Ubuzima
Sergey Dovvelatov - Umwanditsi w'umusoviyeti na Amerika n'umunyamakuru wabonaga ko abujijwe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti. Ariko uyu munsi, icyarimwe, imirimo ine y'umwanditsi iza mu bitabo 100 basabwe na Minisiteri y'Uburezi w'Uburusiya bwo gusoma byigenga. Dovlatov afatwa nk'abanditsi basomwe cyane igice cya kabiri cy'Ikinyejana cya Xx, n'imirimo yacyo isenyuka.
Sergey yavukiye muri UFA mu muryango w'ikinamico. Se wa Donat Metchka yari umuyobozi w'umuyobozi, Mama Nora Relanovova yakinnye kuri stage, kandi imyaka myinshi yabaye akosora mu mubwiriza. Ku babyeyi b'umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza, umurwa mukuru wa Bashkiria ntabwo wari umujyi wavukiyemo: umuryango wimukiyeyo mu ntangiriro y'intambara. Nyuma yimyaka 3, ababyeyi basubiye i Leningrad, aho umwana n'urubyiruko rwa Dovlatov. Bidatinze Donat na Nora baratandukanye.
Seraja kuva mu bwana bumvise umuhungu winod. Tomptovat yubumenyi bwikiremwamuntu. Mu 1952, imirongo y'umuhungu w'imyaka cumi n'umwe yacapishijwe bwa mbere mu kinyamakuru cy'amakosa. Nk'uko umwanditsi abivuga, yakoresheje inyandiko eshatu ku nyamaswa, na kane - Joseph Stalin. Mu myaka y'ubusore, ashishikaye yakundaga umurimo wa ernest hemingsway.
Nyuma y'ishuri, Sergey yinjiye muri kaminuza yaho mu ishami rya filologiya, gutandukana kwa Finilande. Muri iyi Kaminuza, umusore yamaze imyaka ibiri n'igice, nyuma akurwa. Mu myaka y'abanyeshuri, Raine Evgeny, Anatoly Nimani, Joseph Brodsky yabaye inshuti z'umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza.
Umunyeshuri wagaragaye yahise ahamagara ingabo. Umusore wo kugabura yaguye mu ngabo zo kurengera ingando z'umurimo zo gukosora mu majyaruguru ya Komi. Biboneka byagize ingaruka zidashidika ku musore hanyuma ugashimangira imyumvire itavugwa yumwanditsi.
Nyuma yo kurangiza imyaka ishize, Tomgovatov yongeye kuba umunyeshuri wa kaminuza ya Leningrad, iki gihe gihitamo ishami ryitangazamakuru.
Ikinyamakuru cya mbere cy'Umunyamakuru ukiri muto ni St. Petersburg "ku masasu y'abatwara ibicuruzwa." Ibyabaye ku mwanditsi byashakishijwe no gushyikirana na bagenzi bacu bakiri bato bo mu itsinda rya Padaikov "aho V. Maramzin, I. Efimov, B. Vakhtin. Mu mwanya w'umufasha wa Sergey bwite wakoraga uyobowe n'umwanditsi w'Abasoviyeti wo kwizera Panova.
Abagera kuri 60, Dovlatov yari agishaka inzira ye, bityo yemera ubutumire bwayo tuziranye maze aba umukozi wo guhuza ibihangano by'imiterere ya Pricporial. Sergey Dovlatov yamenye umwihariko wa Kamnezes, yemerera umwanditsi kubona ibyiza.
Sergey ajya muri Leta ya Baltique kandi akorera mu bitabo "Soviet Esitoniya", "umusare wa Esitoniya" na "nimugoroba kaline". Nibyo, birakwiye ko tumenya ko kubwa Sergey yiyandikishije muri Tallinn yakoraga amezi menshi yo kwambara. Muri Mikhailovsky (akarere ka PSSFAO), TompTov yafashe igihe kinini cyizuba. Muri inzu ndangamurage-yashinzwe Alexander Cushkin, Sergey Diyatovich yakoze nkuyobora.
Nyuma, umugabo yasubiye mu murivu we kavuka maze mu 1976 mu gice cya kabiri cy'umwaka ufatanya n'ikinyamakuru cy'urubyiruko ". Hagati ya 70, ibyamamare by'abana byararenze imipaka y'umurwa mukuru w'amajyaruguru. Muhinduzi mukuru SVESTOSLAV Surrov yatonesha abanditsi b'abana Viktor Golowkina, Viktor Draval, Yuri Kovali, ndetse na "Bulat Okudzhava, ndetse na Optic Joseph Brodesky. Sergey Dovlatov yacapwe inkuru imwe gusa muri "umuriro", kandi yishimiye iki gikorwa.
Mu mpera za 70, inkuru zitari nke ninkuru zimaze kwegeranya Tyttov, zacapishijwe mumahanga mugihe cyimuka. Iyo iki kintu cyagaragaye, guhiga KGB yatangiye. Nabonye impamvu yo gutera umwanditsi mu mukiranutsi udasanzwe - kuri Hooliganiyam. Nyuma yibyo, mu 1978, Sergey yagombaga kujya muri Amerika.
I New York, umunyamakuru yabaye umwanditsi mukuru w'ikinyamakuru gishya cy'Abanyamerika "umunyamerika mushya", yakoraga kuri radiyo, kandi akomeza guhimba ibikorwa bye. Umunyamisiri mushya yahaye umwanditsi n'ubutunzi, kandi azwi, no gukundwa, n'umurimo ushimishije, ariko kugeza igihe yabayeho mu Burusiya kandi aramutse abuze mbere yo gusenyuka kwa GSSR, ariko, birashoboka ko yasubiye mu rugo.
Ubuvanganzo
Kwandika Prose Sergey Dovlatov yatangiye mu gisirikare. Ariko ibinyamakuru n'ibinyamakuru byanze inyandiko z'umwanditsi, bityo umwanditsi yagombaga gucapurwa muri "Samizdat", kimwe n'ibinyamakuru byimukira "umugabane", "natwe" n'abandi.
Imyitozo isa muri ussr, kugirango ishyire mu bwitonzi, ntabwo yakiriye. Dovlatov yakuwe mu bumwe bw'abanyamakuru, ni ukuvuga, Dovlatov atagishoboye gukora mu kigero, kandi hashyizweho ibitabo bitanu "inzu itanu yo gusohora" Estoniya ". Yasenywe burundu kubisabwa KGB. Mugihe kirekire cyo guhanga biografiya, Sergey Dovlatov ntishobora gushyirwa mubikorwa nkumwanditsi.
Ariko sergey Do'inatovich yagiye muri Amerika, hari imigani y'umwanditsi yo gucapa umwe umwe. Mu 1977, Ardis yasohoye igitabo cy '"igitabo kitagaragara" umwanditsi mu kirusiya. Igitabo cya mbere mu kwimuka ku gahato Sergey Dovlatov kugira ngo akore ku mwuka kandi yiyemere ubwayo. Ndashimira ibinyamakuru bizwi cyane na PartIsan Isubiramo na New Yorker, Dovlatov yageze ku kumenya cyane abasomyi. Kubwibyo, igitabo cyatangiriyeho nibitabo byuzuye.
Igikorwa cya mbere kijyanye n'ubuzima muri Amerika, cyanditswe kandi gisohoka mu mahanga, ni inkuru "Amahanga". Igitabo Ijambo ryerekeye ubuzima bwa buri munsi bwo kwimuka mu Burusiya. Intwari nyamukuru ya Marusya Tatarovich, ntagaragara, impamvu zatewe no kumwanya muto hanyuma ukava muri usss ku giti cyiza i New York. Ahantu hashya, umugore atangira guhura na Amerika y'Epfo Rafayeli, ubuzima bw'intwari nabwo busobanura kandi bunyanye n'ikinyoni, nko mu gihugu cye.
Tasses, ibitabo no gukusanya ibishushanyo mbonera "," ivarisi yacu "," kuri mugenzi we, "kumvikana", "kumvikana" na "zone: Inyandiko z'Umuyoboro".
Ku myaka 12 yimuka avuye mu ikaramu y'umwanditsi, ibitabo icumi byasohotse, batsinze muri Amerika n'Uburayi, n'abasomyi b'Abarusiya bamenyereye ibyo bakora binyuze muri gahunda y'umwanditsi "kuri radiyo" umudendezo ". .
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ibihuha byakwirakwijwe ko Sergey Dovlatov yari afite akwanga magana make. Mubyukuri, uyu muntu mubuzima bwe bwite yarabujijwe kandi bigoye byakomeje kuvugana, cyane cyane hamwe nabagore. Mubuzima bwumwanditsi hari abagore babiri bagana hamwe nabasivili umwe. Nta na rimwe mu nzozi zimenyerewe zizi ku wundi mukundwa, kandi aba bagore barashobora kwitirirwa icyiciro cyibihimbano, cyane cyane kuva nta cyemezo kiri muburyo bw'amafoto ahuriweho nta bubiko bwihariye cyangwa mububiko bwumwanditsi.
Hamwe nuwo bashakanye ba mbere Aziya Pekurovskaya Sergey yabayeho imyaka umunani. Urubyiruko rwateraniye muri umunyeshuri kandi ruhita ruhura nurukundo runini ariko nyuma akiri muto yahisemo kuba inshuti yamenyekanye numwanditsi Vasily Aksenov. Nyuma yo gutandukana byagaragaye ko Aziya yari atwite.
Umwanya wo gutandukana wabereye bikabije. Sergey Dovvelatov yarwanijwe n'Amakuru kandi akangisha ace mu kiganiro ku giti cye cyo kwiyahura. Umukobwa yagumye ashimangiye. Uwo mwashakanye agamije umukobwa imbunda. Nyuma yirangi, yagendaga kuruhande, agera kugirango ahunge inzu ya Sergey. Bidatinze, uwahoze ari umugore yabyaye umukobwa wa Mariya, ariko ntiyakibona akoresheje ipite. Noneho Maria Pekurovskaya aba muri Amerika kandi afata umwanya wa Visi-Perezida w'ishami ryamamaza ryamashusho rusange.
Hanyuma Elena Ritman, umugore ufite imico nyayo yagaragaye mubuzima bwa prose. Uyu mugore ashinzwe uyu mugore. Sergey na Elena bahise bashyingiranywe nyuma yo kugaruka k'umusore ukomoka mu gisirikare, abaho imyaka myinshi, ariko rero amarangamutima yacogoye. Injyana yasanze umwanya wo kwimukira, yateguwe ubutane kandi, afata umukobwa wa kabiri wa Delatov, yimukiye muri Amerika.
Na none, Sergey asigaye Hatatovich yazanye Tamara Zibunova, wabyaye umwanditsi undi mukobwa Alexandre. Ariko iyo mibanire yamaze igihe kinini. Mu 1978, iterabwoba ryo gufata umwanditsi, Sergey akurikira Elena Rhythman i New York, aho yashakanye n'uwahoze ari umugore.
Umuhungu wa mbere wa Delatov yavukiye mumuryango, yitiriwe Nicholas Nicholas Dulley. Elena yagize uruhare rukomeye ku murimo w'umugabo we. Uwo mwashakanye yahinduye umushinga w'ibanze, ahatirwa kwandikira ibintu byiza byatsinze, kandi injyana ya Dovlatova gusa yazamuye ibitabo by'uwo mwashakanye igera kuri rubanda.
Urupfu
Sergey Dovlatov aracyari muri Leta y'Ubumwe y'Abasoviyeti yakoresheje inzoga, iya Bohemia yafatwaga nkibisanzwe. Muri Amerika, umwanditsi aryamye cyane, ariko ntibyari byitaye ku nzoga. Muri icyo gihe, buri muganga wasuzumye Phaaika, yavuze - umwanditsi ni ubuzima bwiza, bwiza.
Ababaye mu buryo butunguranye byabaye urupfu rutunguranye, ibirenga Sergey Donatovich ku ya 24 Kanama 1990. Ibi byabereye i New York, kandi impamvu yerekeye urupfu ifatwa nkaho idahagije. Dovlatov yashyinguwe mu mujyi umwe, mu irimbi rya Moudron Hemery mu gace ka Queens.
Bibliografiya
- 1977 - "Igitabo kitagaragara"
- 1980 - "Solo ku Basiwwood: Ikaye"
- 1981 - "Kwiyunga"
- 1982 - "Zone: Inyandiko za Warden"
- 1983 - "Reserve"
- 1983 - "Igishanga cyonyine"
- 1985 - "Abakunzi ba Damarsh"
- 1986 - "Ivarisi"
- 1987 - "Kwerekana"
- 1990 - "Ishami"
Amagambo
- "Umuntu wiyubashye niwe ukora nabi nta binezeza"
- "Abantu benshi basuzuma ibibazo bidasabwe, bibatera."
- Ati: "Ntekereza ko urukundo rutameze neza. Hariho gusa - yego cyangwa oya "
- "Umugabo Umuntu ni byo byose ... Ukurikije imiterere y'ibihe"