Ubuzima
Winston Churchill nimwe mubantu bakomeye kandi banyuranyije na politiki mu kinyejana cya Xx. Ibikorwa bye byo mu Bwongereza ndetse na Politiki y'isi yose byari bifite akamaro kanini, ariko muri sosiyete igezweho bigereranywa: bamwe bishimira ubutwari bwihariye nibikorwa bya politiki, abandi bangaga isi. gusa ubwoko bwera.
Nubwo ubugereki bwarwaniye kumugaragaro igitugu ku mpacaro, ntabwo yahishe impuhwe ze mu bikorwa bya Benito Mussolini na Joseph Stalin, bavuga mu myaka ye y'ubutegetsi bwe, umuhanga mu butegetsi bwemewe kandi bwihariye mu Butaliyani na USSR.
Ubushakashatsi bwa Winston Leonard yavutse ku ya 30 Ugushyingo 1874 mu gitsina cya Malzoro Herboro, mu ngoro ya Blenheim. Ababyeyi be babaye abantu bakomeye kandi bakomeye - Data, Umwami Randolph Spencer, wari umunyapolitiki w'icyamamare w'Ubwongereza, umuyobozi w'ikigega cy'Ubwongereza, kandi nyina wa Jenny yari umukobwa w'umucuruzi w'umutunzi w'umucuruzi w'umubutunzi.
Umunyapolitiki uzaza yabaye imfura mu muryango, ariko yambuwe kwitabwaho n'ababyeyi, kuko se yahoraga agira uruhare mu mwuga wa politiki, kandi nyina watanzwe ku isi igihe cye cyose. Kubwibyo, uburezi bwa Winston yari yishora muri Nanny Elizabeth Ann Everest, wabaye hafi yumuntu.
Ako kanya amaze kuvuka, Minisitiri w'intebe uzaza w'Ubwongereza yabaye umunyamuryango w "muto" wo mu ishuri ryihariye, ashobora kumwangagira inzira igana ku mwuga wa politiki mwiza, kuko abanyacyubahiro badafite uburenganzira bwo kwinjira mu nzu ya Abaturage na guverinoma y'igihugu. Ariko, nkuko byagaragaye, Winston yabaye umuhagarariye umurongo wuruhande rwubupfura, bwemerera kuba umunyapolitiki ukomeye.
Afite imyaka irindwi, yoherejwe mu ishuri rya Saint George bafunzwe, aho hitabwa ibitekerezo bititabwaho kuruta amahugurwa y'ishuri. Mu kigo cy'uburezi, Winston yerekanye ubushake bwayo bwose bwo kwiga no kubara hamwe n'amategeko agenga amabwiriza yo mu nzu, aho yakorewe inshuro nyinshi. Nyuma yo gusura buri gihe Nanny yabonye umurambo w'umuhungu akabaho gukubitwa, yashimangiye ko yimurwa ry'ikindi shuri.
Ariko mu ishuri rya Brighton rya bashiki bacu Thomson, na we ntiyakunda amasomo ye kandi ko ari umunyeshuri uheruka mu ishuri. Afite imyaka 12, umusore Winston yatangiye ibibazo bikomeye by'ubuzima - yari yaranyeganyega mu mahano, yagabanije umubiri we wose. Ni muri urwo rwego, ntiyagiye mu kigo gishinzwe uburezi Buko ku bagabo bo mu bwoko bwa Maliboro muri ITON, kandi yinjira mu ishuri rikomeye riri mu gihome. Amahitamo nkaya yakozwe kubera aho kaminuza za kaminuza za kaminuza.
Ariko hano Hortill yakomeje kwerekana ko yititaye ku ngingo z'uburezi - yize gusa ko yibazaga, kandi ibindi byose byari byirengagijwe neza n'ibitizera kwe. Kubwibyo, mu 1889, yahinduwe mu ishuri ry'ingabo, muri gahunda yibanze ku myitozo yibanze ku rubanza.
Byari hano ko kuva kubibazo byabanyeshuri Winston byahindutse umunyeshuri ushishikaye. Yashoboye kuba umwe mu barangije iyi shuri bashoboye gutsinda ibizamini bya nyuma mu bintu byose, yemerera Ihuriro kwinjira mu ishuri rya gisirikare ryunzego bw'ubwongereza, yarangije ku ntera ya siwetenant.
Umwuga wa Gisirikare
Mu 1895, amashuri ya gisirikare arangije, yiyandikishije mu rugamba rwa 4 rwa Gusar y'icyubahiro cya cyami, ariko nyuma yigihe gito namenye ko umwuga wa gisirikare utamukwemerera. Kubera umubano wa nyina, igihe umupfakazi wa Cherchili, watsindiye Cuba, aho yashyizeho umunyamakuru wa gisirikare, akomeza gutondekanya ku gisirikare nyirizina. Igisubizo mu kinyamakuru cyazanye politiki izaza yo kuba icyamamare no kubahamagaye sosiyete, kandi yemereraga kubona amafaranga ya mbere mu rwego rwa 25 rwa Gini.
Usibye icyubahiro n'icyubahiro hamwe na Cuba Horllill byazanye ingeso ebyiri z'ubuzima - kunywa itabi ry'igitambara cya Cuba no kubahiriza ku isi. Mu 1896, yakomeje urugendo rw'abanyamakuru maze yoherezwa mu Buhinde, hanyuma ajya mu Misiri. Hano haragaragaje ubutwari bwe bwose bwo kurwana - usibye gucana ibyabaye, we ubwe yagize uruhare mu ntambara, akitabira imirimo ye.
Politiki
Mu 1899, Foretoni ya Winston yafashe icyemezo cyo kwegura no kwitangira politiki. Igihe yari asanzwe yari umunyamakuru uzwi, bityo abara ku nkunga ya sosiyete. Kugerageza kwambere kwinjira mu nteko ishinga amategeko mu rwego rw'Ishyaka ry'abakurikirana ryagaragaye ko kunanirwa - abatora bahisemo abigenga.
Amaze gukururwa mugihe cya politiki, yongeye kujya mu rugendo rwabanyamakuru. Icyo gihe yoherezwa muri Afurika y'Epfo, ku murima w'intambara ya Anglo-Tegelo yagenze.
Agezeyo, yafatwaga ku bahanganye, baturutse guhunga amanga, babaye isaha y'ikirere cy'ubwikunde nka Politiki: abatora bamusezeranije gutanga amajwi yabo batitaye ku "rezo rya politiki". Muri icyo gihe, yahisemo gusubira ku rugamba, aho yitabiriye intambara nyinshi kugira ngo arokoke abahoze ari gereza ye.
Amahirwe y'ubutwari ya Lelatiolus amwemerera gusubira mu gihugu cye intwari nyayo - yashoboraga gutsinda byoroshye amatora y'abadepite mu 1900 maze yinjira mu byumba by'abaturage aho ikibanza gishize gifite umutekano. Muri uwo mwaka, yasohoye imirimo y'ubuvanganzo gusa, igitabo "cya Savrol", muri byo, muri byo, muri byo, umunyapolitiki mu ruhare rw'imico nyamukuru irerekana.
Kuva mu minsi ya mbere mu Nteko ishinga amategeko, Winston Christill yavuganye no kunegura kandi ko anenga abagumyabanga, agaragaza ko mutumvikanaho rwose na gahunda y'umufasha w'ingengabitekerezo ya Joseph Pasology. Niyo mpamvu minisitiri w'intebe w'Ubwongereza w'Ubwongereza yavuye mu ishyaka ry'abakiriya mu myaka 4 yimukiye ku buntu - iyi ntambwe yaramwemereye gufata vuba kugira ngo akureho vuba mu ngazi za politiki.
Mu mizo ya mbere, yabaye minisitiri wungirije w'Abakoloni, hanyuma ashyirwaho mu mwanya wa Minisitiri w'ubucuruzi, amaze kubona umwanya wa minisitiri w'imbere, kandi nyuma y'umwaka w'urukundo aba Minisitiri w'ingabo z'amato, bityo aba benshi Umunyapolitiki ukiri muto ufite imyanya ikomeye mubwongereza.
Amaze kuyobora Minisiteri y'ingabo z'amato, Winston Churchill yahuye n'ijwi rirenga: Nkurikije amakosa ye mu ntambara ya mbere y'isi yose, iki gikorwa cya gisirikare i Dordanellah cyarangiye mu Bwongereza, aho abasirikare ibihumbi 250 barapfuye badafite ishingiro.
Hanyuma, agerageza kwemeza icyaha cye, umunyapolitiki yeguye kandi yiyandikisha n'umukorerabushake imbere. Mu myaka mike, iyo "ishyaka" hafi ya Dordanhell, hasubizwe muri guverinoma ibikoresho bya gisirikare, na byo bitashoboye kuvuga, bityo byatigishije gufata "politiki Gabanya "imyaka itari mike, kuva mu byapolitiki rwose.
Minisitiri w'intebe w'Ubwongereza
Gusubira muri politiki ya Winston Cleatill byaranzwe no gutangira intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, igihe Ubudage bwateraga Polonye, nyuma y'Ubwongereza bwatangaje intambara Adolf Hitler. Yasabye kuba Umwami wa mbere wa Admiralty, afite uburenganzira bwo gutora mu nama ya gisirikare, kuko atigeze asezeranya isi ihoraho mu gihugu cyayo kandi ko yari umwe mu bayobozi, ashoboye kuzana ishyanga. intsinzi.
Kwibanda mu biganza byose byingenzi mu bukangurambaga bw'igihugu, bigamije kurwanya ubukana bukomeye mu Budage bwa Hitler, ubugereki bwashoboye kuzamuka hejuru no kuba Minisitiri w'intebe w'Ubwongereza, ariko, mu gihe kigoye mu Bwongereza. Ariko gufata icyemezo, kwihangana no gusuzuma ibintu byemereye ikirego cyemereye kuyobora intambara yo gutsinda mu ntsinzi yo gutsinda mu ntsinzi mukurema hamwe na USSR.
Kuba duhanganye cyane muri Bolshevism, ubucuti hagati ya Hitler na Stalin byahisemo icya nyuma, kubera ko nta bundi buryo yari afite. Muri Gicurasi 1942, we hamwe n'abayobozi b'Abanyamerika n'Abarusiya ba Rofulin na Joseph Godali basinyanye inyandiko y'ingenzi ku ishyirwaho ry'imikorere irwanya anti-Hitler, igena izina "atlantike", igena izina ry'ubukungu na politiki " Abafatanyabikorwa nyuma yo gutsinda Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose.
Nyuma ye mu 1945, abayobozi b'Ubwongereza, Amerika na USSR bakoraga inama ya Yalta, ziyemeje ikarita ya politiki y'isi mu gihe cy'intambara. Hanyuma abayobozi ba "Troika" bakomeye "bahisemo ko Ubudage bugomba kugabanywamo uduce 4 twigaruriweho, nyuma y'ibihugu bya Baltique, muri Belavina, Bessuus, Bukoviriya, Karelia na Karelia basubiye muri USSR. Muri icyo gihe, Leta y'Abasoviyeti yiyemeje kugira uruhare mu ntambara n'Ubuyapani, aho birwa bya Sakhalin na Kuriya byagombaga kwakirwa.
Intambara ya kabiri yisi irangiye, isi yose yagabanyijemo gahunda ebyiri za politiki, kandi ubugereki butangira guhamagara iburengerazuba bwo guhuza ubureko bwa gikomunisiti yose iburasirazuba bugamije "guhumeka" kwa Bolshevism. Ariko icyo gihe yagombaga gusiga politiki nini, kubera ko mu myaka ya nyuma y'intambara mu Bwongereza, ibibazo bikomeye by'ubukungu byatangiye, umwenda w'amahanga watangiye, umwenda w'amahanga w'igihugu waranze kandi ufitanye isano n'ubukoloni. Ibi byatumye mbatsindira Winston Foulles mu matora y'abadepite, arasengera.
Muri icyo gihe, yerekeje kurwanywa na Guverinoma, ariko mubyukuri ntabwo yagaragaye mu nzu ya commons, yitangira ibikorwa by'ubuvanganzo. Mu 1951, afite imyaka 76, yongeye kuba Minisitiri w'intebe w'Ubwongereza n'imyaka 4 ikurikira y'igihugu. Mu myaka ya nyuma y'ibikorwa bye bya politiki, yatanze politiki y'ububanyi n'amahanga yibanda ku iterambere ry'ubushobozi bwa kirimbuzi bw'igihugu, yizeye ko azasubiza imbaraga za gisirikare z'Ubwongereza. Nk'ubuzima, umunyapolitiki w'Ubwongereza yahatiwe gutanga muri bet akajya ku mwanya wa mbere hamwe n'icyubahiro cyose.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima bwite bwa Winston Herchill bugereranywa n'abahanga mu by'amateka benshi bafite "urukundo rwiza rwiza." Umunyapolitiki ukomeye w'Ubwongereza yahuye n'urukundo rw'ubuzima bwe mu 1908 ahita arongora abatowe. Yabaye umwanda Hozier, umukobwa wa Londres. Hamwe n'umugore we, minisitiri w'intebe w'Ubwongereza yabayeho imyaka 57 - yabaye inshuti ye magara ndetse n'umujyanama nyamukuru wa politiki, kubera ko nyuma yo kwemererwa kwishishozi kwafashe ibyemezo by'ingenzi.
Nubwo umugore w'umugore ari we Henger imyaka 11 yari afite imyaka 11, yafatwaga nk'itandukaniro rinini muri ibyo bihe, yashoboye kandi kurokora urukundo mu muryango wabo, kandi akaba yarambe umuntu umwe umwe ushoboye kwihanganira n'imiterere ityaye kandi y'ubukazi y'itorero . Clementine yibarutse Winston Abana batanu, buri wese muri bo yari yifuzwa kandi akundwa cyane n'ababyeyi be. Nyuma y'urupfu rw'Ubukwe bw'Ubwongereza rwakomeje kumwita umugabo mwiza, nubwo ari abatatsi bashishikaye n'umukinnyi, amajoro, amajoro, amajoro amara muri kazino.
Burryting Winston Churchill, Clementine yatakaje icyo busobanuro mu buzima kandi yari yiteguye kumukurikira, ariko yahagaritswe n'interuro y'umugabo we w'imiryango ye, yavuze ko ari mu Bwongereza "mu gihe." Iri jambo ryari rimufashaga kurokoka igihombo no mu myaka 12 ari iri imbere kugira ngo akomeze ibikorwa bye by'ubuvanganzo, asohora abivuga mu by'ubwongereza.
Urupfu
Urupfu rwa Winston Urupfu rwaje ku ya 24 Mutarama 1965. Briton ikomeye mu mateka yose y'Igihugu yapfuye afite imyaka 90. Impamvu y'urupfu rw'uwahoze ari minisitiri w'intebe w'Ubwongereza yari ubwonko, butatewe na politiki ku nshuro ya mbere. Umuhango wo gushyingura amayeri wakozwe muburyo bwa leta uyobowe na leta ubuyobozi bw'Umwamikazi Elizabeth II - abantu 10 gusa ni bo bahawe icyubahiro nk'iki mu mateka y'Ubwongereza.
Politiki yo gushyingura yabaye igipimo kinini cyane mu mateka y'igihugu, nk'abahagarariye ibihugu 112 n'abagize umuryango wa cyami bose babigiramo uruhare. Imihango yo gushyingura Winston yatangajwe n'imiyoboro ya tereviziyo nyinshi ku isi ibaho, yemerera abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 350 binyuze muri ecran ya TV ngo basezera b'abongereza b'indashyikirwa.
Basaba kwigira icyishishozi ubwe, yashyinguwe mu irimbi rya Bleidon ry'itorero rya Mutagatifu Martin, riherereye hafi y'umutungo we rusange. Gushyingura byakozwe imbere yabagize umuryango gusa ninshuti magara.