Ubuzima
Kolchak Alexander Vasilyevich - umuyobozi ukomeye na Umunyaporman w'Uburusiya, umushakashatsi wa Polar. Mu gihe cy'intambara y'abenegihugu, yinjiye mu mateka y'amateka nk'umuyobozi w'umutwe wera. Isuzuma rya kamere ya Kolchak nimwe mu mpapuro zitubahijwe kandi zibabaje z'amateka y'Uburusiya yo mu kinyejana cya 20.
Alexander Kolchak yavutse ku ya 16 Ugushyingo 1874 mu mudugudu wa Alexandrovskoe mu nkengero za St. Petersburg, mu muryango w'abanyacyubahiro. Rod Kolchakov yahinduye icyamamare mu rwego rwa gisirikare, akorera ingoma y'Uburusiya mu binyejana byinshi. Se yari intwari yo kwirwanaho Sevastopol mugihe cyo kwiyamamaza.
Uburezi
Kugera kumyaka 11 yakiriye amashuri yo murugo. Muri 1885-88 Alexander yize kuri siporo ya 6 ya St. Petersburg, arangije amasomo atatu. Hanyuma yinjira mu nyanja ya Cadet Corps, yerekanaga intsinzi nziza mubintu byose. Nkumunyeshuri mwiza mubumenyi nubumenyi bwa siyansi yiyandikishije mu ishuri rya Martheyarins maze ashyirwaho Feldfelm. Yarangije imirambo ya Cadet mu 1894 mu rwego rwa Michman.Carier Tangira
Kuva mu 1895 kugeza kuri 1899, Kolchak yakoraga mu mato ya gisirikare ya gisirikare na pasifika, inshuro eshatu yakoze urugendo rw'isi. Yagize uruhare mu bushakashatsi bwigenga bwinyanja ya pasifika, ashishikajwe cyane nintara yo mumajyaruguru. Mu 1900, Lieutenant ushoboye yahinduwe mu ishuri ry'ubumenyi. Muri iki gihe, imirimo ya mbere ya siyansi itangiye kugaragara, byumwihariko, ingingo yerekeye ibyo yabonye ku migezi y'inyanja. Ariko intego yumutori ntabwo ari igikoresho gusa, ahubwo nubushakashatsi bufatika - arota kujya muri kimwe mu ngendo ya Polar.
Ushishikajwe n'ibitabo bye, umushakashatsi uzwi cyane wa Arctique Baron E. V. Toll yerekana ko Kolchak kugira uruhare mu gushakisha ubutaka bw'icyashyingiranywe bwa Sannikov. Nyuma yo kujya gushaka igihangano cyabuze, ari kuri Ilbote kuva muri Schooner "Zarya", hanyuma kuri Darleding yimbwa akora inzibacyuho ishobora kuvaho kandi isanga ibisigisigi byumwuga. Muri ubu bukangurambaga buteye akaga, Kolchak yari akonje cyane kandi arokoka mu buryo bw'igitangaza nyuma yo gutwika ibihaha.
Intambara y'Ikirusiya-Ikiyapani
Muri Werurwe 1904, ako kanya nyuma y'intambara yo gutangira, utabanje kugendera mu ndwara, Kolchak yageze ku cyerekezo kuri Port yabitswe. Inzu ndangamurage "irakaye" munsi yemewe n'amategeko yagize uruhare mu kwishyiriraho amabuye y'agaciro mu bucuti buteye akaga kuva mu gitero cy'Ubuyapani. Turashimira ibi bikorwa byimirwano, amato menshi yabanzi yarangiritse.
Mu mezi ashize, yategetse abarimbumba b'inyanja, yangiza umwanzi. Igihe imirwano yarakomeretse, nyuma yo gufata igihome, yarafashwe. Nkikimenyetso cyo kumenya umwuka we wubaha Imana, itegeko ryingabo z'Ubuyapani ryasize kwihuta ry'intwaro kandi rikura mu bunyage. Kubera ubutwari bwagaragaje, yahawe ibihembo:
- Intwaro ya Georgiev;
- Amabwiriza ya Mutagatifu Anne na St. Stanislav.
Kurwanira Gusubiramo Amato
Nyuma yo kuvurwa muri ibitaro Kelchak yakira ibiruhuko byamezi atandatu. Mubyukuri guhura rwose no gutakaza byuzuye amato kavukire mu ntambara na japan, agira uruhare runini mubikorwa byo kubyuka.
Muri Kamena 1906, Kolchak yerekejwe na Komisiyo ku bakozi ba Marine kugirango basobanure impamvu zo gutsinda Tsushim. Nka mpuguke ya gisirikare, yakunze gukora mu iburanisha rya Leta ya Duma hamwe no kumenya inkunga ikenewe.
Umushinga we wahariwe ukuri kwamato yuburusiya yabaye ishingiro ryubaka kubaka kubaka igisirikare cyu Burusiya mugihe cyintambara mbere. Mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa Kolchak mu 1906-1908. Ku giti cyanjye gucunga iyubakwa ry'intwaro enye na icebreakers ebyiri.
Ku ruhare ntagereranywa mu bushakashatsi bw'Uburusiya, Liyetona Kelchak yatowe umwe mu bagize umuryango w'Uburusiya. Izina "Kolchak-Polar" ryungutse.
Muri icyo gihe, Kolchak akomeje gukora gahunda y'ibikoresho by'ingendo zashize. Mu 1909, imirimo ya ice ice ya Kara na Siberiya yatangajwe mu 1909 izwi nk'intambwe nshya mu gushyiraho inyanja ya Polar ku bushakashatsi bwafunzwe.
Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose
Kaiser Command yarimo yitegura Blitzkrieg St. Petersburg. Heinrich Prussian, umuyobozi w'amato yo mu Budage, akaba yarira ku minsi ya mbere y'intambara yo kunyura mu kigobe cya Finilande kugera mu murwa mukuru kandi akorerwa inkubi y'umuyaga imbunda.
Amaze gusenya ibintu by'ingenzi, yibwiraga kugwa iryamye, afata Petersburg akangiza ibirego bya gisirikare by'Uburusiya. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'imishinga ya Napoleonic yabujije uburambe bw'ibikorwa n'ibikorwa byiza by'abashinzwe bo mu nyanja y'Uburusiya.
Urebye inyungu zikomeye z'umubare w'ubwato bw'Ubudage, ingamba zambere zo kurwanya umwanzi zamenyekanye nk'intambara yanjye. Igabana rya Kolchakov rimaze gutanga iminota ibihumbi 6 mu gace k'amazi yo mu kigobe cya Finlande. Abahanga mu gucukura amabuye y'agaciro babaye ingabo yizewe yo kwiregura umurwa mukuru na gahunda zo muri barize zo mu mato yo mu Budage kugira ngo bafate Uburusiya.
Mu bihe biri imbere, Kolchak yakomeje gushyingiranwa gahunda yo kwimurwa kugeza ibikorwa bikabije. Mu mpera za 1914, ibikorwa by'intwari byakozwe mu bucukuzi bw'Abaynzig Bay ku nkombe z'umwanzi. Nkibisubizo byiki gikorwa, amato yabanzi 35 yarangiritse. Ibikorwa byatsinze byubusa byagenwe kuzamuzaga nyuma.
Muri Nzeri 1915, yagizwe umuyobozi w'igabana ryanjye. Mu ntangiriro z'ukwakira, bafashwe n'ubwitonzi butinyutse ku kugwa ku nkombe ku nkombe z'ikigobe cya Riga kugira ngo bafashe ingabo zo mu majyaruguru. Iki gikorwa cyakozwe neza ko umwanzi atanatekereje kuba Abarusiya bariho.
Muri Kamena 1916, A. V. Kolchak yakozwe n'ikamyo ya Leta mu Kamama wa Leta-umuyobozi w'amato y'umukara. Ku ifoto, amato afite impano yafashwe muburyo bwa parade hamwe na regia zose zo kurwanya.
Igihe cy'impinduramatwara
Nyuma ya Revolution, Kolchak yari umwizerwa rwose ku mwami. Yaburanyije icyifuzo cy'abasare b'ubwogero, yirukana intwaro, yirukanye ikibanza cy'ibanze, avuga ko yagiranye icyo akora n'amagambo: "Ndetse n'Abayapani ntibankuyeho, sinzaguha!"Ageze kuri Petrograpp, Kolchak yashyize icyaha kuri guverinoma ya minisitiri yo gusenyuka kw'ingabo ze ndetse n'igihugu. Nyuma yibyo, habaye akaga byakuweho muburyo bwa politiki kumutwe wubutumwa bwahujwe na Amerika.
Ukuboza 1917, abaza guverinoma y'Ubwongereza gukomeye kwiyandikisha mu gisirikare. Ariko, ibizigamwe bimwe bimaze gushyigikira Kolchak nkumuyobozi wumuntu ufite ubushobozi bwo gukusanya urugamba rwo kwibohora rwo kurwanya Bolshevism.
Mu majyepfo y'Uburusiya, ingabo z'ubushake zikoreshwa, muri Siberiya no mu burasirazuba hari guverinoma nyinshi zitatanye. United muri Nzeri 1918, bakoze ubushakashatsi, kudahuza ibyo byashishikarije kutizerana n'abayobozi benshi ndetse n'abagega. Bakeneye "ukuboko gukomeye" kandi, barakoze guhirika ubutegetsi bwera, batanze Kolchak gufata izina ry'umuyobozi w'Ikirenga w'Uburusiya.
Intego za Guverinoma ya Kolchavovsky
Umunyapolitiki wa Kolchak yari kugarura intera y'ingoma y'Uburusiya. Amashyaka y'intagondwa yose yarabujijwe n'amabwiriza yayo. Guverinoma ya Siberiya yashakaga kugera ku bwiyunge bw'amatsinda yose y'abaturage n'ababuranyi, nta kwitabira ibumoso n'iburyo. Ivugurura ry'ubukungu ryateguwe, ririmo guhangayikishwa n'inganda muri Siberiya.
Intsinzi nyinshi z'ingabo za Kolchak yashoboye kugera ku mpeshyi yo mu 1919, igihe yafataga agace ka URALS. Ariko, nyuma yo gutsinda, urukurikirane rwo kunanirwa, guterwa namakosa menshi, yatangiye:
- Ubushobozi bwa Kolchak mu bibazo by'ubuyobozi bwa Leta;
- Kwanga gukemura ikibazo cy'ubuhinzi;
- Pardan hamwe no kurwanya Esside;
- kutumvikana kwa politiki hamwe nabafatanyabikorwa.
Ugushyingo 1919, Kolchak yahatiwe kuva kuri Omsk; Muri Mutarama 1920, Denikin yatanze imbaraga. Bitewe no guhemukira imitwe ya Ceki ifatanije, yimurirwa mu maboko ya Bolshevikov Ibyah., Ninde wafashe imbaraga muri Irkutsk.
Urupfu rwa Admiral Kolchak
Iherezo ry'umugani warangiye ikibabaje. Impamvu y'urupfu, abahanga mu by'amateka bahamagaye kwerekana ibanga rya V. I Lenin, wari unyeganyega mu kwibohora yihutira kwihutisha yihutiye kugiti cya Kincpel. A. V. Kolchak yarashwe ku ya 7 Gashyantare 1920 muri Irkutsk.Mu kinyejana cya 21, isuzuma ribi rya kamere ya Kolchak ryavuguruwe. Izina rye ridapfa ku mbutso, inzibutso, mu biranga Filime.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Umugore wa Kolchak, Sofiya Omirova, umunyacyubahiro wumuzungu. Kubera urugendo rwaciwe, mu myaka myinshi yategereje umukwe we. Ubukwe bwabo bwabaye muri Werurwe 1904 mu rusengero rwa Irkutsk.
Abana batatu bavukiye mu bashakanye:
- Umukobwa wa mbere wavutse mu 1905 yapfuye akiri muto.
- Umuhungu Rostislav, 03.03.1910.
- Umukobwa wa Margarita, wavutse mu 1912, yapfuye afite imyaka ibiri.
Sophia Omirova mu 1919 abifashijwemo na bagenzi be b'Abongereza, hamwe n'umuhungu we, yimukiye i Constanta, nyuma i Paris. Yapfuye mu 1956, yashyinguwe mu irimbi rya Paruwasi y'Abarusiya.
Umuhungu Rostislav - umukozi wa Banki ya Aligeriya, yagize uruhare mu ntambara n'Abadage kuruhande rw'ingabo z'Abafaransa. Yapfuye mu 1965. Umwuzukuru wa Kolchak - Alexandre, wavutse mu 1933, aba i Paris.
Imyaka yanyuma yubuzima bwumugore nyirizina wa Kolchak nirwo rukundo rwe rwa nyuma Anna Ticirev. Kumenya birababaje byabaye mu 1915 mu myuga, aho yazanye n'umugabo we, umusirikare mukuru. Nyuma yo gutandukana mu 1918 nyuma ya Admiral. Yafashwe na Kolchak, nyuma yo kwicwa ageze hafi imyaka 30 mu bisobanuro na gereza zitandukanye. Yavutse mu 1975 i Moscou.
Ibintu bishimishije
- Alexander Kolchak yabatirijwe mu Itorero ry Butatu, rizwi muri iki gihe cyitwa kulich na Pasika.
- Muri rumwe mu ngendo za Polay, Kolchak yise icyo kirwa cyubaha izina ry'umugeni we, wari amutegereje mu murwa mukuru. Iri zina nizina rya cape sofya rikiza igihe cyacu.
- A. V. Kolchak yabaye iya kane mumateka na Polar Navigator, wakiriye igihembo kinini cyumuryango wa gencacino. Imbere ye, Fints F. Nansen, N. Nordencheld, N. Yurgens yahawe icyubahiro.
- Ikarita kolchak yakoreshejwe n'abasare b'Abasoviyeti kugeza mu mpera za 1950.
- Mbere y'urupfu rwa Kolchak ntabwo yemeye icyifuzo cyo guhambira amaso. Yagaragaje itabi rye ku bayobozi b'ubwicanyi bwa ari.