Amateka y'inyuguti
Epos y'ubwongereza bwo mu Bwongereza bwamurikiye ibihe byiza byubutegetsi bwumwami Arthur. Umutegetsi mwiza, umutware wubwenge numugaba w'intwari yahaye igihugu cyisi no gutuza. Imiterere yabaye iy'urugero rw'ibitekerezo bya Knight, ihuza ameza azenguruka munsi ya auspies yicyubahiro, ubutwari nubudahemuka kubwami bwabasirikare beza. Ibitabo icumi, firime, ibitaramo byo guterana ndetse no mu muziki bitangiye umugani w'imigani ya celtique.Amateka
Imigani y'Ubwongereza irakize nk'inkombe y'ingurube y'intwari zizwi cyane ya Scandinaviya ya kera, Ubudage, Uburusiya na Finlande. Umwami Arthur, wagaburiwe bwa mbere muri 600, afata ahantu hakomeye abantu n'ubuvanganzo.
Kugira ngo bemeze kuri bande bari prototype ya Arthur, abashakashatsi baracyabura gushyirwa imbere verisiyo eshatu z'ingenzi. Bamwe bafata inkomoko yimico yo muri Welsh, aho umurwanyi wavukiye muri Wales wagaragaye mu ntambara na Saksami, ariko ntiyigeze yigarurira ingoma. Abandi bavuga ko Pototi yabaye ibishushanyo ya Lucius bitera, umuyobozi w'Abaroma. Icya gatatu reba umwirondoro wa watsindiye Saxons mu ntambara yo kurwana kuri Badona Ambrolian, n'umuroma.
Sybakimny, ariko aracyahamya ni uko mu kinyejana cya 6, impinga yo gukundwa kwa Athur yakunze, ni ukuvuga ko bishoboka cyane, imiterere y'umugani yariyo, yateje impuhwe abo mu gihe. Nubwo ufite umutima ku mizi y'intwari, bizera ko Umwami w'Ubwongereza ari ishusho rusange ya hamwe na biografiya z'abasirikare batandukanye n'abategetsi.
Ibisobanuro byubuzima bwabanditsi nabo biratandukanye nabandi banditsi, ariko muri rusange haboneka intambwe nkuru. Arthur ni imbuto z'ubusambanyi bw'umwami w'Ubwongereza ITer Padrandon hamwe na Duchess yo gukina (ikindi gihinduka izina - Eigir). Kugira ngo bagabanye uburiri hamwe n'umugore w'umunyamahanga, umwami yafashaga umupfumu wa Merlin, uhindura Ubwenge mu mugore w'abanyarwanda kugira ngo umwana azafate uburere.
Umupfumu yashyikirije umwana w'umugwaneza kandi yubwenge kuri ecutor, wazuye umuhungu nk'umwana kavukire, akurikirana ubumenyi bwa gisirikare.
Uher yashakanye na IGrana ukundwa, ariko abashakanye bambitswe ikamba ntibakora undi muhungu. Nyuma y'uburozi, mu Bwongereza, ikibazo cyavutse ari we wasimburwa. Amayeri ya Merlin yahimbye "Ikizamini" - inkota ikarishye mu ibuye. Ni nde uzamukura, umwami. Arthur, wari uhabwa n'umuvandimwe w'amaguru, byoroshye, akuramo intwaro kandi azamuka ku ntebe y'utunguranye. Ariko, ukuri ku nkomoko ye ya cyami, umusore yahise yiga kuri merlin.
Umwami Arthur yatuye mu kibuga cy'icyashyi. Inyubako iracyashaka abafana "Arturiana", ariko iyi mpimbano y'amazi meza - ikigo cyahimbye umusizi mu kinyejana cya 13 n'umwanditsi Kreten de Troita. Ingamiya ingana zerekeye amagana y'ijana bazwi ku isi. Urutonde rwinshuti zumutegetsi rwuzuza abarwanyi Gaven, Percival, Galahad na, birumvikana, Lancelot.
Abagabo b'icyubahiro binjiye mu nkuru nk'abahatirwa bafite intege nke n'abatishoboye, abadamu b'abadamu, abadamu b'ibihanganye, abatsinze ibiremwa by'umugani n'abapfumu babi. Bazwi kandi kubantu bahangayikishijwe nibitekerezo kugirango babone igikombe cya rutare, batanga nyiri ukudapfa. Kubera iyo mpamvu, shakisha ikintu cyera, aho Yesu yanyweye, yashoboye umuhungu wa Lancelot.
Knight bagiye kumeza. Nk'uko verisiyo imwe, igitekerezo cyo gukora ikintu cyo gutunganya ifishi nk'iyi ni iy'umugore w'umwami Arthur, ku rundi - ameza y'abicaye kuri we, atanga umutegetsi Merlin. Umupfumu yakunze kuza mu ncapo, ntabwo azira kuzamura Knight gusa, ariko no mu rwego rwo kwigisha - gushyiraho ibikorwa byiza, byatiriwe kwirinda ibinyoma no guhemukira.
Inama y'icyubahiro Umwami Arthur, washoboye gukiza leta intambara z'abenegihugu, yatinze imyaka myinshi. Ariko ubuzima bwintwari bwaciwe kubera guhemukira umuryango we.
Ishusho
Mu bitabo, Umwami Arthur agaragara intwari ikomeye, umutware mwiza n'intwari nziza. Imiterere ihabwa imico myiza: mumico ye, ihungabana ryuzuye ubutwari, ubutwari, ineza. Nutuze kandi ubutabera, ndetse utinda, ntazigera yemera gusohoza umuntu nta rubanza n'iperereza. Arthur igamije guhuza leta kuzana urwego rushya rwiterambere.
Isura isobanurwa muburyo butandukanye, nabahanzi bagati bananiwe kureba rimwe muri iki kibazo - hanyuma autocrat ishushanywa ku musatsi wa Lunelike, hamwe numusatsi wijimye wijimye, hanyuma umusaza wijimye. Ndashaka kwizera abanditsi bo mu manza na firime, aho Arthur ari iterambere ryinshi kandi bikomeye, hamwe n'ubwenge.
Kugaragaza imbaraga za Bogutari zikamba knight yafashije inkota yubumajiya wa ECCAlibur, yaje guhinduka "inkota iva ku ibuye". Kera na Dueli hamwe na Periner (uwo muhanganye, waje kuba umufasha), Arthur yamennye intwaro, mukesha asaba ingoma. Umupfumu wa Merlin wasezeranije impano nziza kandi ijambo ryiciwe - Umwami ukiri muto yabonye inkota mu maboko ya FIREES, adoda ifumbire y'ikiyaga.
Intwaro y'ubumaji yakubise umwanzi nta kibi, ariko nyirayo mushya yiyemeje gukoresha inkota mu izina ry'ibikorwa byiza, maze igihe nikigera cyo gusubira mu kiyaga cye cyagenze nyuma y'urupfu rwa Arthur.
Gutsinda Artur.
Dukurikije imigenzo, Arthur yagize uruhare mu ntambara zitandukanye. Umwanditsi w'amateka ya mbere yerekeye Umwami Welsh Monk Nennia asobanura intambara 12 nziza cyane hamwe nabatsinze. Intsinzi nyamukuru ya Autocrat yari intambara yumusozi wa Badoni, aho imbongereza zatsinzwe numwami. Muri iyi ntambara Arthur abifashijwemo na ANGLALIBUR yakubise 960 bnight yimpande zinyuranye.
Uwiteka w'Afurika yashoboye gutsinda ingabo za Gliori muri Irilande, kandi Ubwongereza nyuma yahawe imisoro. Iminsi itatu Arthur yabitswe na Saksov mu ishyamba rya Caledoniya maze amaherezo avuza induru abanzi basubira mu Budage. Intambara muri Pridin yazanye intsinzi - umukwe wa Arthur yaricaye ku ntebe ya Noruveje.
Umuryango
Nadev Koronu, Arthur yahisemo kurongora. Guhitamo kwaguye ku bwiza, utagira inenge n'umugore "mwiza" Guinev, umukobwa w'umwami w'umuti, wigeze gukizwa n'amaboko y'abacuruza b'Ubwongereza. Umutima wumusore washonga mumiti yumukobwa ukibona. Ubuzima bwubatse bwari butwikiriye gusa ko abana - Gwinera adahari - Gwinera yambaraga umuvumo wuburoko, wakiriwe numupfumu mubi, aho abashakanye batakemuye.
Ariko, Umwami Arthur yari afite umuhungu utarangije yashitaniye, kandi kuva mushiki wahujwe. Umupfumu wa Merlin ku bashakanye bafite ibiyaga bimuga bashyira intebe ku musore n'umukobwa kugira ngo batamenyana kandi binjira mu mubano w'umuntu. Bastard bararezwe, bashora mu mayeri, uburakari no kurota imbaraga mu muhungu.
Arthur yagize ubuhemu bwumugore we bakundanye ninshuti. Ubuhemu bwashyizeho intangiriro y'ikibaho cy'Umwami w'itabera. Igihe cyose umutegetsi w'Ubwongereza yakemuye ibibazo byawe, yirukana Lancelot na Gwainrara, yashishimuye imbaraga mu ntoki. Ku rugamba rw'umurima wa Cammy rwaguye igisirikare cyose cy'Ubwongereza. Arthur yarwanye na bastardom, ariko gushushanya - umuhungu yakubise umuhungu yakubise igikomere cyica Data.
Ibitabo
Igihe cy'ingoma y'Umwami w'icyubahiro Arthur Arthur Astll n'imirongo n'ibitabo. Ubwiherero bwiza bwagaragaye bwa mbere muri Welsh ibisigo 600. Nkimico nyamukuru yimigenzo yabantu ya Wales. Ikilatini Christicle "Amateka y'Ubwongereza" yasanze gukomeza mu cyegeranyo cy '"amateka y'abami b'Ubwongereza" munsi y'ubwanditsi bwa jye n'ubwanditsi. Umucyo rero wabonye inkuru yuzuye ibyerekeye ubuzima bwa Arthur.
Guhera mu gihe cyo hagati, imigani yerekeye umwami wa Arthur n'intwari zo mu mvange y'imbonerahamwe itangira kwishimira ikaramu ya Colandare de Troita, Tungsten von Eshenbach, hanyuma Thomas Malory. Imiterere yahumetswe Mariko, Alfred Tenanison, Mariya Stewart ndetse na Nicholas Tolstoy hamwe na Sitefano umwami wa Sitefano. Byemezwa ko byaturutse ku migani y'Ubwongereza ko abaremwa b'ineza ya fantasy yabyanze.
Twabonye ibitabo byinshi byigishushanyo gishingiye kuri Arrovsky Epos:
- 1590 - "UMWAMIKARA FAY", Edmund Spencer
- 1856-1885 - "Royal Idylli", Tennison ya Alfred
- 1889 - "Ibyabaye kuri Yankees ku rukiko rw'umwami Arthur", Mark Twain
- 1938-1958 - Uruziga rw'Umuyobozi "Umwami w'uwahozeho no Kuza", Teren Jereni
- 1982 - "Tuman Avalon", Marion Zimmer Bradley
- 1975 - Indorerwamo Merlin, Andre Norton
- 2000 - "Ku mirongo ya kure", Robert Asprin
Firime n'abakinnyi
Gukurikira abanditsi, ishusho ya Arthur yatoye cinema. Filime ya mbere hamwe na nyagasani wa Britov yakuyeho umuyobozi Richard Torp mu 1954. Igikorwa c'ibiti by'imeza kizengurutse, aho imyambarire ya Arthur yambara Melrer, yungutse abasingiza kandi yatorewe Oscar na Prix nziza y'ibirori.
Abareba TV yo mu mpera za 70s zarebwaga n'inyungu ku buzima bw'umuyobozi w'umuyobozi n'umukino wa Antor Andrew Berta mu rukurikirane rwa TV "imigani y'umwami Arthur".
Inganda za firime mbere yuko Ikirenga Culnium gitangira cyashyikirije abafana ba "Arturian" muyindi mibavu irindwi aho abakinnyi bashya bakinnye:
- 1981 - "ECCALIBUR" (Nigel Terry)
- 1985 - King Arthur (Malcolm McDaull)
- 1995 - "Amahirwe ya Yankeees mu rukiko rw'umwami Arthur" (Nick Manzuzo)
- 1995 - "KING KNIG" (sean connery)
- 2004 - "Umwami Arthur" (Arthur "yakinnye na clive, yibasiye Gineya, aburanishwa na Keira Knightley, kandi mu ruhare rwa Lancelota Joan Griffith yagaragaye)
Abayobozi bafashe icyemezo cyo kugarura, kandi muri 2017, bafite imbaraga nshya, batangiye kwigira umuntu wa burundu muri sinema. Igikorwa "Umwami Arthur: Kugaruka kwa ECCALIBUR" byatanzwe mu ntangiriro yimpeshyi Anthony Smith. Umuyobozi w'imikorere yo kurasa yatumiwe na Adam Bayard, Nikola Stewart Hill, Simoni Armstrong.
Nyuma yiki premiere, romoruki yanyuma yasohotse muri firime nshya yavuye kuri umuyobozi Gaya Richie "Umwami Arthur Inkota, yashyikirije abareba muri Gicurasi 2017. Mu gushinyagurira Arthur, noneho ni Charlie Hannem. Ishusho ntacyo ifite yo gukora hamwe nigitekerezo cyumwimerere cyimigani kubyerekeye knight. Imico nyamukuru ishyira mask yumuyobozi w'agatsiko k'abajura, bashaka guhirika umucuruzi w'ijwi. Amajwi yo gushushanya yanditse Daniel Pemberton, watsinze Globe ya Zahabu 2016 kumuziki mwiza kuri firime.
Imiterere nayo yafashe umwanya ukwiye mubururu bwa animasiyo. Ikarito "inkota mu Kibuye" ku gitabo cya Terens cyera hafi ya Arthur yakuwe muri studio ya "Disney". Nyuma yimyaka 30, intwari yerekanaga abahanzi "barner bros" mumakarito "inkota yubumaji: Gushakisha abanzangano".
Ibintu bishimishije
- Mu kinyejana cya Xii, mu gihe cyo kugarura Abbey's Abbey, Somerset (Ubwongereza) yasitaye ku mva, ku musaraba w'iryo wambukiranya izina ry'umwami Arthur bivugwa. Mu kinyejana cya XVI, ikigo cy'abihaye Imana cyaravanyweho, kandi ishyingurwa ryarazimiye munsi y'amatongo. Muri iki gihe, mukerarugendo aributsa imva ishoboka y'umutegetsi ukomeye w'ikimenyetso.
- Mu ntangiriro za 80, mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro Umwami Arthur, ikirangi cyahamagawe Mimas - Satelite y'Umubumbuzi yatutse.
- Imibare ya firime yanyuma yerekeye intwari zon birashimishije. Muri "Umwami Arthur" inkota 40 Abashimusi barabigizemo uruhare, kandi 10 gusa bavuye mu ibyuma, ahasigaye ni ikozwe muri plastiki. Ku ntambara nyamukuru, amafarashi 130 yagize uruhare mu njamba, ikiraro cyubatswe n'uburebure bwa metero 60, ndakomera cyane ku buryo yabujije abagendera ku icumi, asimbuka kuri yo icyarimwe.