Ubuzima
"Umuterankunga w'igihugu cy'Uburusiya" na Ivan Mukuru witwa Abakomoka ku Mutegetsi wabo Ivan III Vasilyevich. Na Nikolai Karamzin bashyize hejuru muri Mesiya ndetse aruta Petero I. We, umutware mukuru wa Moscou, ku ya 1562 kugeza 1505, kubiba byongera kongera ifasi ya kilometero ibihumbi 24. Ariko ikintu cyingenzi - yaje kwanga kuzigama rusi ku kazi buri mwaka kugirango yitinye cyane horde ya zahabu.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ivan yavutse iya gatatu muri Mutarama 1440. Umuhungu aba umuhungu mukuru wa Moscou Moscou nini ya Moscou II Vasilyevich na Mariya yaroslavna, umwuzukuru wa Prince Vladimir Intwari. Igihe Ivan yari afite imyaka 5, se yafatiwe mu Tatars. Mu muryango wa Moscou, yahise azukwa ku ntebe y'ukuru mukuru y'uko ubwoko bw'abakomoka kuri Ivan Kalita - Umuganwa Dmitry Yuryyevich Shemyaki Shemyaki Shemyaki Shemyaki Shemyaki Shemyak. Kuberako yibohoza, Vasil II yahatiwe gusezeranya Tatadi incungu, nyuma yuko igikomangoma kirarekurwa. Ageze i Moscou, Yongeye gutwaraga intebe, Shemaki yagiye muri Unlich.
Benshi mu gihe batishimiye ibikorwa by'umutware, barushijeho kuba bahagaze, bongera umusoro kuri horde. Dmitry Yuryvich yabaye umuteguro w'ubugambanyi ku gikomangoma kinini, hamwe na bagenzi be bajyanye Vasil II arafatwa arahuma. Ugereranije Vasily II hamwe nabana be bashoboye gutoroka i Murom. Ariko bidatinze, igikomangoma cyirukanywe, icyo gihe yakiriye izina ryijimye kubera ubuhumyi, yagiye kuri Tver. Agezeyo, yinjije inkunga y'umutware wa Boris Grand Tver, amaze gupfunyika Ivan w'imyaka itandatu n'umukobwa we Maria Borisovna.
Bidatinze, yashoboye kugarura ubutegetsi i Moscou, hanyuma nyuma y'urupfu rwa Shemyasi, abasivili barahagurutse. Amaze gushyingirwa mu 1452 hamwe n'umugeni, Ivan yabaye inshuti ya se. Mu myanzuro ye, Pereslavl-Zalessky yari umujyi, kandi ku myaka 15 ivan imaze imyaka 15 imaze kugera mu rugendo rwa mbere rurwanya Tatar. Mu myaka 20, igikomangoma gikiri gito cyayoboye ingabo za Moscou.
Kuri 22, Ivan yagombaga gufata ikibaho yigenga: Vasil II yarakandagiye.
Inteko Nyobozi
Nyuma y'urupfu rwa se Ivan, uwa gatatu twarazwe intego nini kandi ikomeye, irimo igice cya Moscou n'umujyi munini: Kostroma, Vestroma, Suzhal, Nizhny Novgorod. Abavandimwe ba Ivan Andrei Bolshaya, Andrei, bike na Boris, bagwa mu biro bya Uglich, Vologda na volokolamsk.Ivan III, nkuko se yariga, akomeza politiki ye yo gukusanya. Yahujije leta y'Uburusiya uburyo bwose bushoboka: Aho diplomasi n'ujijuka, n'aho n'imbaraga. Mu 1463, Ivan III yashoboye gushyira umutware warotsi, muri leta 1474 yongerewe nubutaka bwa Rostov.
Ariko bwari intangiriro. Rus yakomeje kwihanganira, byihuse kuruta ikibanza kinini mu bihugu bya Nowgorod. Hanyuma, Tver yemereye imbabazi z'uwatsinze, buhoro buhoro yimukira mu butunzi bwa Ivan Vyatka na Paskov.
Umuyoboro Mukuru washoboye gutsinda mu ntambara ebyiri hamwe na Lituwaniya, witondere igice kinini cy'umwotsi n'abakomangoma bya hernihIv. Triste Ivan III yishyuye gahunda ya Livoni.
Icyabaye gikomeye ku ngoma ya Ivan III nicyo cyinjije Novgorod. Umushinga ukomeye wa Moscou wagerageje kwomeka Novgorod kuva mu gihe cya Ivan Kalita, ariko byashobokaga gutwika umujyi wa Tan. Novgorod yashatse kubungabunga ubwigenge muri Moscou ndetse ashakisha inkunga ya Lituwaniya. Kuva ku ntambwe ya nyuma, babafashe gusa ko orthodogisi yo muri uru rubanza yakorewe akaga.
Ariko rero, n'amazi yo mu kirwa cya Lituwaniya, igikomangoma Mikhail Oleolkovich, mu 1470, Novgorod yasinyanye amasezerano n'Umwami Casemir. Amaze kumenya iki, Ivan III yohereje intumwa mu mujyi wa mu gitondo, kandi nyuma yo kutarangirira mu mwaka yatangiye intambara. Ku ntambara ya Sheloloni, Novgorods yaravunitse, ariko nta mfashanyo yakurikijwe kuva Lituwaniya. Kubera imishyikirano, Novgorod yatangajwe ko yahohotewe igikomangoma cya Moscou.
Nyuma yimyaka itandatu, Ivan III yafashe urundi rugendo muri Novgorod, nyuma yuko abahungu b'umuhungu banze kumenya Umutegetsi we. Imyaka ibiri, umutware mukuru yayoboye clouster kuri Novgorod, kugota amaherezo bigengwa numujyi. Mu 1480, abatuye Novgorod batangiye mu gihugu cy'Ubutaka bwa Moscou, na Moscou na Kadamu n'abacuruzi - kuri Novgorod.
Ariko ikintu cyingenzi - kuva 1480 moscow grand moscou yahagaritse kwishyura ordi. Rus, amaherezo, ava mu myaka 250 y'ingogo. Birashimishije kubona ko bishoboka kugera ku kwibohora nta kumena amaraso. Mu mpeshyi zose z'ingabo za Ivani Great na Khan Akhmat bahagaze hagati yabo. Batandukanye gusa numugezi wa UGROME (uhagaze mu mujura). Ariko urugamba ntirubaye - abahami baragendanaga n'ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose. Mu mikino imitsi yatsindiye ingabo zUmuganwa w'Uburusiya.
Kandi ku ngoma ya Ivan III, ubukorikori bwa Moscow iriho bwagaragaye, buturuka ku matafari ahabereye inyubako ishaje. Urukiko rw'amategeko ya Leta rwanditswe kandi rwemejwe, urubanza, guhitamo imbaraga zikiri nto. Twagaragaye kandi primator ya diplomasi na sisitemu ya nyir'ubutaka bwateye imbere mugihe cyabo. Tangira gushingwa Serfdom. Abahinzi bahoze bava kuri nyirayo umwe mukindi bwisanzure, ubu bari bagarukira kuri manda yumunsi wa Yurian. Kugirango tubanjire, hagaragaye igihe cyumwaka - icyumweru mbere na nyuma yikiruhuko cya Autumn George yatsinze.
Ndashimira Ivan, umuyobozi wa gatatu ukomeye wa Moscou yahindutse igihugu gikomeye, cyize mu Burayi. Kandi ivan we ubwe yaje kuba umutegetsi wa mbere w'Uburusiya, witwa "Gelay Duch yo mu Burusiya bwose." Abahanga mu by'amateka bavuga ko Uburusiya ubu bushingiye ku rufatiro Ivan III Vasilyevich yashyizwemo ibikorwa byayo. Ndetse na kagoma-imitwe ibiri - kandi yashishimuye ikoti ry'intwaro nyuma y'ubutegetsi bwa Grand Duke Pakevsky. Undi yatijwe n'ikimenyetso cya Bhwantaium cy'Umuyobozi wa Moscou yari ishusho ya George yatsinze, akubita chat zmia.
Bavuga ko inyigisho "Moscou - Roma ya gatatu" yatangiye igihe cy'ingoma ya Ivan Vasilyevich. Mubidatangaje, kuko hamwe nayo, ingano ya leta yiyongereyeho hafi inshuro 3.
Ubuzima bwihariye Ivan III
Umugore wa mbere wa Ivan Umukomangoma yari Umuganwakazi Tverskaya Maria. Ariko yarapfuye, abyara umugabo we wumuhungu wa Ivan muto.
Ubuzima bwite Ivan III yahindutse imyaka 3 nyuma y'urupfu rw'umugore we. Gushyingirwa ku mwamikazi kamurikiye, mwishywa na skeleting y'Umwami w'abami baheruka Bhanantaium Zyee Paleologue, yagaragaye ko ari abanyamabere nk'Uburusiya we ndetse no mu Burusiya bwose. Sofiya Yabatijwe muri orotodogisi yazanye ibishya byinshi kandi bifite akamaro mubuzima bwa kera.
Ikinyoma cyagaragaye mu rukiko. Sophia Fonichna Paleologus yashimangiye ku murwa mukuru, "kwandika" kuva mu Burayi bw'abubatsi b'Abaroma. Ariko icy'ingenzi nuko yaroroheje umugabo we gufata icyemezo cyo kwanga ko guha icyubahiro HORDE ya zahabu, kuko abana bato batinya cyane intambwe ikomeye. Ushyigikiwe nuwo mwashakanye w'indahemuka, Umutegetsi wamenaguye Khan ataha, abambasasalitari Tatar baramuzanye.
Birashoboka, Ivan na Sophia bakundana rwose. Umugabo yateze amatwi ubwenge bwubwenge bwumugore we wose umurimbuke, nubwo atari kimwe nabahungu be, wari wigeze agira uruhare runini ku gikomangoma. Muri ubu bukwe, bwabaye ingofero yambere, urubyaro rwinshi rwagaragaye - abahungu 5 nabakobwa 4. Kuri umwe mu bahungu, wa III, yatsinze imbaraga za Leta.
Urupfu rwa Ivan III
Ivan III yarokotse umugore we yakundaga imyaka 2 gusa. Ntabwo yari 27 Ukwakira 1505. Umutware Mukuru yashyinguwe muri katedrali ya Ikatederali.Nyuma, mu 1929, ibisigisigi by'abagore bombi ba Ivani Mukuru - Mary Borisovna na Sofia na Sofia bimuriwe mu nsi yo munsi y'urusengero.
Kwibuka
Kwibuka Ivan III kidapfa mu mbuto nyinshi ziheba ziherereye i Kaluga, Naryan Mare, i Moscou, mu veliky Novgorod urwibutso rw'Uburusiya. Biografiya ya Grand Duke yitangiye documentaire nyinshi, harimo kuva murukurikirane rwa Rus. Inkuru y'urukundo rwa Ivan Vasilyevich na Sofiya Paleologue yari ashingiye ku mugambi w'uruhererekane rw'ikirusiya alleey andrinosova "Sofiya", aho uruhare runini tsyganov na Maria Andreeva.
Urukurikirane "Grozny", rwasohotse muri 2020, rwabaye gukomeza uyu mushinga w'amateka. Uruhare rwa Ivan III rwongeye kujya i Tsyganov, ishusho ya Ivani iteye ubwoba yagaragaye abakinnyi bakinnyi Alenander Yaterko na Sergey Makovetsky. No ku ishusho, Yuri Kolokolnikov, Victor Sukhorukov, Tatyana Lyalina.