Ubuzima
Galina Vishnevskaya - Umuhanzi wa Operatied Operatied Soviet hamwe nijwi ryo kuririmba Soprano, umuhanzi wa Bolshoi Ikinamico ya SSR numuhanzi wabantu ba SSSR. Usibye umuziki, Galina Pavlovna yashyize mu bikorwa ubushobozi bwacyo nk'umukinnyi wa filime, umuyobozi wa Theatre n'Umwarimu, ndetse n'umuyobozi w'ikigo cya Moscow cyo kuririmba opera. Impano kandi itoroshye umurimo wabaririmbyi bamenyekanye.
Umuhanzi wa Opera wakomeye w'Uburusiya Palina Pavlovna Vishnevskaya yavutse mu Kwakira 1926 i Leningrad. Umuhanzi wa Oransara wavutse afite izina Ivanova. Ubwana nurubyiruko rwigihe kizaza cya bolshoi numuririmbyi, watsinze impano yabafana ba opera yisi yose, byari bigoye cyane.
Ababyeyi ba Galina Ivanova baratandukanye igihe yari umwana. Umutwaro wo kwiyubaha umukobwa muto bahinduye nyirakuru, nyina wa se. Nkuko Galina Pavlovna yemeye, ababyeyi bahoraga bari mubantu. Umubyeyi wakangutse imbere y'intambara. Uyu mukobwa yari afite imyaka ye mu bwana no mu busore muri KronsAdt, aho yahuriye n'intambara yo guhiga. Naho isano iri hagati ya Galina Ivanova hamwe na nyina, nyuma yo gutandukana kw'imyaka 13, ibi ntabwo byari kumenya umukobwa we mu nama.
Afite imyaka 16, Galina Ivanova yagumye wenyine - nyirakuru ntiyarokotse kandi arapfa. Umukobwa yinjiye mu kwirwanaho ikirere. Ndetse na mbere yuko ibyo, bavumbuwe ko afite ijwi ryiza. Kubwibyo, Ivanov yakunze kugira uruhare mu bitaramo kuba babunganira. Yaririmbye ku mato, mu bitaro na magi. Umwaka umwe, umukobwa w'imyaka 17 yafashe akazi mu nzu y'umuco Vyborg, aho yakoraga nk'umufasha wungirije.
Intambara irangiye, umurimo w'ishuri ry'umuziki muri Vyborg. Galina, warose kuva kera cyane yitonda mu ntege nke, yahise ajya kwiga. Nyuma yo kuvanwaho hakuweho, umuririmbyi ukiri muto yakiriwe muri korari yikinamico ya Leningrad. Bidatinze, yizeraga amashyaka wenyine.
Umuziki
Galina Vishnevskaya Carter mu mwuga wa Galina (icyo gihe yari amaze gushaka kurongorwa n'uwashyinguwe n'umusare, uwo yasize izina rye ryiza) yari 1952. Umuhanzi ukiri muto yumvise amarushanwa afitwe na theatre nini. Nubwo Vishnevskaya atari afite uburere bwa muzika bwa kera, yakagoshe kandi yatumiwe kuri foreman.
Hafi ya ako kanya, umutware mukuru yahawe umwe mu mashyaka akomeye muri Opera "fidelio" - indishyi. Abashimira Opera baririmba bahise bashima impano n'amajwi adasanzwe ya Galina Vishnevskaya. Bidatinze, yahinduye inyanja ya BT. Amashyaka y'ingenzi yakurikijwe muri "Eugene Owerin", "Aida", "Intambara n'isi", "Umushyitsi w'abashyitsi" na "Logangrine".
Muri 1950-60, ubuzima bwo guhanga bwa Galina Vishnevskaya bwari gutsinda. Prima BT yasuye urugendo ruzenguruka muri Amerika, London na Milan, aho inyenyeri ya Operatie yateganyirije abashyitsi "ubusitani bwa La Slave".
Mu 1966, Vishnevskaya yateguye umwenda we kuri ecran. Yakinnye heroine nyamukuru ya film-opera "katerina Izmailov", yashyizwe kumuziki wa Dmitry Shostakovich. Muri uwo mwaka, Inyenyeri ya Opera Inyenyeri yakiriye amashuri makuru kuri Conservatori ya Moscou.
Mu mpera za 1960, umwuga Galina Vishnevskaya yamanutse vuba. Ibi byabanjirije inkunga ya Galina Pavlovna n'umugabo we MStislav Rostropovich's Solizhenitsyn, ukuyemo ubumwe bw'abanditsi. Izina rya Vishnevskoy ryaretse kuvuga mu binyamakuru, kuzenguruka byose ntibyemera kwandika amasahani mashya.
Galina Vishnevskaya yemeje ko uwo bashakanye ava mu mahanga, aho bakunda kandi ashimishwa guhanga kwabo. Iya mbere mu mpeshyi ya 1974 ibumoso Rostropovich. Inyuma ye, ahabwa kugenda nkurugendo rurerure, Galina Pavlovna yasize abana. Mu miryango ya mbere, umuryango wahagaze mu Bufaransa, hanyuma ubaga muri Amerika n'Ubwongereza. Nyuma ya Vishnevskaya na Rostropovich baguze imiturire i Paris, bambuwe ubwenegihugu muri USSR.
Muguma igihe kirekire mumahanga, Galina Vishnevskaya yakoreye ku isi nziza. Ingingo mu mwuga we yashyize ijambo rya nyuma muri Paris "Grand". Nyuma yibyo, umuririmbyi yishora mubikorwa byo kwigisha, ashyira aho bakora no kwandika abibuka. Igitabo cyitwa "Galina" cyasohotse i Washington. Ngaho Vishnevskaya muri Tone idahwitse yabwiye abasomyi ubuzima mu Burusiya.
Rostropovich na Vishnevskaya basubiye mu gihugu cyabo mu myaka ya za 90. Basubije ibihembo byose na Retaliya, kimwe n'ubwenegihugu. Ariko ntibamwemera. Vishnevskaya yabishishikarije kuba batigeze banga ubwenegihugu bw'Uburusiya kandi ntibamusabye gutaha.
Kuva mu 1993, Galina Pavlovna yakoraga muri theatre yitwa A. P. Chekhov. Yinjiye muri stage mu nshingano nyamukuru z'ibitaramo byinshi.
Mu 2002, umuririmbyi yatangiye kuyobora ikigo cya Moscou kuririmba. Urubuga rwemewe rwikigo rwashyize ijambo ryintangiriro ryumukobwa wumuririmbyi Olga rostropovich, aho umugore avuga iki kigo cya Opera, kimwe ninzozi nyamukuru ya Umuhanzi.
Galina Pavlovna yakoraga mu kigo cyacyo cya Opera aririmba iminsi itanu mu cyumweru. Byongeye kandi, Opera Diva yayoboye amasomo ya shebuja, amatike yahise agura.
Kuri ecran, abari aho babonye Opera Diva mu 2007 mu ruhare rwakurikiyeho alexander Sokurov.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubukwe bwa mbere bwa Galina Ivanovaya byabaye igihe umuririmbyi yahinduye 17. Georgy Vishnevsky yaje kuba umusare wa gisirikare. Ubu bukwe bwamaze amezi make gusa yo mu 1944. Kuri we, Galina yasize izina ribi.
Umugabo wa kabiri wa Vishnevskaya yaje kuba umuyobozi mukuru wa Leningrad Opera Markun Mark Rubin. Mu 1945, abashakanye bavutse umuhungu wa Ilya, wapfuye akiri muto. Ubukwe bwamaze imyaka 10, burangira ako kanya nyuma yo guhura na Galina Pavlovna hamwe na MStislav Rostropovich. Byabaye mu 1955 muri Prague w'isi y'urubyiruko. Bidatinze, abacuranzi barashyingiranywe. Abakobwa babiri bagaragaye mu bashakanye - Olga na Elena.
Uyu mugabo n'umugore bashakanye babanaga imyaka 52. Ubuzima bwite bwa Galina Vishnevskaya hafi yumugabo we ufite impano kandi ukundwa yarishimye kandi ndende.
Muri 2009, hasohotse documentaire yasohotse kuri ecran yitwa "Babiri kwisi. Galina Vishnevskaya na Mstislav Rostropovich, "ivuga inkuru y'urukundo rwa Opera diva na Diva. Filime yakuweho nk'ibiganiro hagati ya Galina Vishnevskaya n'umukobwa we Olga Rostropovich. Ku ishusho, abagore bishora nkibuka, nostalgia hamwe namagambo. Byongeye kandi, ifoto ikubiyemo amakadiri na firime bibitswe mu bubiko bwumuryango, ndetse nibihe biturutse kumashusho yerekana ibitaramo.
Vishnevskaya hamwe na Rostropovich ntabwo yari afite ibibazo mumuryango, nubwo igitabo cyihuse no gushyingirwa byihuse. Ariko umuryango wahuye nibibazo byo hanze. Hamwe na hamwe, abacuranzi barokotse ibitotezo, hamwe baretse barumuna babo, bagiye kwihimeza, basubira mu gihugu cyabo kavukire.
Ariko nanone, mu kiganiro, cyaje ku isabukuru yimyaka 87 umuririmbyi uzwi cyane, Galina Pavlovna wamamaye, Galina Pavlovna yavuze ko nubwo yaba afite amahirwe, umuririmbyi ntiyari asubiramo ikintu na kimwe mu gihe cye.
Urupfu
Galina Vishnevskaya mu mpera za 2012. Mu gihe cy'urupfu yari afite imyaka 87. Nkuko abaganga babimenyesheje, icyateye urupfu "ni" kuzimangana bisanzwe ". Galina Pavlovna yarokotse umugabo we Mstislav Rostropovich imyaka 5.
Nyuma yo gushyingura umubiri mu itorero rya Kristo Umukiza, umuririmbyi yashyinguwe ku irimbi rya Novodevichy.
Ibirori
- 1953 - Tatiana muri Opera "Evgeny Onegin" P. I. Tchaikovsky
- 1954 - Leonora muri Opera "Fidelio" L. Van Beethoven
- 1955 - Kupava muri Opera "Urubura Maiden" N. A. Rimsky-Korshikov
- 1957 - Katerina muri Opera "Taming wa Shrew" V. Shebalina
- 1957 - Krubino muri Opera Buff "Ubukwe Fidaro" V. Mozart
- 1957 - Ikinyugunyugu muri Opera "Chio-Chio-San" J. P. Pucchini
- 1959 - Lisa muri Opera "Peak Madamu" P. I. TChaikovsky
- 1959 - Natasha Rostov muri Opera "Intambara n'isi" S. S. PROKOFIEV
- 1962 - Donna Anna muri Opra "Umushyitsi w'abashyitsi" A. S. Dagomyzhsky
- 1964 - Violetta muri Opera "Traviata" J. Verdi
- 1965 - Intwari muri Opera "Ijwi ryabantu" F. Puleka
- 1970 - Marfa muri Opera "Umugeni wa THEIST" N. A. Rimsky-Korsokov
- 1971 - Floria Tosca muri Opera "Tosca" J. Pucchini
- 1973 - Francesca muri Opera "Francesca Da Rimini" S. Rakhmaninova
- 1974 - Polina muri Opera "Umukinnyi" S. S. PROKOFIEV