Ubuzima
Umwami w'abami Alexander Pavlovich, rimwe na rimwe wibeshye witwa Umwami Alexandre nazamutse ku ntebe y'ubwami no ku ntebe y'ubwami no mu mwaka umwe. Uburusiya buyobowe na Alexandre nayoboye intambara zatsinze kurwanya Turukiya, Persia na Suwede, nyuma yaje kwitwarwa mu ntambara yo mu 1812, igihe Napoleon yagaba igitero mu gihugu. Mu gihe cy'ingoma ya Alexandre I, ifasi yaguye binyuze mu kwinjira mu burasirazuba bwa Jeworujiya, Finlande, Bessabia n'igice cya Polonye. Kuberako impinduka zose zatangijwe na Alegizandere njye, yitwaga Alegizandere umugisha.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ubuzima bwa Alexandre natangiraga kubanza. Ntabwo ari uko yari imfura gusa y'umujimu wa umwami w'abami Pawulo, maze umugore we Maria Fedorovna, kandi umugore we Maria Fedorovna, na nyirakuru wa nyirakuru wa nyirakuru wa II batitaye ku mwuzu. Niwe wahaye umuhungu izina ryumuhungu mu cyubahiro Alexander Nevsky na Alexander Maketky, mu byiringiro ko Alexandre inkuru izabera nyuma y'urugero rw'imigani. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko izina rya Romani ridasanzwe, kandi nyuma y'ingoma ya Alexandre na Alexandre Nanjye, byari bikubiye mu basekuruza.
Indangamuntu ya Alexandre nashinzwe munsi yubugenzuzi budacogora bwa Catherine Birakomeye. Ikigaragara ni uko Ejonda yabanje gufatwa nk'Umwana wa Pawulo sinshobora gufata intebe kandi koshaka guterana urugwiro "binyuze mu mutwe" wa se. Nyirakuru yagerageje kugeza igihe atigeze avugana n'umuhungu hamwe n'ababyeyi be, ariko, Pawulo yagize uruhare umuhungu we kandi yafashe urukundo yakundaga ubucuruzi bwe.
Umusore samuragwa yitonze, umunyabwenge, yiga byoroshye ubumenyi bushya, ariko icyarimwe yari umunebwe kandi yishimye, kuki Alexandse nananiwe kwiga kwibanda kumurimo utoroshye kandi wigihe kirekire. Alexander i abo gihe yavuze ko yari afite ibitekerezo byiza cyane, ubushishozi budasanzwe kandi bworoshye cyane.
Ariko kubera ko nyirakuru utandukanye na nyirakuru na Data bamugizeho amwitayeho mu myaka yakabiri abantu bose bamenyereye rwose ibya Alexandre I. Ndetse na Napoleon "mu buryo bwiza, na Alexandre Sergeevich fuboko yandika kubyerekeye Umwami Alexandre "mumaso no mubuzima bwa Harlequin".
Kunywa n'ibikorwa bya gisirikare, Umwami w'abami rw'ejozi Alexander nanyuze kuri serivisi nyirizina mu ngabo za Gatchy, ku giti cye washizeho Se. Igisubizo cya serivisi cyari ubumuga bwo gutwita kwibumoso, ariko ibi ntibyaribuzaga Pavlu i kubyara umuhungu urindaga abarinzi ba CORENEL, igihe yari afite imyaka 19 gusa. Umwaka umwe, umuhungu w'umutegetsi yabaye guverineri wa gisirikare wa St. Peterburg ayoboye ingabo ingabo za semenovsky, hanyuma myoboye muri make Inteko ishinga amategeko ya gisirikare, nyuma yo kwicara muri Sena.
Inteko Nyobozi
Ku ntebe y'ubwami, Umwami Alexandre nasabye ako kanya nyuma y'urupfu rwa se. Ibintu byinshi byemeza ko yari azi imigambi yababishaka guhirika Pawulo njye, nubwo bidakekwaho komisbiism. Wari igice gishya cy'Ingoma y'Uburusiya cyatangaje ko "imyigaragambyo ya Apople, yari intambara ya se, kandi iminota mike nyuma y'urupfu. Muri Nzeri 1801, Alexandre na wambitswe ikamba.
Amategeko ya mbere ya Alexandre nagaragaje ko ashaka kurandura uburakari bukabire muri leta no kumenyekanisha ubuzima bwiza. Uyu munsi birasa naho bidasanzwe, ariko amategeko akomeye mu Burusiya igihe yari ataba. Hamwe na bagenzi be ba hafi, umwami w'abami bagize komite ishinzwe kunyuranyije n'amategeko, uwo yaganiriye kuri gahunda zose z'ihinduka rya Leta. Uyu Muryango witwa Komite ishinzwe gutabara kumugaragaro, kandi izwi kandi ku izina rya rubanda rwa Alexander I.
Ako kanya nyuma yo kugera ku butegetsi, Alexandre njye, impinduka zagaragaye ku jisho ryambaye ubusa. Amategeko ye ajyanwa mu kugabana mu bice bibiri: icya mbere, Alexandre na Vofsar i yafashe igihe cye n'ibitekerezo bye, ariko nyuma ya 1815 Umwami arabitesha umutwe, atangira urugendo rw'ibitekerezo, ni ukuvuga ko ari yo, kanda abantu muri dice.
Imwe mu ivugurura ry'ingenzi ni uko hashyirwaho "Inama y'imigero", yaje guhindurwa mu Nama ya Leta n'inzego nyinshi. Intambwe ikurikira ni ugushiraho minisiteri. Niba ibyemezo byabanjirije ibibazo byafashwe n'amajwi yose, ubu rero, Minisitiri utandukanye yari ashinzwe kuri buri nganda, wabimenyesheje buri gihe umukuru w'igihugu.
Ivugurura rya Alexandre nagize ingaruka kubibazo byumuhinzi, byibuze kumpapuro. Umwami w'abami yibajije ikurwaho rya Serfdomu, ariko yashakaga kubikora buhoro buhoro, kandi sinshobora kumenya intambwe zo kwibohora buhoro. Kubera iyo mpamvu, amategeko ya Alexandre Ndi kuri "Fladed Blade" no guhagarika kugurisha abahinzi nta butaka, aho batuye, byahindutse igitonyanga mu nyanja.
Ariko hakenewe cyane ko impinduka za Alegizandere mu rwego rw'uburezi. Kujugunya, amanota asobanutse y'ibigo by'uburezi mu rwego rwa gahunda y'uburezi yashinzwe: Amashuri ya Paruwasi n'Intara, Amashuri yintara na Gymnasium, Kaminuza. Bitewe n'ibikorwa bya Alexandre Ndi i St. Petersburg, Ishuri Rikuru rya Siyanse ryagaruwe, ryashizeho Lyceum izwi cyane na Tsarskoye kandi ryashinze kaminuza zizwi.
Ariko ibirego by'ibihugu by'igihugu ku guhindura byihuse igihugu byahuye no guhangana n'abanyacyubahiro. Ntiyashoboraga gushyira mu bikorwa ivugurura rye kubera gutinya ihitiro y'ingoro, wongeyeho bitondera Alexandre 1 y'intambara. Kubwibyo, nubwo aribwo bushake no kwifuza kuvugurura, umwami ntashobora kubamura ibyifuzo bye byose.
Mubyukuri, usibye kuvugurura uburezi no kuvugurura leta, gusa abo muyobozi babonaga nkicyitegererezo cyiboneye kubishinzwe itegeko rizaza. Ariko guhindukira muri politiki yimbere kwa Alexandre Njye mu myitwarire yashyinguye ibyiringiro byose byabanyacyubahiro bugenga.
Intambara
Intangiriro yo guhindura ibitekerezo kubyerekeye ivugurura ni intambara na Napoleon. Umwami w'abami yamenye ko muri ibyo bihe yashakaga kurema, ubukangurambaga bwihuse budashoboka. Kubwibyo, Umwami w'abami Alexandre 1 yahinduye ibitekerezo byigenga ku nyungu z'umutekano wa Leta. Ivugurura rishya ririmo gutezwa imbere, ryagaragaye komera cyane: Ihinduka rya gisirikare.
Hifashishijwe minisitiri wa gisirikare, umushinga w'ubuzima bushya rwose uremwa - gutura kwa gisirikare, byari imitungo mishya. Nta mutwaro w'ingengo y'imari y'igihugu, yafashwe ko arimo no guha ibikoresho by'ingabo zihoraho kurwego rw'intambara. Ubwiyongere bw'uturere dufatiro nk'ubwo bwakomeje imyaka yose ingo y'ingoma ya Alexandre I. Byongeye kandi, barokotse munsi y'Umwami w'abami Alexandre II.
Mubyukuri, politiki yubuhanga ya Alexandre nagabanijwe nuruhererekane rwintambara zihoraho, tubikesha akarere k'igihugu wiyongereye cyane. Nyuma y'intambara irangiye hamwe n'Ubuperesi, Uburusiya, Alexandre nahawe igenzura rya gisirikare mu nyanja ya Caspiya, kandi na yongereye gutunga kubera kwinjira kwa Jeworujiya.
Nyuma y'intambara yo mu Burusiya-Turukiya, nyir'ingoma yuzuza Bessarangabibi n'ibihugu byose bya transcaucase, na nyuma y'amakimbirane na Suwede - Finlande. Byongeye kandi, Alexandre narwanye n'Ubwongereza, Otirishiya, yatangiye intambara ya Caucase, itarenze ubuzima bwe.
Umusirikare mukuru warwanyaga Uburusiya buyobowe n'Umwami w'abami Alexandra nari mu Bufaransa. Intambara zabo za mbere bitwaje imbunda zabaye mu 1805, nubwo, nubwo hari amasezerano y'amahoro, yahoraga yongeye kurwana.
Amaherezo, yahumekewe n'intsinzi ye nziza, Napoleon Bonaparte yatanyaga ingabo mu karere k'Uburusiya. Intambara yo gukunda igihugu cya 1812 yatangiye. Nyuma yo gutsinda, Alexandre nanzuye neza mu Bwongereza, Prussia na Otirishiya maze akora ingendo nyinshi z'amahanga, aho yatsinze ingabo za Napoleon amuhatira kumera ku ntebe y'ubwami. Nyuma yibyo, ubwami bwa Polonye nabwo bwagiye mu Burusiya.
Igihe Umufaransa yari mu karere k'Ubwami bw'Uburusiya, Alexandre natangaje umugaba mukuru we ubwe kandi abuza imishyikirano y'isi kugeza igihe byibuze umusirikare umwe yagumye mu gihugu cy'Uburusiya. Ariko inyungu zumubare wingabo za Napoleon zari nyinshi kuburyo ingabo zu Burusiya zahoraga zisubira mu gihugu.
Bidatinze, umwami w'abami yemeye ko ukuha kuba arira abayobozi b'ingabo, n'amababi ya St. Petersburg. Umuyobozi mukuru abaye Mikhail Kutuzov, wubashywe cyane n'abasirikare n'abasirikare, ariko ikintu cy'ingenzi - uyu mugabo yamaze kuvuga afite ingamba nziza.
Kandi mu ntambara yo gukunda igihugu cyo mu 1812, kutuzov yongeye kwerekana ibitekerezo bye bityaye. Yerekanye intambara ikomeye hafi y'umudugudu wa Borodino, ashyira ingabo ku buryo ubutabazi busanzwe bwuzuyemo flanks ebyiri, no hagati, komanda-umugaba w'ingabo ashyiraho imbunda. Intambara yarihebye kandi amaraso, afite igihombo kinini ku mpande zombi. Intambara ya Borodino ifatwa nkimpapuro zamateka: Ingabo zombi zatangaje ko intsinzi yabo kurugamba.
Kugira ngo uzigame ingabo zawe kwitegura, Mikhail Kutuzov yahisemo kuva muri Moscou. Ingaruka ni yo gutwika uwahoze ari umurwa mukuru n'uwahoze ari umurwa mukuru n'imyitozo n'abafaransa, ariko intsinzi ya Napoleon muri uru rubanza yari Piroba. Kugaburira ingabo zawe, yahatiwe kwimukira i Kaluga, aho yari asanzwe yibanda ku ngabo za Kutuzov kandi ntiyigeze yemera ko umwanzi arusha.
Byongeye kandi, gukubitwa neza bikoreshwa kubatera impanuzi za Parsan. Ibiryo bibi kandi bitabishaka mu Burusiya bwitumba Abafaransa batangiye gusubira inyuma. Intambara ya nyuma hafi y'uruzi Berezine yashyize ingingo mu gutsindwa, na Alexandre natanze Manifeste yerekeye iherezo ry'intambara yo gukunda igihugu.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu busore bwe, Alegizandere yari inshuti cyane na mushiki we Catherine Pavlovna. Amakuru amwe n'amwe yahinduye neza umubano kuruta ubutware no kubaforomo. Ariko ibyo bihuriye ntibishoboka, kubera ko Catherine yari munsi y'imyaka ya saa sita, kandi afite imyaka 16, Alexandre nagize ubuzima bwite n'umugore we.
Yashakanye na Nomme Louise Mary Agustus, nyuma yo kurerwa orotodogisi yabaye Elizabeth Alekseevna. Bafite abakobwa babiri, Mariya na Elizabeti, ariko bombi barapfuye bafite imyaka y'umwaka, bityo umuragwa ku ntebe y'ubwami ntiyari njye, na murumuna we Nicholas I.
Bitewe nuko umugore adashobora kumuha umuhungu, umubano wumwami numugore we wari mwiza cyane. Ntabwo yahishe umubano we wurukundo kuruhande. Mu mizo ya mbere, Alegizandere nari imbere y'imyaka hafi 15 na Maria Naryshkina, umugore wa Ober-yegensuser Dmitry Naryshkin, mu maso y'abanyacyubahiro yise "ingendo y'intangarugero".
Maria yibarutse abana batandatu, kandi ikibyeyi cya batanu muri bo uremerwa na Alexandre. Ariko, benshi muri abo bana bapfuye bakiri bato. Nanone, Alexandre nagize igitabo hamwe n'umukobwa w'Urukiko Banyamanke Sophie Velo na Sofiya Lukasha, mwene Sofasha, Jenerali n'Intwari.
Mu 1812, Alexandre nashishikajwe no gusoma Bibiliya, nubwo mbere yuko idini ryari mu giciro kititayeho. Ariko ibye nk'inshuti nziza Alexander Golityn, ntabwo yahuye n'urwego rwonyine orthodoxie. Umwami w'abami yari mu kwandikirana n'ababwiriza b'Abaporotesitanti, biga mu mayobera, bagenda bahinduranye ndetse no kuzenguruka kwizera kwa gikristo kandi bagashaka guhuza kwatura mu izina ry'isi.
Uburusiya buyobowe na Alexandra nabaye kuruta mbere hose kwihanganira. Itorero ryemewe ryararakaye cyane maze ritangira urugamba rwihishwa rwo kurwanya umwami w'abami, harimo na Golityn. Intsinzi yagumye ku itorero ritifuzaga gutakaza imbaraga ku bantu.
Urupfu
Umwami w'abami Alexandre napfuye mu ntangiriro za 1825 muri Taganrog, mu rugendo rukurikira rwakundaga cyane. Impamvu yemewe y'urupfu rwa Alexandre nahamagawe ashyushye kandi yogoshe ubwonko. Iherezo ritunguranye ry'umutegetsi ryateje umuvuduko wibihuha, watanzwe mugihe gito mbere yuwo mwami w'abami Alexander, aho uburenganzira bwa Plomesto bwatsinze murumuna wa Nikolai Pavlovich.
Abantu batangiye kuvuga ko umwami w'abami ahishuriye urupfu rwe agahinduka hermite ya Fyer Kuzmich. Umugani nk'uwo wari uzwi cyane mubuzima bwuyu musaza mubyukuri, kandi mu kinyejana cya XIX bwakiriye izindi mpanuzi. Ikigaragara ni uko nashoboye kugereranya intoki ya Alexandre I na Fyodor Kuzmich, waje kugaragara ko bisa. Byongeye kandi, muri iki gihe, abahanga bafite umushinga nyawo ugereranije na ADN w'aba bantu, ariko kugeza ubu ubu buhanga bwakozwe.