Ubuzima
Marina Ivanovna TSVEEVA - Igitabo cy'Uburusiya, umusemuzi, umwanditsi w'umwanditsi w'inyandiko ya biografiya n'ingingo zikomeye. Bifatwa nk'imwe mu bantu b'ingenzi mu mivugo y'isi yo mu kinyejana cya 20. Uyu munsi bitwa Shittotiy Ibisigo nkibi bya Marina Tsveeva byerekeranye urukundo, nkuko "byunamye ku nkingi biteye isoni ...", "Ejo narebye mu maso ..." n'abandi benshi.
Isabukuru ya Marina Tsveeva yaguye ku kiruhuko cya orotodogisi yo kwibuka intumwa Yohana bogoslov. Ibi bihe bya poetess nyuma hagaragaza inshuro nyinshi mubikorwa bye. Umukobwa mu Moscow yavutse, mu muryango wa Professor Kaminuza Moscow, a philologist n'ubuhanga by'amateka Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaeva ikirangirire, kandi umugore we wa kabiri Mariya Maine, piyano umwuga, umunyeshuri wa Nikolai Rubinstein ubwe. Kuri Padiri, Marina yari afite agapapuro ka Andrei na Mushikiwabo Valeriya, ndetse na murumuna we kavukire Anastasia. Imyuga yo guhanga y'ababyeyi yashyize igikumwe n'inzu ya Tstseeva. Mama yatoje umukino we ku piyano kandi arota kubona umukobwa ufite umucuranzi, kandi se yinjije gukunda ibitabo byiza n'indimi z'amahanga.
Byabaye rero ko Marina na Mama bakunze kuba mu mahanga, bityo ivuga ku buntu atari mu kirusiya gusa, ahubwo no mu gifaransa no mu kidage. Byongeye kandi, iyo marina ts marvevaeva wimyaka itandatu yimyaka itandatu yatangiye kwandika ibisigo, yahimbye kuri bitatu byose, nibindi byose - mu gifaransa. Uburezi furi furi furi azwi cyane batangiye kwakira siporo y'abagore ku giti cyabo, nyuma yiga mu mazu y'abashyitsi ku bakobwa bo mu Busuwisi no mu Busuwisi. Afite imyaka 16, yagerageje kumva inzira y'ibiganiro ku bitabo by'ubutabazi bya Stirofranceni muri Paris Sorbonne, ariko amahugurwa ntarangiza.
Igihe Pheetess T'Staeva yatangiraga gutangaza ibisigo bye, yatangiye gushyikirana neza n'uruziga rw'ibimenyetso bya Moscou no kugira uruhare rugaragara mu buzima bw'imigezi na sitidiyo munsi yo gusohora "MusAget". Bidatinze, intambara y'abenegihugu iratangira. Iyi myaka yagize igoye cyane kumiterere yumukobwa. Ikinyurane cy'ahavukiye ku cyera n'ibigize bitukura ntabwo yemeye kandi ntiyemeza. Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1922, Marina Olegovna agera ku ruhushya rwo kwimukira mu Burusiya no kujya muri Repubulika ya Ceki, aho umugabo we yirutse, Sergey Efron, yakoraga muri kaminuza yera, none yiga muri kaminuza ya Prague.
Kuva kera, ubuzima bwa Maria Tsveeva bwahujwe na Prague gusa, ahubwo no kuri Berlin, kandi mu myaka itatu umuryango we washoboye kugera mu murwa mukuru w'Abafaransa. Ariko ngaho, umunezero, umugore ntiyigeze yunguka. Abantu bateje imbere abantu bagize uruhare mu mugambi wo kurwanya umuhungu w'intare nta karorizi kandi ko yinjijwe na guverinoma y'Abasoviyeti. Byongeye kandi, Marina yamenye ko mu mwuka we atari umwimwazi, kandi Uburusiya ntibureka ibitekerezo bye n'imitima ye.
Igisigo
Icyegeranyo cya mbere cya Marina Tsveeva cyitwa "Album nimugoroba" yabonye urumuri mu 1910. Yashyize ahanini ibyo yaremye yanditse mumyaka yishuri. Guhanga cyane ko poetess yo mu rubyiruko yakundaga abanditsi b'itangazamakuru, umugabo wa Akhmatova uzwiho, Nikolai GumilOOv, Nikolai GumilOOv, Nikolai GumilOOv, Nikolai GumilOv, Nikolai GumilOOv, Nikolai GumilOv, Nikolai GumilOOv, Nikolai GumilOOv, Nikolai GumilOOv, Nikolai GumilOOv, Nikolai GumilOOv, Nikolai GumilOOv, Nikolai GumilOOv, Nikolai GumilOOv, Nikolai GumilOOv, Nikolai GumilOOv, Nikolai GumilOOv, Nikolai GumilOOv, Nikolai GumilOOv, Nikolai GumilOv, n'Umufatira Ikimenyetso cy'Uburusiya Ku muhengeri wo gutsinda, Marina yandika ingingo ya mbere ya ProSaic "ubumaji ku murongo Brysov". By the way, aho ikintu kidasanzwe nuko ibitabo byambere yasohoye kumafaranga yabo.
Bidatinze, "amarozi" ya Marina Tsveeva yasohotse, icyegeranyo cye cya kabiri cy'ibisigo, nyuma yaho hakurikiraho umurimo ukurikira - "w'ibitabo byombi." Mbere gato y'impinduramatwara, ubuzima bwa Marina Tsveeva bwahujwe n'umujyi wa Alexandrov, aho yazaga gusura mushiki wa Anastasia ndetse n'uwo mwashakanye. Duhereye ku guhanga, iki gihe ni ingenzi muri ko cyuzuyemo abantu bakunda abantu ndetse n'ahantu bakundwaga nyuma y'inzobere muri Tsvetaeva. " Nibwo uwo mugore yaremye inzinguzingo zizwi mu bisigo "kuri Akhmatova" na "ibisigo kuri Moscou".
Mu gihe cy'intambara y'abenegihugu, Marina yashonje ku bw'impumuro yera, nubwo, nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, muri rusange, igabana ry'igihugu ku mabara asabwa ntiyemewe. Muri icyo gihe, yanditse ibisigo byo gukusanya "swan stan", kimwe n'ibisigo binini "Tsar-marn", "Egrushka", "kuri rone ya Red KONE" na ikinamico. Nyuma yo kwimukira mu mahanga, poetess yagize uruhare runini runini - "igivugo cy'umusozi" n '"igivugo cy'imperuka", kizaba mu mirimo minini. Ariko imirongo myinshi yigihe cyimuka ntabwo yatangajwe. Iya nyuma yasohotse icyegeranyo "nyuma y'Uburusiya", bwarimo inyandiko za Marina Tsveeva kugeza mu 1925. Nubwo atigeze areka kwandika.
Igitabo cy'abanyamahanga cyashimye cyane cyane Porose ya Tristoeva - kwibuka inkomoko y'Abasizi Andrei cyera, "voimilian", Mikhailian "." Inzu ya kera "n'abandi. Ariko ibisigo ntibyaguze, nubwo Marina yanditse uruziga rwiza rwa Mayakovsky, "umuse mu muse" kwiyahura Umusizi wa Sovieti. Vladimir Vladimirovich yatunguye umugore ko mumyaka myinshi ushobora kumva, usoma ibi bisigo bya Marina Tsveeva.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Numugabo we uzaza, Sergei Efron wo muri Poetess yateraniye mu 1911 mu nzu y'incuti ye voimilian Voloshin muri Koktebeli. Nyuma y'amezi atandatu, babaye umugabo n'umugore we, bidatinze umukobwa we mukuru Ariadne yagaragaye. Ariko Marina yari umugore ukunda cyane kandi mubihe bitandukanye, abandi bagabo bigarurira umutima we. Kurugero, umusizi ukomeye wu Burusiya Boris Paspak, ninde Tsveeva yari afite umubano wimyaka 10 wurukundo, ntabwo yahagaritse nyuma yimuka.
Byongeye kandi, muri Prague, poetess yatangiye igitabo cyumuyaga hamwe numunyamategeko na sculptor konsantin rodzevich. Ihuza ryabo ryamaranye amezi atandatu, hanyuma Marina, witanze kunyeganyega kwera kandi urukundo rwumusozi ", bityo agamfasha kumufasha guhitamo umupira w'ubukwe, bityo ashyira umugemo mu mibanire y'urukundo .
Ariko ubuzima bwihariye bwa Marina Tsveeva bwahujwe nabagabo gusa. Ndetse na mbere yuko abimukira, mu 1914 yahuye mu rugi rw'ubuvanganzo n'ubuvanze n'umusemuzi Sophia Gamek. Abadamu bavumbuye impuhwe kuri mugenzi wabo, bidatinze bahindutse ikindi kintu. Marina yeguriwe umukunzi wakundaga cyane ibisigo "umukunzi", nyuma yubusambanyi bwabo bwasohotse mu gicucu. Efron yari azi igitabo cy'umugore we ishyari cyane, ahagurukira amashusho, na Tstseeva bahatiwe kumutonga muri Sofiya. Ariko, mu 1916 yatandukanije n'umukino, asubira mu bashakanye n'umukobwa we Irina babyara umugore we. Kubijyanye no guhuza bidasanzwe kwa poetess bizavuga nyuma ko umugore akunda umugore wishyamba, ariko abagabo bamwe ni bo bararambiranye. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, gukunda garina ya Maria na "ibyago byambere mubuzima bwe."
Nyuma yo kuvuka k'umukobwa wa kabiri, Marina Tsveeva ahura n'umuzamu w'umukara mu buzima. Impinduramatwara, hunge umugabo mu mahanga, ukeneye cyane, inzara. Umukobwa mukuru wa Ariadne yararwaye cyane, kandi Tstseeva yahaye abana ubuhungiro mu mudugudu wa Kurtsovo hafi ya Moscou. Ariadna yagaruwe, ariko ararwaye kandi irina yapfuye afite imyaka itatu.
Nyuma, nyuma yo kongera guhura n'umugabo we i Prague, Poetess yabyaye umwana wa gatatu - mwene George, witwaga "Moore" mu muryango. Umuhungu yarababaye kandi yoroshye ariko, mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose yagiye imbere, aho yapfiriye mu mpeshyi 1944. Georgy Efron yashyinguwe mu mva rusange mu karere ka Vitebsk. Bitewe nuko atabikesha cyangwa George yabyaranye abana babo, noneho uyumunsi nta butazi bubakomoka kuri Pointess ikomeye.
Urupfu
Mu kwimuka, Marina n'umuryango we babaga mu bukene. umugabo Tsvetaee yabaga umurimo kubera indwara, Georgy yari burundu Yazibye, Ariadne bagerageje ubufasha amafaranga, embroider ingofero, ariko mu by'ukuri binjiza yari amafaranga ingume kuko ingingo no igakora ko Marina Tsvetaeva yanditse. Yahamagaye gutinda mu gihe gito cyane kubera inzara. Kubwibyo, abagize umuryango bose bahora bahindukirira ambasade ya Sovieti bafite icyifuzo cyo gusubira mu gihugu cyabo.
Mu 1937, abona uburenganzira bwa Ariadne, nyuma y'amezi atandatu, Sergey Efrwan yimukira rwihishwa muri Moscou, kubera ko mu Bufaransa yavuganye ko yafashwe nka perezida wintso y'ubwicanyi bwa politiki. Nyuma yigihe gito, yambukiranya kumupaka wa Marina n'umuhungu we. Ariko kugaruka byahindutse amahano. Vuba cyane, NKVD yataye muri yombi umukobwa, kandi kuri we n'umugabo we bafite ibara. Niba ari Ariadne nyuma y'urupfu rwa Joseph Stalin, nta myaka irenga 15, yongeye kuvugururwa mu Kwakira 1941.
Ariko, umugore we ntiyari abizi. Igihe intambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu yatangiraga, umuhungu ufite umuhungu w'umwangavu yagiye kwimurwa mu mujyi wa Elabuga ku ruzi rwa Kame. Kugirango ubone kwiyandikisha by'agateganyo, poetess ihatirwa kubona akazi ku gihirahiro. Amagambo ye yakundaga ku ya 28 Kanama 1941, nyuma y'iminsi itatu, TSTTTAEVA yiyahuye, yishimisha mu nzu bari bariyemeje na George. Marina yasize inoti eshatu zo kwiyahura. Yabwiye umuhungu we umwe asaba imbabazi, ndetse no mu bandi babiri bajuririye abantu basaba kwita ku muhungu.
Birashimishije cyane kuba igihe Marina Tsveeva yari yagiye kwimuka gusa, inshuti ndende yongeye kumufasha mubipfunyike byibintu, byihariye byaguwe umugozi kugirango biboneke ibintu. Umugabo yashimye ko yakuye umugozi uhamye - "nubwo amanitse" ... ni we wabaye igikoresho cyo kwiyahura kwa Marina Ivanovna. Nashyinguye Trishaeva muri Elabuga, ariko kubera ko intambara yagiye, umwanya ushyinguwe ntusuzugure kugeza ubu. Gasutamo ya orotodogisi ntiyemerera kwiyahura, ariko Umwepiskopi utegeka imbaraga arashobora gukora ibintu bidasanzwe. Kandi sekuruza w'ikuru Alexy Ii mu 1991, ku isabukuru yimyaka 50 y'urupfu, yifashishije iyi nzira. Umuhango w'itorero wabereye mu itorero rya Moscou wo kuzamuka kwa Nyagasani mu irembo rya Nikitsky.
Kwibuka abapadiri bakomeye b'Abarusiya, inzu ndangamurage ya Maria Tsveeva yafunguwe, ntanumwe. Hariho inzu isa yo kwibuka mu mijyi ya Tiro, Korolev, Ivanov, Ivanov, Feodosia n'ahandi henshi. Ku nkombe z'umugezi wa Okey, urwibutso rw'umurimo wa Oris Messitse. Hariho inzibutso zishushanyije no mu yindi mijyi y'Uburusiya, hafi ndetse no mu mahanga.
Ibyegeranyo
- 1910 - Album ya nimugoroba
- 1912 - Itara rya Magic
- 1913 - Kuva mu bitabo bibiri
- 1920 - Tsar-Maiden
- 1921 - Swan Stan
- 1923 - Tsyche. Urukundo
- 1924 - Igisigo Umusozi
- 1924 - Umuvugo wimperuka
- 1928 - Nyuma y'Uburusiya
- 1930 - Siberiya.