Ubuzima
Thomas Wolfe yerekeza ku banditsi b'abanditsi "ibisekuru byatakaye", niwe mwanditsi wa Romanov, ingoma ya Romanov, ingoma, inkuru, inkuru n'imyaka. Umunyamerika, wabaga mu gice cya mbere cy'imyaka 20, yamenyekanye kubera uburyo bw'umwimerere, imirimo yacyo yahujije acomeiografiya, Lyrical iminyago n'ibitekerezo bitangaje.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ubuzima bwa Thomas Clasiton, Clasiton Clayiton yatangiye kugwa kwa 1900 muri leta ya Amerika ya Carolina y'Amajyaruguru. Yari umuhungu muto wa William Oliver na Julia Elizabeth - abahagarariye ubwenegihugu bw'Abayahudi, baba mu mujyi wa Ashville bareze abana umunani.
Papa yari umutware wo gutema ibihangano ku ibuye na nyir'ubucuruzi bwo gushyingura, nyina yaguze umutungo utimukanwa hafi kandi akubiyemo inzu icumbika. Umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza igihe kinini yari yita ku babyeyi, inshuti ye yitabye cyane yari musazawe wapfuye hakiri kare.
Mu rubyiruko, Thomas yakundaga ibitabo, cyane cyane ibitabo by'abanditsi ba kera. Yinjiye mu myaka 15, yinjira muri kaminuza ya Leta, yinjiye muri club y'ibiganiro, yise societe y'ijwi ryakozwe na Medilantropique, yinjira mu kinyabuzima, yinjira mu kinyabuzima bw'abanyeshuri, yitwa "Pila KAPA F".
Dukurikije inama z'abarimu n'abanyeshuri bigana, Umunyamerika wanditswe mu makinamico, icyifuzo cye cyo guhamagarira "kugaruka kwa Baka Gavin" shyira ikinamico yo kwigisha amateur.
Ibidukikije byagaragaje ko ubwoya bwagize impano yo kwandika. Itezimbere, umusore yahinduye ikinyamakuru cyabanyeshuri kandi yanditse inyandiko yatsinze ibihembo. Mu 1920, umwanditsi uzaza yakiriye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu buhanzi kandi akomeza kwiga muri kaminuza ya Harvard, yafatwaga nk'ikigo cyiza cyo kwigisha cya Amerika. Mu gihe gito, yashyizeho urukurikirane rw'incura, hamwe no gutsinda kwa mwarimu wa Baker wa George Pier.
Kuba umutware, mu 1923, Tomasi yagiye i New York agerageza kugurisha imirimo ye bwite. Yabikorewe fiasco, yakuye mu barimu kandi igihe runaka yigishaga kaminuza muri kaminuza mu Cyongereza.
Kurema
Mu ntangiriro yumwuga wo guhanga, wolfe ntiyashoboraga kugarura ikinamico. Theattrons yamenyereye iterambere ryiza ryibyabaye, ubwoba bwinshi. Iyo ikinamico "ikaze kumujyi wacu" yanze gushushanya abayobozi, umwanditsi yasanze mu buryo butunguranye yavumbuye ko imiterere ye ibereye iy'ubuhanzi. Yagiye i Burayi kugira ngo ashishikarize kandi yandike.
Igikorwa cya mbere gikomeye nicyo gitabo cya "Reba iwawe, marayika." Muburyo bwubuvanganzo, Thomas yasobanuye amateka yumuryango we. Inyandiko yandikishijwe intoki yakubise amaboko y'umwanditsi, wakoranye na Francis Scott Fitzgerald na Ernest Hemingway. Nyuma yo gusoma impapuro zirenze igihumbi, Maxwell Perkins yagabanutse kandi yatangajwe igitabo cyanditswe muri Charles kizwi cyane muri Amerika Crarbner Charling.
Akazi wabaga mu Budage n'Ubwongereza, nubwo amashusho y'abahagarariye umuryango wa gantt yateje uburakari bwa bene wabo. Mushikiwabo mukuru Mabel yashyize ahagaragara ubuhanga bw'umwanditsi, mu butumwa yatangaga umuvandimwe kutabona igitekerezo cy'abasigaye.
Igicuruzwa cya mbere cyazanye buruse ya Thomas Farse na Hugdenheim. Nyuma yimyaka 4, yarangije akazi ku mibumbe myinshi Epic "Mutagatifu". Amaze gusuzuma ubushobozi bw'ubucuruzi, yita ku isi gusa igitabo kimwe gusa, cyitwa "ku gihe cy'umugenzo", aho prototypes ya nyirabuja ari nyirabuja wa Alina Bernstein na Maxim Maxim Orober.
Amakimbirane yahagaritse icyiciro gishya, abisabwe impyisi yo guhagarika amasezerano, bikamuha igitutu gikomeye, no gufata urugendo runini runyura mu Burayi bashaka ibitekerezo bishya. Muri urwo rugendo, yiboneye ivangura ku Bayahudi, agarutse muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika, umunyabwenge kugira ngo abeho inshuti nyinshi zaje.
Ibyiyumvo bitenguha ingengabitekerezo y'Abanazi bigamije guhagararira abantu batandukanye, bagaragaye mu nkuru "inzu ntagaruka", batangajwe mu kinyamakuru "Repubulika nshya". Ibitabo bya Thomas byabujijwe mu bihugu byinshi bishyigikira Adolf Hitler. Umwanditsi ntiyari asabwa kwitaba isi yo muri Otirishiya n'iy'Ubudage.
Mu mwaka, impyisi yakoraga ku mirimo mishya. Mu 1937, Bibliografiya yazumijwe hamwe na tagi ya "Chicherethogue" yeguriwe intambara y'abenegihugu muri Amerika.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu 1925, ugaruka kuva mu Burayi, Wolfe yahuye na Alina Bernstine - ibintu bya New York Giild. Umukecuru, wari umugore wa broker kandi afite abana babiri, yari ashaje cyane umwanditsi, ariko ibi ntibyamubujije mubuzima bwe bwite.
Igitabo, cyamaze imyaka 5, kubikorwa byumuhagarariye mu buryo buboneye. Ariko, imibanire ya gicuti abahoze ari abakundana bagumanye kugeza imperuka. Umugore yakoze nkuruhare mu nshingano za Muse, umusomyi n'umuterankunga nyamukuru. Yabaye prototype heroine roman "reba iwawe, marayika", ndetse no guhumeka imirimo "ku gihe ndetse n'uruzi" urutare ".
Mbere yo kujya kuri nde, urwaye cyane, Tomasi yahamagaye inshuti. Yavuze ko, nubwo ibintu bimeze, ntabwo yigeze areka gukunda. Umugore amaze gupfa, byamenyekanye ko BERSTIIN yari ifite imiyoboro y'inshinga n'ibyandikishijwe intoki, uyu mugore yabatse nk'ikimenyetso cy'ibyishimo, byari bigoye kwibagirwa.
Urupfu
Mu 1938, arangije amasezerano n'umwanditsi Edward A IToull kandi atanga inyandiko y'intoki z'imirimo idashishwa, wolfe yagiye mu ruzinduko mu bihugu by'iburengerazuba. Muri diariya, yavuze ko agiye kuva mu bibazo by'umuryango we no kuzenguruka no gutekereza ku isi yose kugira ngo agaragaze isi.
Gahunda ntabwo yari igenewe gusohora, kubera ko Thomas yari akonje mumuhanda kandi yamaze igihe kinini mubitaro bisuzumisha umusonga. Umwanditsi yaguye muri koma, kubera ko indwara yagize uruhare mu bwonko. Abaganga kuko bashoboraga guhanira ubuzima bwanditse ibitabo bya autobiografi, ahubwo ni icyateye urupfu muri Nzeri 1938 ni Miriyar igituntu.
Mbere y'urupfu rwa Wolfe, nohereje ubutumwa kuri Max Perkins ndamushimira ubufatanye. Umwanditsi yamenye akamaro k'umwanditsi kugirango atsinde imirimo yumwimerere.
Umurambo umaze kujya mu irimbi ry'imizingo ugashyingurwa mu mva ikurikiraho abantu bapfuye, ababatsi bashya banditse ku banyamakuru banditse abanyamakuru baturutse mu mijyi itandukanye.
Bibliografiya
- 1921 - "Imisozi"
- 1922 - "Ikaze mu mujyi wacu"
- 1929 - "Reba iwawe, marayika"
- 1935 - "Ku gihe no ku ruzi"
- 1935 - "Kuva gupfa kugeza mu gitondo"
- 1939 - "Urubuga n'urutare"
- 1940 - Nta gusubira mu rugo »
- 1941 - "Ku misozi"
- 1948 - "Inzu yo Kwirinda"
Filmography
- 1961 - "Reba iwawe, marayika"
- 1972 - "Kwibuka icyi i Berlin"
- 1979 - "Nta gusubira mu rugo"
- 2016 - "Ubuhanga"