Ubuzima
Boris NikoLyevich Yeltsin ni umunyapolitiki winjiye mu nkuru nka Perezida wa mbere w'Uburusiya, ndetse no kuvugurura igihugu.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Boris Nikolayevich yavutse ku ya 1 Gashyantare 1931, ku kimenyetso cya Zodiac - Aquariyo. Yabaye ibisubizo bivuye mumuryango woroheje ukora, Ikirusiya nubwenegihugu. Pase Nikolai Ignatievich yarimo yishora mu bwubatsi, kandi mama Claudia Vasilyevna yari umucunguzi. Kuva nyuma gato yo kuvuka kwa Boris, se yakandamijwe, umuhungu hamwe na mama na murumuna Mikhail babaga mu mujyi wa Berezniki mu karere ka Perm Perm Perm.
Kw'ishure, perezida uzaza wa Yeltsin yigaga ibibi, yari ans-arwanashyaka. Mu cyiciro cya karindwi, umwangavu ntitinyaga kunyuranya n'umwarimu w'ishuri wazamuye amaboko ku bigishwa kandi agahatirwa gukora ibimenyetso bibi ku busitani bwe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Boris ntiyakuwe ku ishuri afite ibintu bibi cyane, ariko umusore ahindukirira Gorkamomol maze agera ku butabera. Nyuma yo kubona icyemezo cyo gukura, Boris Yeltsin abaye umunyeshuri w'ikigo cya Waral Polytechnic, aho yarangije abarimu b'ubwubatsi.
Kubera gukomeretsa umwana, Boris Nikolayevich yabuze intoki ebyiri ku kuboko kwe, ku buryo atamwita umurimo mu ngabo. Ariko ubu burebure ntibubujije boris mu rubyiruko gukina volley ball, basubiza ibipimo ngenderwaho byerekana izina "umutware wa siporo" no gucuranga ikipe y'igihugu ya Yekaterinburg. Kaminuza Yeltsin yinjiye mu cyizere "warahotyazhtrustroy". Nubwo amashuri yemerewe guhita afata umwanya wakazi, yahisemo kumenya imyuga y'abakozi kandi ahari umushoferi, utubatsi.
Inzobere mu myaka ibiri mu myaka ibiri yashyikirijwe umushinga w'ishami ry'ubwubatsi, ndetse no hagati ya 1960, igihingwa cyo kubaka inzu ki svedlovsk cyari kimaze kwerekeza. Muri ubwo myaka imwe, Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin atangira guteza imbere ingamba z'ishyaka. Mu mizo ya mbere, aba intumwa mu nama y'umujyi w'ishyaka rya gikomunisiti, umunyamabanga wa mbere wa komite ya Svertidlovsk wa Komite ya 86 - umwe mu bagize komite nkuru y'Ishyaka.
Umwuga
Intsinzi ya Boris Yeltsin nk'umunyamabanga wa komite y'akarere yagaragaye nk'ubuyobozi n'abaturage. Kugenzurwa kwe, yubatswe mu nzira hagati ya Yekaterinburg na Serov, ubuhinzi bwateye imbere, ndetse no kubaka inyubako zo guturamo hamwe n'inganda zinganda. Nyuma yo kwimukira i Moscou, Boris Nikolaevich ikemura ibibazo byubwubatsi bimaze kurwego rwamahanga. Ingufu n'imirimo ikora yazamuye ibyamamare by'Abanyapolitiki mu maso y'umunyapolitiki. Ariko ibirori hejuru kuri Yeltsin byabyakiriye urwikekwe ndetse no ku buryo runaka byabujije ibyo akora.Amasezerano yo guhangana burundu, Boris Yeltsin yavuganye muri Plenum y'ishyaka 1987 kandi anenga abayobozi batari bake, ku buryo yatinze kubijyanye no kuvugurura Mikhail Gorbachev. Guverinoma ya reaction rwose yari ifite nabi, byatumye habaho ukwegura kwahohotewe kugira ngo bagaragaze neza politiki yayo yo ku buryo bweruye no kumubera umuhemu w'inyubako ya Leta ya USSR. Gorbachev yavuze ku mugaragaro ko atazongera kuba muri politiki ya Yeltsin. Ariko ubuyobozi bw'igihugu ntabwo bwakemuke ko Opal BorIs NikoLeyevich azaganisha ku mikurire yo gukura kw'ububasha bwe ku baturage. Igihe Boris Yeltsin yiga mu Badepite mu karere ka Moscou mu 1989, yunguka amajwi arenga 90%. Nyuma, umunyapolitiki azaba Perezida w'Inama Nkuru na Perezida wa mbere wa RSFR.
Perezida w'Uburusiya
Igihe, ku ya 19 Kanama 1991, kugerageza kwa USSR yagerageje guhirika ubutegetsi bwa Leta, muri iki gihe, muri iki gihe cya kikhail ", muri Kanama Gordachev, muri Mikhail Gordachev, muri Mikhail Gordachev yakuweho, kandi abategetsi bafashe komite ya Leta. Boris Yeltsin yahagurutse ku mutwe w'abantu barwanya gufata ubwonko mu buryo butemewe n'amategeko, bashyirwaho ibikorwa bitoroshye kandi neza kandi bagasenya gahunda za GCCP. Nko iyo bidakurikijwe abaturage bagenzi be mu bindi bikorwa bya Yeltsin, ni we washoboye kurinda igihugu intambara ishoboka. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin yerekeje muri guverinoma ya mbere y'Uburusiya mu mateka kandi muri ubwo buryo bwashyize umukono ku masezerano ya Sovelazhskaya ku iseswa rya UssR.
Imyaka ya mbere yingoma yaremereye Uburusiya. Na none, birashoboka ko imirimo y'intambara y'abenegihugu yavutse, byari ngombwa kwitabaza igitabo "Amasezerano rusange", kandi kwemeza Itegeko Nshinga rishya ryafashije uko ibintu bimeze. Muri make perezida wa mbere w'Uburusiya ni ukwiga kw'ibikorwa bitwaje intwaro muri Chechnya, byatumye habaho intambara ndende. Yagerageje guhagarika intambara, ariko amaherezo, iki kibazo cyakemuwe gusa na Vladimir Putin muri 2001. Muri ibi bihe, umutwe wakoze ivugurura ry'abaminisitiri b'abaminisitiri kandi asinyana amategeko agamije ivugurura mu bukungu.
Muri politiki y'ububanyi n'amahanga, Boris Yeltsin yari ingenzi gushinga umubano n'ibihugu by'iburengerazuba, ndetse no kubaka ibiganiro n'abahoze muri Repubulika. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Perezida wa Federasiyo y'Uburusiya yemeje ko hashyirwaho Bases ya NATO muri Polonye, Repubulika ya Ceki na Silovakiya, kutabara iri terabwoba mu Burusiya. Yatangaje kandi kujugunywa n'Uburusiya mu cyerekezo cy'imijyi y'Abanyamerika. Hamwe na Bill Clinton, ubucuti bwe bwari bujyanye. Ibihe byinshi bisekeje byanditswe kuri videwo n'amafoto byabereye na Yeltsin mu nama na Perezida wa Amerika. Nibibazo hamwe nubusobanuro budahwitse bwamagambo ya Boris NikoLeyevich, hamwe no kwidagadura.
Boris Yeltsin yatandukanijwe na meza, ikomeye kandi rimwe na rimwe itateganijwe. Perezida w'Uburusiya yahukeye kubera rusange, rimwe na rimwe atangaje abari aho. Akenshi, ibikorwa nkibi byatejwe ubusinzi, bwasaga na Yeltsin. Ariko amateraniro hamwe nabenegihugu bagenzi be, aho Borris NikoLavich yabyinnye cyangwa abyinamye, akorerwa abatora cyane cyane ku rubyiruko ntaho kuba bibi kuruta pr-ibikorwa.
Byabaye rero mu matora y'umukuru wa Leta ya 1996. Boris Yeltsin ntabwo yateganyaga kubigiramo uruhare, ariko ntiyashobora kwemerera ibihugu bya gikomunisiti gutsinda. Gahunda y'amatora hamwe n'inteko "amajwi, cyangwa gutsindwa" yoherejwe, aho Yeltsin yasuye imigi myinshi yo mu Burusiya. Hamwe na we, imibare-yubucuruzi yitabiriye imyigaragambyo: Igor Nikolaev, Igor Nikolaev, Irina Algroie, "Humprezi", "Human" n'abandi. Nkishingiye ku bukangurambaga bwa PR, amahame ya gahunda y'amatora ya fagitire ya fagitire "hitamo, cyangwa gutsindwa".
Mu gihe gito, amanota ya Yeltsin yazamutse kuva kuri 3-6% kugeza kuri 35% bamwatoye mu cyiciro cya mbere. Bitewe n'umutwaro muremure nyuma y'icyiciro cya mbere cy'amatora, Boris Yeltsin yarokotse indwara y'umutima. Ubuzima bwa Boris Nikolayevich ntibyamwemereraga gutora aho atuye i Moscou. Yatanze ijwi rye ku cyiciro cya kabiri muri Sanatori muri Barvikha.
Mu matora mu 1996, Perezida uriho yatsinze umunywanyi nyamukuru Gennady Zyuganov. Nyuma yo gutangiza, bitatumiwe n'intumwa z'amahanga, kandi videwo yashyizwe mu buryo bwo gufata amashusho y'imyaka myinshi, urupfu rw'umugambi wo mu mugambi wa Boris Yeltsin rwagaragaye muri sosiyete no gusimbuza impanga. Umuvumbuzi Yuri Mukhin yavuze ko umunyapolitiki yitabye Imana nyuma yo gutera umutima, byahindutse kuri Yeltsin. Igitabo "Code ya Yeltsin" yarekuwe kuriyi ngingo. Mu 1998, Desidie Ai Sali yemeye ko hashyirwaho inshingano yo gukora iperereza kuri iyi rubanza muri Duma ya Leta, yanatanze ibimenyetso bike mu biro by'ubushinjacyaha Bukuru "... ubutware bw'urugomo" (ubuhanzi 278 bw'amategeko ahana. ya federasiyo y'Uburusiya) ku bidukikije bya Yeltsin. Ariko izi nyigisho ntabwo zabonye ibyemezo mubuzima.
Nyuma y'amatora, Perezida yibanze ku guhungabana ubukungu no ku rubavu. Kubwibyo, gahunda ndwi yingenzi yatangijwe, aho guverinoma yagerageje gukuraho imyenda nini, ruswa n'ubusabato bw'abayobozi, kumenyekanisha amategeko amwe kubanyamabanki na ba rwiyemezamirimo, kugira ngo bakomeze ubucuruzi buke. Nka kimwe mu byiciro by'iterambere, birakwiye ko ukwemera guverinoma ya Viktor Chernomyrdin, gusimbuza Sergey na Sergey Sergey na Sergey Kiriyanko. Nyuma ye, umwanya wa minisitiri w'intebe wakozwe na Evgeny Primatov, Sergey Stepashin na Vladimir Putin.
Ari Boris Yeltsin ubwayo, leta nini ya leta yagize ingaruka mbi, kandi yagombaga kumurika kumutima. Ntabwo nateje imbere imyumvire ya Perezida n'Ibibazo by'imari 2006, byabaye ibyago bikomeye ku Burusiya kuruta umuryango w'isi, nk'amakosa manini n'amakosa manini no mu makosa agiye hejuru. Nkigisubizo, ikwirakwizwa ryinshi rya Ruble, risanzwe kandi banki irasenyuka. Ku rundi ruhande, muri iki gihe, ubutware bwibicuruzwa by'amahanga ku isoko byakoreshejwe mu rugo, buri gihe yagiye mu maboko y'igihugu.
Boris Yegumye ku ruziga rw'Uburusiya kugeza ku munsi wa nyuma w'ikinyejana cya 20, no mu gihe cya tereviziyo y'umwaka mushya ku ya 31 Ukuboza 1999 yabitangaje. Boris Yeltsin yasabye imbabazi z'akarere bagenzi bacu avuga ko afite "igiteranyo cyibibazo byose", kandi ntabwo ari ubuzima. Amagambo azwi cyane "Ndarushye, ndagiye", yitirirwa Boris NikoLeevich, ntabwo ahuye nukuri.
Mu gihe cyo kwegura kwa Yeltsin, 67% by'abaturage bamuteranya nabi, Perezida yashinjwaga kwangiza Uburusiya kandi ateza imbere abigenga ku butegetsi. Ashyigikiwe Yeltsin muri kiriya gihe 15%. Ariko abashakashatsi n'abanyapolitiki bagereranya imyaka y'ingoma y'umuyobozi, ibonye ibyagezweho muri iki gihe - ubwisanzure bwo kuvuga no kubaka sosiyete sivili.
Nyuma ya Boris Yeltsin yasize perezidape ku mwanya we, yakomeje kugira uruhare mu mibereho rusange y'igihugu. Mu 2000, yaremye Fondasiyo y'abagiraneza, yasuye buri gihe leta ya CIS. Mu mwaka wa 2004, uwahoze ari umuyobozi wa Perezida wa Perezida, Alexander Korzhakov, yasohoye igitabo cy'amagambo "Boris Yeltsi: kuva mu museke kugeza izuba rirenze umukuru w'igihugu.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima bwihariye bwa Boris Yeltsin bwarahindutse ubwo yacyiga mu kigo cya Poltechnic. Muri iyo myaka, yahuye na Naine Girin, ahita arongora nyuma yo kurangiza kaminuza. Akivuka, umukobwa yakiriye izina rya Anastasia, ariko mumyaka nyayo sinamusimbuye i Naine, nkuko byari bimeze ko byahamagariwe mumuryango. Umugore wa Boris Yeltsin yakoraga nk'umuyobozi w'umushinga mu kigo cya Vodonalle.Ubukwe bwa Yeltsin ya Yeltsin yabereye mu nzu y'umuhinzi rusange kari hejuru ya ISI mu 1956, nyuma y'umwaka umuryango wazuzwa n'umukobwa Elena. Nyuma yimyaka itatu, Boris na Naina bongeye kuba ababyeyi, bari bafite umukobwa muto Tatyana. Nyuma yaho, umukobwa we ahabwa perezida wa Abuzukuru atandatu. Boris Yeltsin Jr. yabaye azwi cyane, icyarimwe ni Umuyobozi ushinzwe kwamamaza mu ikipe y'Uburusiya "formula 1". Umuvandimwe we Gleb, yavutse afite syndrome ya Down, muri 2015 yabaye Nyampinga wo koga mu Burayi mu bantu bafite ubumuga.
Mu bitabo byinshi, Boris Nikolayevich yihaye kubera uwo bashakanye, igihe cyose yashimangiye kubitaho n'inkunga. Ariko abanyamakuru bamwe, barimo Mikhail Portoranin, bavuze ko Naina Yenints atari inkunga y'imyitwarire gusa ya perezida wa mbere w'Uburusiya, ariko nanone yayoboye politiki y'abakozi mu buyobozi bw'igihugu.
Urupfu
Mu myaka ya nyuma y'ubuzima, Boris NikoLeyevich Yeltsin yarwaye indwara ya sisitemu y'imitima. Ntanga kandi ko yasuzumwe n'ubusinzi. Hagati muri Mata 2007, wahoze ari perezida kubera ibibazo nyuma yo kwandura virusi yashyizwe mu bitaro. Dukurikije abaganga, ubuzima bwe ntibwigeze bubangamiye, indwara yakomeje ibiteganijwe. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, iminsi 12 nyuma yo mu bitaro, Boris Yeltsin yapfiriye mu bitaro byivunjiriwe. Urupfu rwaje ku ya 23 Mata 2007.
Impamvu yemewe y'urupfu yitwa umutima uhagarara biturutse ku kurenga imirimo y'inzego z'imbere. Nashyinguye Yeltsin hamwe n'abantu ba gisirikare ku irimbi rya Novodevichy, kandi gahunda yo gushyingura yatangajwe n'imiyoboro yose ya tereviziyo. Imva ya Boris Yeltsin ifite urwibutso rw'imva. Yakozwe muburyo bwa rubumbe yashushanyije mumabara yibendera ryigihugu.
Ku isabukuru y'ivuka rya Boris Yeltsin muri 2011, inyandiko "ya Boris Yeltsin. Ubuzima nigihe "na" Boris Yeltsin. Iya mbere ", usibye kwibuka abo mu gihe cya perezida, ndetse n'abakozi b'ibibazo batihatirwa n'ikiganiro na Yeltsin ubwabo baratanzwe.
Kwibuka
- 2008 - Umuhanda munini w'ikigo cy'ubucuruzi cya Yekaterinburg-Umujyi, Umuhanda 9 Mutarama I Yekaterinburg yahinduwe Boris Yeltsin
- 2008 - Umuhango wo gufungura ukomeye wurwibutso kuri Boris NikoLavich Yeltsin yabaye ku irimbi rya Novodevichy
- 2008 - Kaminuza ya Tekinike ya Muzal (UPI) yashinzwe izina rya Boris Yeltsin
- 2009 - Isomero rya Perezida wa B. N. Yeltsin ryafunguwe i St. Petersburg
- 2011 - Urwibutso rwafunguwe muri Yekaterinburg mu gihe cy'imyaka 80 ya Boris Yeltsin
- 2015 - Ikigo cya Perezida Boris Yeltsin yafunguye i Yekaterinburg