburyo bw'amashanyarazi. Ariko igisirikare nticyubahirije amategeko y'umwami, kandi abayi umwami uryoshye bamuhatira kumwambura intebe y'ubwami, bitewe bifasha guhagarika imidugararo. Nyuma y'iminsi itari mike, Nicholas wa II yahisemo kureka intebe ishyigikira murumuna we, igikomangoma Mikhail Alexandrovich, wanze gufata ikamba, bivuze ko iherezo ry'ingoma ya Romanov.
Kurasa nacholas II n'umuryango we
Nyuma yo gushyira umukono ku mwami wa Manifeste atandukanye, guverinoma y'agateganyo y'Abarusiya yatanze itegeko ryo gufatwa umuryango wa cyami ndetse no kugereranya. Noneho benshi bahemukiye umwami baratoroka, gusa ibice by'abakunzi bonyine bemeye gutandukanya iherezo ry'umwami, ari we hamwe n'umwami, aho, umuryango wa Nicholas ugomba boherejwe muri Amerika.
Nyuma ya Revolution nyuma yo kuza ku butegetsi, Bolsheviks, iyobowe na Vladimir Lenin, umuryango wa THEDIMI watwaraga i Yekaterinburg maze usoza mu "nzu y'ingabo zidasanzwe". Bolsheviks atangira kwinjira mu gishushanyo cy'uko cy'umwami hejuru y'Umwami, ariko intambara y'abenegihugu ntiyigeze yemera ko bababaye.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, muri echelis yo hejuru y'imbaraga z'Abasoviyeti, yahisemo kurasa umwami n'umuryango we. Mu ijoro ryo ku ya 16 Nyakanga 1918, umuryango w'Umwami w'abarusiya wa nyuma warashwe mu cyumba cyo munsi y'inzu, aho Nicholas II yafunzwe. Umwami, umugore we n'abana, kimwe na hafi yayo, yazanwe mu nsi yitwa kwimurwa maze ararara nta bisobanuro, imirambo yabo yatwitswe na Keronene, nyuma yo guhambirwa mu isi.
Ubuzima Bwamuntu n'Umwami
Ubuzima bwihariye bwa Nicholas ya kabiri, bitandukanye nabandi bami benshi b'Abarusiya, byari urugero rwimiryango myinshi. Mu 1889, mu ruzinduko rw'Umwamikazi w'Ubudage Alice Resse Darmstadt mu Burusiya, Zesarevich Nikolay Alexandrovich yitaye cyane ku mukobwa asaba ko se w'umugisha wo kurongora. Ariko ababyeyi ntibemeye guhitamo samuragwa, nuko umuhungu aranga umuhungu. Ntiwabujije Nikolai wa II, utatakaje ibyiringiro byo gushyingirwa na Alice. Bafashijwe n'umwamikazi ukomeye Elizabeth Fedorovna, mushiki w'umuganwakazi w'Ubudage, amaze kwandikirana ibanga n'abato mu rukundo.
Nyuma yimyaka 5, Zesarevich Nikolai yongeye gusaba uruhushya rwa se gushyingirwa hamwe numuganwakazi wumudage. Alexander wa III abonye ubuzima bwifashe neza bwatumye umuhungu arongora Alice, wabaye Alexander Ferurovna nyuma yisi. Mu Gushyingo 1894, ubukwe bwa kabiri wa Nikolai na Alexandra bwabereye mu ngoro y'itumba, maze mu 1896, abashakanye bemeye kwimika no kuba abategetsi b'igihugu.
Mu bashakanye Alexandra Fedorovna na Nikolai wa II, abana batanu bavutse - abakobwa 4 (Olga, muri Maria na Anastasia) kandi barwaye Alexei, barwaye indwara yo gukiza amaraso. Indwara ya Oleei Nikoyich yahatiye umuryango wa cyami kumenyera Gregory kuri icyo gihe, wafashaga umuragwa w'indwara yamenyekanye cyane muri icyo gihe, wafashaga umuragwa w'indwara cyane kuri iyo ndwara, yemerera kugira ingaruka zikomeye kuri iyo ndwara ya Alexandre Fedovna n'umuyobozi wa Nicholas.
Abahanga mu by'amateka bavuga ko umuryango w'Umwami w'abami wa nyuma w'Abarusiya wari imyumvire ikomeye. Buri gihe yamaranye igihe kinini mumuryango, ntabwo yari akunda ibinezeza bye byisi, cyane cyane akunda amahoro, ingeso, ubuzima n'imibereho myiza yabavandimwe. Muri icyo gihe, umwami w'abami ntiyari umunyamahanga ku isi - yishimiye guhiga, yishimiye guhiga, yishimira gutwarwa no gusiganwa ku maguru anywa kandi akinira umupira w'amaguru kandi ikina umupira w'amaguru.