Ubuzima
Umwe mu basizi banduye kandi batandukanye kandi bafite impano ya Anna Goneko, bizwi cyane ku bashimuriza nka Akhmatov, babayeho igihe kirekire kandi bukize mu bintu biteye agahinda ndetse no mu bintu bibabaje. Ibi byishimye kandi icyarimwe umugore woroshye wabaye ubuhamya bwimvugo ebyiri n'intambara ebyiri z'isi. Ubugingo bwe bwarasekeje igituba n'urupfu rw'abantu ba hafi. Ubuzima bwa Anna Akhmatova bukwiye igitabo cyangwa uguhinganaga inshuro nyinshi kandi bituma abo mu gihe cye, ndetse no mu gisekuru cya nyuma cyo gukinisha, abayobozi n'abanditsi.
Anna Gorenko yavutse mu mpeshyi yo mu 1889 mu muryango w'abanyacyubahiro ku muzungura na Mechani yamenetse ya Andrei Andree Andreevich Gorenko na Inna Erobmovna, bahanganye n'intore zo guhanga. Uyu mukobwa yavukiye mu majyepfo y'umujyi, mu nzu yari iherereye mu gace kanini. Byaragaragaye ko ari uburambe bwa gatatu kuva abana batandatu.
Umwana ukimara kuba afite umwaka, ababyeyi bimukiye i St. Petersburg, aho umutware w'umuryango yakiriye urwego rwa Sussisor Gersor maze aba umuyobozi wa Leta agenga amabwiriza yihariye. Umuryango watuye mu mudugudu wa cyami, aho abana bose bibuka muri Akhmatova barahujwe. Nanny yatwaye umukobwa wagenda muri parike ya Tsarskoyel n'ahandi hantu hakomeje kwibukwa na Alexander fushkin. Bana bahuguye ikinyabupfura. Anyana yize ku nyuguti z'intare, naho Abafaransa bize ndetse no mu rubyiruko, bumva abarimu abarimu abana be bakuru.
Uburezi buzaza poetess yakiriwe muri gymnasium y'abagore ba Mariinsky. Anna Akhmatova Ibisigo byatangiye kwandika, nkuko we mu myaka 11. Birashimishije ko iyo migori kuri we itafunguwe n'imirimo ya Alegizandere Cushkin na Mikhail Lermontov, uwo yakundaga nyuma, na Oodas nini ya Gabravin n'Izuru, izuru ritukura ", ryari yasomwe na mama.
Umusore Gonko yakundaga St. Petersburg ubuziraherezo kandi amufata umujyi mukuru w'ubuzima bwe. Yari mwiza cyane ku mihanda ye, parike na neva, igihe nagombaga kugenda hamwe na mama mu vyo, hanyuma i Kiev. Ababyeyi baratandukanye iyo umukobwa afite imyaka 16.
Itsinda ryamakuru, yarangiye mu rugo, mu vyo, kandi uwanyuma arangirira muri Gymnasium ya Kiev Gymnasium. Nyuma yo kurangiza ubushakashatsi, Gorenko abaye umunyeshuri wumukobwa wamasomo menshi yumugore ahitamo Ishami ryamategeko. Ariko niba Latyn n'amateka y'iburyo byateje inyungu zayo, inkiko zikaba z'umusatsi zarambiranye ku mutego ukundwa, ku buryo bw'amateka yo mu maso. P. Raeva.
Ibisigo
Nta muntu n'umwe wabikoze mu muryango wa Gorenko, ati: "Mbega ijisho ribona ijisho hirya no hino." Gusa kumurongo wa Mama Inna Stogova wasanze umuvandimwe wa kure anna bunin - umusemuzi nabasizi. Data ntiyigeze yemera ko umukobwa w'imivugo asaba kudasiba izina rye rya nyuma. Kubwibyo, Anna akhmatova, ntabwo yigeze asinya izina ryukuri. Mu giti cyacyo, yasanze Igitabo cya Prababa-Tatarku, bivugwa ko byayoboye ibyabo muri Sentane Khan Ahmane, bityo bahindukira akhmatov.
Mu busore bwa mbere, igihe umukobwa yize muri siporo ya Mariini, yahuye n'umusore ufite impano, nyuma umusizi uzwi cyane Nikolai GumilOv. No mu vyo, no i Kiev, umukobwa yahuye na we. Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1910, bashakanye n'itorero rya Nikolaev, muri iki gihe bahagaze mu mudugudu wa Nikolskaya Slobodka hafi ya Kiev. Icyo gihe, Gumilsov yari asanzwe afitwe numusizi uzwi mubice byubuvanganzo.
Abashyingiranywe bagiye kwishimira ukwezi kwa beney kuri Paris. Ninama yambere ya Akhmatova n'Uburayi. Amaze kugaruka, umugabo yamenyesheje umugore we w'impaka mu ruziga rw'ubuvanganzo n'umuhanzi wa St. Petersburg, ahita amenya. Ubwa mbere abantu bose bakubise ubwiza budasanzwe, buhebuje nubwami. Kabiri, hamwe na hubber isobanutse kumazuru, "karita" isura akhmatova yigaruriye Imana yubuvanganzo.
Bidatinze, abanditsi ba Mutagatifu Petersburg bahindukira gufatwa no guhangayikishwa n'ubwiza bw'umwimerere. Anna akhmatova, ni ukuvuga iyi myumvire ikomeye, yirukanye ubuzima bwe bwose, yaranditse mu gihe cy'ubujurire. Abasore bakiri bato Gerageza mu zindi mpaka zigenda - Futurism na Aqmeism. Gumileva-Akhmatova Yabonye ibyamamare nka sisitemu ya acme.
1912 ihinduka interanya mubuzima bwayo. Uyu mwaka utazibagirana ntabwo wavutse gusa umuhungu w'ikinege - Abalewi Gumilsov, ariko arasohoka afite agace gato ko gukusanya kwa mbere kwitwa "nimugoroba". Ku buruhukiro wa nyuma, umugore washize igihe cyose aho yaguye azavuka no kurema, azabita ibyo biremwa bwa mbere n '"imirongo mibi y'umukobwa." Ariko rero ibisigo bya Akhmatova byabonye uwambere mu bashimishijwe kandi bizana icyamamare.
Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, icyegeranyo cya kabiri kirasohoka, cyitwa "Knutka". Kandi byari bimaze gutsinda. Abafana n'abanenga bashishikaye basubiza bashishikaye akazi ke, bazamura ikigo cye cy'imyambarire y'igihe cyabo ku ntera. Ahmatova ntagikeneye gushushanya umugabo we. Izina rye ryumvikana no cyane kuruta izina rya Gumileva. Mu mpinduramatwara 1917, Anna atanga igitabo cye cya gatatu - "Farn Yera". Biva mu gukwirakwiza gukwirakwiza kopi ibihumbi 2. Abashakanye batandukanijwe mu bibazo 1918.
Kandi mu ci ryo mu 1921, Nikolai Gumileva yarashe. Ahmatova yahangayikishijwe cyane nurupfu rwa se wumuhungu we numuntu wabimenyesheje isi yimivugo.
Kuva hagati ya 1920, igihe kinini kirushaho guhatanira amayeme. Arimo kwitabwaho cyane NKVD. Ntabwo byacapwe. Ibisigo bya Akhmatova byanditswe "kumeza". Benshi muribo barazimiye iyo bimuka. Icyegeranyo cya nyuma cyasohotse mu 1924. Ibisigo byubushotoranyi "," Falcon "," umukomuko w'abakomunisiti "ku guhanga byari bikwiye Andreevna bihenze.
Icyiciro gishya cyo guhanga kwe kifitanye isano rya bugufi no guhura nubunararibonye kubantu babo kavukire. Mbere ya byose, inyuma y'umuhungu wa Loev. Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1935, inzogera ya mbere iteye ubwoba yumvikanye ku mugore: icyarimwe umugabo wa kabiri Nikolai Punin n'Umwana wafashwe. Bazarekurwa mu minsi mike, ariko poetess ntizongera kwikuramo ubuzima. Kuva ubu, bizakumva ari impeta yo gutotezwa igabanuka.
Nyuma yimyaka 3, umuhungu arafatwa. Yakatiwe imyaka 5 y'ingando zo mu mirimo itose. Mu mwaka uteye ubwoba, Anna Andreevna na Nikolai Pun yarahagaze. Nyina unaniwe atwara umuhungu kumusaraba. Muri ubwo buryo, "uzwi" Anna Akhmatovavava.
Kugira ngo + ubuzima bw'umuhungu we ubikure mu nkambi, poetess imbere y'intambara ubwayo, mu myaka ya za 40, asohora icyegeranyo cya "n'ibitabo bitandatu". Hano hakusanyirijwe hamwe ibisigo bishaje bishaje kandi bishya, "bikosora" mubitekerezo byingengabitekerezo.
Intambara ya Anna Andreevna yahambiriye intambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu yamaze kwimurwa i Tashkent. Akimara gutsinda, asubira iboherezweho kandi asenywa. Kuva aho ngaho vuba kwimukira i Moscou.
Ariko kuvuga nabi ibicu, umuhungu yarekuwe mu nkambi - barushijeho kuba. Mu 1946, guhanga kwe kwatsinzwe mu nama itaha y'abanditsi b'umwenda, maze mu 1949, Abalewi Gumilov bongeye gufatwa. Iki gihe yaciriweho iteka imyaka 10. Umugore utishimye yamenetse. Yanditse ibyifuzo n'inzandiko zihannye kuri Politiki, ariko ntawe ubyumva.
Nyuma yo kuva mu gikurikira gikurikira, umubano uri hagati ya nyina n'umuhungu mu myaka myinshi wakomeje gushikama: Intare yizeraga ko nyina yashyizwe ku ruhande rwa mbere, amukunda. Aramuvaho.
Ibicu byumukara hejuru yumutwe wuyu kizwi, ariko cyane utishimye cyane mugihe cyubuzima bwe. Mu 1951, yagaruwe mu ihuriro ry'abanditsi. Ibigo Akhmatova yacapwe. Hagati ya 1960, Anna Andreevna yakiriye igihembo gitangaje Igitaliyani kandi gitanga icyegeranyo gishya "igihe cyiruka". Kandi kaminuza izwi cyane ya poeford oxford iha impamyabumenyi.
Imyaka irangiye, umusizi numwanditsi wizina ryisi amaherezo yagaragaye murugo rwe. Leningrad "Lithind" yagaragaje akazu keza cyane yimbaho muri Komarovo. Byari inzu nto, yari igizwe na veranda, koridor n'icyumba kimwe.
"Ibikoresho byose" ni uburiri bukomeye, aho amatafari yazingurutse nk'amaguru, ameza, yubatswe ku muryango, ashushanya Moduliani ku rukuta n'ishusho ishaje, yigeze kuba uw'umugabo wa mbere.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Uyu mugore wumwami yari afite imbaraga zitangaje kubagabo. Mu busore bwe, Anna yari meza cyane. Bavuga ko ashobora guhagarikwa inyuma, akurura umutwe hasi. Ndetse na Marialrina ballerina yagize ingaruka kuri plastiki isanzwe. Kandi yari afite amaso atangaje wahinduye ibara. Bamwe bavuga ko amaso ya Akhmandova, abandi bavuze ko ari icyatsi, naho icya gatatu cyizewe ko ari ubururu bwo mwijuru.
Nikolai GumilOv yakundaga Anna Gonko ukibona. Ariko umukobwa yari umusazi kuri Vledimir Glenchev-kutuzov, umunyeshuri utabyitayeho. Imikino ngororamubiri irwaye ndetse igerageza kumanika kumusumari. Kubwamahirwe, yamennye urukuta rw'ibumba.
Birasa naho, umukobwa yarazwe no gutsindwa kwa Mama. Ubukwe ntabwo bwazanye poetess yibyishimo hamwe numwe mu bagabo batatu bakuru. Ubuzima bwihariye bwa Anna Akhmatova bwari akajagari nubwoko bwa Rashpatnaya. Baramuhinduraga, yarahindutse. Umugabo wa mbere yatwarwaga n'urukundo rwa Anna mu buzima bwe bugufi, ariko icyarimwe yari afite umwana utarayika, abantu bose bari babizi. Byongeye kandi, Nikolai GumilOv ntiyigeze yumva impamvu umugore ukundwa, uko atekereza, atari poetess nziza na gato, itera umunezero ndetse no gushikama urubyiruko. Ibisigo bya Anna Akhmatova kubyerekeye urukundo byasaga nkigihe kirekire kandi bikabije.
Amaherezo, baratandukanye.
Nyuma yo gutandukana, Andreevna ntabwo yari afite igiceri kubafana. Kubara amenyo ya valentin yamuhaye oakha ya roza ihenze kandi ihinda umushyitsi kandi ihinda umushyitsi, ariko ibyo ukunda ubwiza byahaye Nikolay Nicholas. Icyakora, Boris Anurkul ariko aramuhindura.
Ubukwe bwa kabiri na Vladimir Shileiko rero Anna ya Izmuved Anna, yaretse ati: "Gutandukana ... Ni ibihe byiza!".
Umwaka nyuma y'urupfu rw'umugabo wa mbere, yatandukanije uwa kabiri. Nyuma y'amezi atandatu ashyingirwa ku nshuro ya gatatu. Nikolai Pnwen - Umuhanga mu by'amateka. Ariko ubuzima bwihariye bwa Anna Akhmatova ntabwo yakoranye nawe.
Komiseri wungirije wo kumuringira punharsky Phonin, wahungiye abatagira aho baba nyuma yo gutandukana, nanone ntiyishimye. Umugore mushya yabaga mu nzu hamwe n'uwahoze ari umugore Phoin n'umukobwa we, atangiza amafaranga mu gikaro rusange cyo kurya. Umuhungu uza imbere y'umuhungu Leo yashyizwe mu ijoro muri koridoro akonje akumva impfubyi, yambuwe iteka.
Ubuzima bwite bwa Anna Akhmatova bwagombaga guhinduka nyuma yo guhura na muganga w'umuntu wa Patoanan, ariko mbere y'ubukwe ubwabwo, Mama wapfuye, wambuye kutazafata umupfumu mu nzu. Ubukwe bwahagaritswe.
Urupfu
Urupfu rwa Anna Akhmatova ku ya 5 Werurwe 1966, rusa naho rwatunguye abantu bose. Nubwo icyo gihe yari amaze imyaka 76. Nibyo, yari arwaye igihe kirekire kandi gikomeye. Poetess yapfiriye muri sanatori hafi ya Moscou yerekeza Domodedovo. Yasabye ku mugoroba Yeremiya, yasabye kuzana isezerano rye rishya, inyandiko ze zashakaga guhuza n'amasomo y'inyandiko zandikishijwe intoki.
Umubiri wa Akhmatova ukomoka i Moscou yihutiye kohereza Leningrad: Abayobozi ntibashakaga ko imvururu zitavuga. Yamushyinguye mu irimbi rya Komarovsky. Mbere y'urupfu, umuhungu na nyina ntibashoboraga kwitiranywa: ntibavuganye imyaka myinshi.
Ku mva ya Mama, Abamu Gimilyov bashyize urukuta rw'amabuye n'idirishya, wagombaga kugereranya urukuta mu musaraba, aho yamwambiye kwimurira. Ubwa mbere, ku mva hari umusaraba w'ibiti, nk'uko yabajije Anna Andreevna, ariko mu 1969 Ibuye ryagaragaye.
Inzu Ndangamurage ya Anna Akhmatova iherererg mu butacutsi wa St. Petersburg kumuhanda na Avtovskaya. Igice kimwe kirakinguye munzu yisoko aho yamaze imyaka 30. Nyuma ndangamurage, imbaho zitazibagirana na Bas-ruswa zagaragaye i Moscou, Tashkent, Kiev, Odesa hamwe nindi mijyi myinshi aho Muse wabayeho.
Ibisigo
- 1912 - "nimugoroba"
- 1914 - "Isukura"
- 1922 - "FARN Yera"
- 1921 - "Igicapo"
- 1923 - "Anno Domini McMxxi"
- 1940 - "Kuva mu bitabo bitandatu"
- 1943 - "Anna Akhmatova. Ubutoni "
- 1958 - "Anna Akhmatova. Umuvugo "
- 1963 - "Requiem"
- 1965 - "Igihe cyiruka"