Ubuzima
Umwe mu batware b'Abarusiya bubaha cyane ni igikomangoma yaroslav, umuhungu wa Vladimir wa Vladimir wa Vladimir Aneatretoslavovich (umutisita). Yakiriye izina ry'abanyabwenge kubera gukunda kumurikirwa no gushyiraho amategeko ya mbere azwi y'amategeko, nyuma y'ukuri "ukuri k'Uburusiya".
Kandi ni se, nyirarume na sogokuru b'abategetsi benshi b'Abanyaburayi. Kumutisimu, Yaroslav yakiriye izina rya George (cyangwa Yuri). Itorero rya orotodogisi mu Burusiya ryubaha nk'abizerwa ndetse no kumenyekanisha umunsi wibuka mu masasu. Umwaka usimbuka ni 4 Werurwe, no mu gihe gisanzwe - 5.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ibyerekeye itariki yavutse ya Yarodimirovich kandi uyumunsi aratongana. Ariko abahanga mu by'amateka benshi n'abahanga bakunze kuba igikomangoma cyavutse mu 978, nubwo nta cyizere cyuzuye muri ibi. Isabukuru ye nicyo cyose kitazwi.
Ababyeyi be bari VLADIR SVELSATLATOSLAVich, wari uw'Ubundi bwoko Rurikovich, na Princessk Umuganwakazi wa Polotsk Rogvodovna. Nubwo nta kwemererwa hano. Kurugero, umuhanga mu by'amateka azwi cyane Nikolai Kostomarov yashidikanyaga ko yanditswe na Rogseda wari nyina waroslav. Kandi Arisigiyo ye y'Ubufaransa arrignon yatekereje ku byo igikomangoma cye cyabyaye Anna ya Byzantine Anna. Bivugwa ko ibi bihe bisobanurira ko gutabara mu manza zo imbere muri 1043.
Ariko kubwamateka birakwiye ko abandi bahanga mu by'amateka basigaye bashishikajwe no gusuzuma rognd y'umugore watanze ubuzima ku batware ba kera b'Abarusiya.
Urubyaro uko ari ine rwavutse mu bashakanye na RoggeSlav, MStislav, Yaroslav na Vsevolod, Grand Duke Vladimir yoherejwe kureba mu mijyi itandukanye. Yaroslav yabonye rostov. Ariko kubera ko umuhungu yari afite imyaka 9 avuye mu muryango, umusore wamubaze na voivode bacoy (mu yandi masoko ya Buda). Nyuma, iyo igikomangoma cyamamaye Yarotsi, Roising yaroslav, umunyabwenge watangiraga gutegeka Novgorod, umutunzi kandi umujyanama yahindutse umufatanyabikorwa wegereye.
Inteko Nyobozi
Iki gihe ni imiterere yimigani n'imigani. Igihe cya Prince Yaroslav, kimwe numuntu ubwacyo, abanyamateka bamwe bakunda kuvuga kubitekerezo, abandi - kubadayimoni. Nibyo, nkuko bisanzwe, ahantu hagati.
Umuganwakazi Novgorod yari afite umwanya wo hejuru ugereranije nubuyobozi bwa Rostov. Nubwo bimeze bityo, umutegetsi wa Novgod yari afite umwanya ubohowe bijyanye na Kiev, ni ukuvuga Vladimir. Kubwibyo, igikomangoma yaroslav ubwenge muburyo buteganijwe buri mwaka yishyuye se 2/3 byatanzwe mubutaka bwa Novgorod bwa Dani. Byari umubare wibihumbi 2 Hryvnia. Igihumbi Igihumbi cyagumye kubungabunga velmazby ubwe n'ikipe ye. Tugomba kuvugwa ko ingano yacyo gusa munsi yikipe ya Vladimir.
Birashoboka, ibi byasunitse umuhungu gushushanya no muri 1014 kugirango banga guha icyubahiro Data. Abatuye Novgorod bashyigikiye nyirinzu, ni ayahe makuru mu Nteka wabitswe. Vladimir yararakaye atangira gutegura urugendo rwo gushaka ubushobozi bw'imizingo. Ariko icyo gihe yari afite imyaka ishaje. Bidatinze, bararwaye kandi bapfuye cyane kandi ntibahana umuhungu.
Umwanya wa Data wafashwe n'umuhungu w'imfura - Swervoepolk Sazyan. Kugira ngo wirinde kandi ukomeze imbaraga mu biganza byawe, yatsembye abavandimwe batatu: Boris, wakundwaga cyane na Kievans, Gleb na Sloyatoslav. Iherezo rimwe ryari ritegereje kwinjira novod. Ariko yashoboye gutsinda Svestitopolka mu ntambara yamaraso munsi y'urukundo kandi mu 1016 yinjiye Kiev.
Umunyamahoro woroshye hagati yabavandimwe basangiye Kiev muri Dnieper, burigihe burigihe bwita kuri "Ashyushye". Ariko mu myaka 1019, Svyopolka ntiyabikoze, kandi yaroslav, abanyabwenge batangira guverinoma itagabanijwe ku ntebe ya Kiev.
Icyubahiro kinini cya Prince Yaroslav cyabaye intsinzi kuri Pechenegs. Byabaye mu 1036. Nk'uko Amateka avuga ati: "Umujyi washyizweho n'abanyenduga n'abanyenduga Novgorod, ari naho yitabiriye mu rusengero. Ariko amaze kubona amakuru y'akaga, yahise agaruka atsinda Pechenegs. Duhereye kuri iyi ngingo, ibitero byabo byangiza kandi byamaraso ku rukuta birahagarara.
Yatangiye "zahabu" yaroslav ubwenge. Intsinzi imaze gutsinda, Velosa yajyanywe mu bwubatsi bwa Kinini. Ahantu heza cyane intsinzi kuri barumuna, yashyizwemo. Ahanini yari kopi ya katedrali muri Tsarigrad. Bashushanyijeho Frescode nziza na mozayike, urusengero rwakubise ubwiza bwaho mugihe gito kandi bushimisha amaso uyumunsi.
Wol wext ntabwo yicuza amafaranga ku bwiza cyane kandi atumiwe kurangiza katedrali ya ba shebuja beza b'Abagereki. Kandi amarembo azwi ya zahabu yagaragaye mumujyi, inshuro nyinshi muri Tsaringere. Itorero ryo gutangazwa ryabakuze hejuru yabo.
Politiki y'imbere namahanga
Umutegetsi yashyizeho umwete wo guhagarika kwishingikiriza ku rusengero rwa orotodogisi mu Burusiya kuvanyweho. Kubwibyo, mu 1054, ku nshuro ya mbere mu mateka y'Uburusiya, itorero rye ryerekejwe n'Uburusiya, ntabwo riyobowe n'Uburusiya, kandi ntabwo ari metropolitan y'Abagereki. Yitwa illarion.
Politiki y'imbere ya Yaroslav yari ifite intego yo kuzamura imiterere yabaturage no kurandura ibisigazwa bya gipagani kwizera. Ukwizera kwa gikristo kwakingiwe n'imbaraga nshya. Muri uyu muhungu, yakomeje kugendera kuri se ukomeye ukomeye, Umubatiza wa Vladimir.
Umuhungu yategetse guhindura ibitabo byandikishijwe intoki mu giculayi. We ubwe yakundaga gusoma kandi agerageza gucengeza gukunda gusoma no kumurikirwa abayoborwa. Abayobozi b'amadini batangiye kwigisha abana kubwo gusoma. Muri Novgorod, ishuri ry'abahungu ryagaragaye rivuga ko abanyeshuri 300 ba mbere.
Umubare wibitabo wakuze vuba kandi wigita ubwenge wubatswe mugihe cyicyo gihe. Hindurwe kugirango ushimishe.
Mu nkuru yimyaka, yerekeza ku nama runaka y'ibitabo n'inyandiko, bimenyerewe guhamagara isomero rya Yaroslav. Abahanga bavuga ku bwinshi: kuva mu gitabo cya 500 kugeza 950. Nk'uko raporo zimwe zivuga ko isomero ryimuriwe ku gikomangoma (kurindi makuru - abuzukuru be cyane) ya Katedrali ya Sofiya.
Kuva mu bitabo bya kera ko imyaka igihumbi itabonetse, hari hypothese nyinshi aho zishobora kubikwa. Bamwe bavuga ko bishobora kuba injene ya katedrali ya Sofiya, abandi bavuga ibyerekeye Catacombs ya Lavracom ya Kiev-pechersk, icya gatatu - Ibyerekeye Vydubitsky Monasiteri. Ariko hariho abakekeranya bemeza ko ibisiga bitagereranywa bidashobora kubaho nyuma yo gutanga ibitero bya polovtsy.
Indi verisiyo ifite uburenganzira bwo kubaho ni isomero rya Yaroslav ryabaye igice cyimibare yitonze Isomero rya Legeriary rya Ivan biteye ubwoba.
Umuganwa Yaroslav yari afite ubwenge bwahagaze ku nkomoko yo kugaragara kw'ibigo bya mbere by'Abarusiya, harimo n'umuyobozi - Kiev-Perchersky. Umugongo ntabwo yagize uruhare runini mu kuzamura no kurwanya ubukristo na orotodogisi, ahubwo yagize uruhare runini mu kumurikirwa. N'ubundi kandi, amateka yakozwe hano kandi ibitabo byahinduwe.
Kandi muriki gihe cyiza, "ukuri k'Ukurusiya" bya Yaroslav ubwenge bwaragaragaye. Iri ni ryo tegeko rya mbere ry'Uburusiya, abayoboke bongeyeho kandi bariyongereye.
Abahanga mu by'amateka bashima cyane politiki yo hanze ya Velmazby, aho nazo yageze ku ntsinzi nini. Bigaragara ko ari uwambere mu bakomangoma by'Uburusiya bibanda kuri diplomasi, ntabwo ari imbaraga z'intwaro.
Muri kiriya gihe, ishyingiranwa rifatika ryafatwaga nk'inzira nyamukuru yo gushinga umubano n'ibindi bihugu. Kuva Kievan rus mu kibaho cy'abanyabwenge yahindutse igihugu cyemuriwe kandi gikomeye, icyo gihe "kubyara", abategetsi benshi bo mu bihugu by'i Burayi byagaragaye.
Umugore wa Yaroslav abanyabwenge babaye umukobwa w'umwami wa Suwede Olaf - inhiugeda, wakiriye izina Irina nyuma yo kubatizwa. Kuva kuri se yabonye inkwange zikize - umujyi wa Aldeagaramog (nyuma ya ladoga). Igihugu cyegeranye cyacyo cyiswe Ingermanland (gisobanurwa nko mu butaka bwa ingrid).
Umuhungu wa Prince - Vsevolod - yubatse Tsarevna y'Ikigereki. Urubyaro rubiri - ku bakomangoma b'Abadage. Sony Kizylav yajyanye umugore we kuri mushiki we wa Polonye Umuganwa Casimir, na Casimir ubwe yashakanye na mushiki we ubwenge - Dobogen.
Ubukwe bumwe bukomeye bwari mu bakobwa ba Venermazby. Elizabeti yashakanye n'umwami wa Garald wa Garald, Anastasia - kuba umutegetsi wa Hongiriya Andrei. Ariko icyamamare kandi cyubaha ni umukobwa wa Anna Yaroslavna, wabaye umugore wumugabo wumufaransa I. Kubera Politiki yo hanze I. Kubera politiki nkiyi yahujwe ninama yabandi baturanyi benshi bakomeye, abaturanyi na kure.
Urufatiro rw'imijyi
Umuganwa Yaroslav umunyabwenge washinzwe Yuriev. Byabaye mu 1030, igihe yajaga gukambika i Chud. Umujyi mushya, yitiriwe marayika we, agaragara ku nkombe z'ikiyaga. Noneho yitwa Tartu kandi ni Umujyi wa kabiri munini wa Esitoniya nyuma ya Tallinn.
Undi mujyi wa Yaroslav umunyabwenge ni Yaroslavl, nubwo abahanga mu by'amateka babona ko urufatiro rwarwo rutagushidikanywaho.
Hariho undi Yuryev washinzwe nigikomangoma. Uyu mujyi wahindutse icyarimwe igihome, cyashyizwe kumurongo wa Pojon. Yashinzwe kurinda Kiev muri Nomad. Mu 1240, Tatar-Mongoliya-Mongoliya yarasenyutse, isiga amatongo y'itorero gusa. Hafi ya we, umujyi urazukishwa, ubonye izina ry'itorero ryera. Yahamagariwe uyu munsi.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Abanditsi benshi b'amateka bemeza ko muka mutipurd, nyuma yo kubatizwa, wabaye irina, yagize Ingwate nyinshi ku mugabo we akava mu kimenyetso cyerekanwe mu mateka y'Uburusiya. Ku bihugu byakiriwe na se mu 1703, Mutagatifu Petersburg na Petero wa mbere.
I KIEV, tubikesheje umwamikazi, Irina yagaragaye ikigo cy'abihaye Imana cya mbere. Yubatswe mu itorero rya Mutagatifu Irina. Imwe mu nkingi ze "yabayeho" hagati y'ikinyejana cya makumyabiri. Noneho gusa umuhanda utuje wa Irininskaya asa nubuzima bwurusengero.
Nigute ubuzima bwihariye bwa Yaroslav bwerekanaga kandi irgeria-irina - uyumunsi biragoye. Byazwi ko mubukwe hamwe nabahungu be 6 nabakobwa 3 bavutse. Uwo mwashakanye yamenyesheje ibitekerezo n'umugabo we maze yimukira mu kwizera kwe, ashaka byinshi kugira ngo akomeze.
Mwiza, umunyacyubahiro ukomeye, bisa nkaho. Izuru risohoka cyane hamwe nu munwa umwe, umunwa washyizweho cyane kandi amaso manini ntabwo yongeyeho ubwiza. Kandi yari chrome kubera uburebure butandukanye bwamaguru. Dukurikije verisiyo imwe - kubera ikibuno n'ivi byangiritse ku rugamba, naho ku rundi, kubera indwara yo gushimwa.
Hano hari icyorezo cyamateka yerekana amateka atandukanye afite igitekerezo cyabo. Bamwe muribo bavuga ko igikomangoma yaroslav yashakanye kabiri.
Umugore we wa mbere ngo yari Anna Noruveje. Muri ubu bukwe, navutse ndetse n'umuhungu wa Ilya. Ariko mu 1018, we hamwe na nyina, yafashwe n'Umwami wa Polonye Boleyeli Batitwari ajyanwa muri Polonye ubuziraherezo. Iyi verisiyo ngo yemezwa ko izina ANN riboneka mu Nzuma.
Ariko hariho abatavuga rumwe nubu buryo butavugwaho rumwe. Bavuga ko ibintu byose byoroshye cyane. Anna ni monoti izina rya ingrid irina. Bikekwaho, amaherezo ubuzima bwe, yica umubikira, afata iri zina. Mu 1439, Arkiyepiskopi evfimius yabaruye Anna mu maso yabatagatifu. Bifatwa nk'ubutaka bwo mwijuru Novgorod.
Birashimishije kubona ko Umuganwa wa Yaroslav ubwe yari ayoboye umunwa gusa mu kinyejana cya XXI.
Urupfu
Imyaka yanyuma yubuzima, Umuganwa Yaroslav Ubwenge bwakoresheje i Vyshgorod. Yapfuye mu kiruhuko cy'imyaka yo kwizihiza orthodoxie ku maboko y'umwe mu bahungu be - Vsevolod, yarokotse imyaka 4 umugore n'abahungu 2 bakuru, Vladimir.
Itariki y'urupfu rw'Igikomangoma ifatwa nk'itariki ya 20 Gashyantare 1054. Yashyinguwe muri Katedrali ya Sofiya i Kiev, muri Sarcophaphage 6 ya marble. Kubwamahirwe, ibisigisigi byUmugisha Mukuru yabuze. Birazwi ko Sarcofagus mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri yafunguye inshuro eshatu: mu 1936, 1939 na 1964. Kandi ntabwo buri gihe byari bisanzwe kandi umutimanama.
Amaze gufungura mu 1939, hasigaye igisigirasi cya Yaroslav cyoherereje Leningrad, aho abahanga mu bumenyi bw'ikirere bwa anthropologiya bwemeje ko umwe muri skelethns 3 (igitsina gore) uhereye kumuganwa. Dukurikije igihanga cyabonetse, antropologuest Mikhail Gerasimov yashoboye kugarura isura yumutegetsi.
Ibisigazwa byasubiye i Kiev. Ariko mu 2009, imva yongeye guhishurirwa asanga ibisigazwa bya kera bya Rurikovich bidatinze. Hano hari skeletons ebyiri zabagore kumwanya - inshuro imwe ya Kievan RUE, igihe cya kabiri cya kabiri gimaze igihe kirekire gisize. No mu mva, ibinyamakuru "Izvetia" n'ukuri byo mu 1964 byavumbuwe.
Abahanga mu by'amateka n'abashakashatsi bakunda kuri verisiyo ibisigazwa byashakishijwe muri Amerika. Bivugwa ko bakuwe mu 1943, igihe ingabo z'Abadage zisubira inyuma.