Ubuzima
Sergey Pavlovich korolev ni umuhanga mu Busoni ukomeye hamwe n'umuhanga mu kinyejana cya 20, uwashinze Cosmonatics Academy ya siyanse, Umushinje wa Posmonatics, Umusifuzi wa gahunda n'inzobere nini mu bijyanye no kubaka roketi no kubaka ubwato.
Sergey Korolev yavutse ku ya 12 Mutarama 1907 (ukurikije uburyo bwa kera ku ya 31 Ukuboza 1906) muri zkytomyr. Se yari umwigisha, kuva ku itangwa. Nyuma yo gusenyuka kw'umuryango w'umuhungu yoherejwe kwa Nezhin ku babyeyi ba nyina, aho yarerewe mu muryango w'abacuruzi. Kuva mu 1917, aba muri Odessa ari kumwe na nyina Maria Nikolaevna na Schupih Gregory Mikhaiarevich balanin. Yize integanyanyigisho z'ishuri mu rugo, kuva mu 1922 kugeza 1924 yize mu ishuri ryubwubatsi.
Ibintu bishimishije biva kuri biografiya:
- Mu 1921, yujuje abapilote ba hydropouts kandi yitabira ubuzima bwindege: afite imyaka 16 asoma ibiganiro kuri Aviation. Ihumure rya mbere, ryakozwe mfite imyaka 17, ni umugenzuzi w'indege ya K-5 yasabwaga kubaka.
- 1924-1926 - Ubushakashatsi muri Kiev Polytech.
- Mu 1926, yimuriwe i Moscou mu ishuri ryisumbuye. Yitabira imitunganyirize yishuri ryacone, iba umwigisha hamwe nuwigisha, arangiza ishuri ryabaderevu, asura uruziga rwa Aerodynamic kandi atera imbere yindege. Guhera mu mwaka wa kane, ikora muri KB.
- Kuva mu 1927, inshuro enye zikurikiranye zigira uruhare mu marushanwa akomeye-yose muri koktebeli.
- Mu 1929, iboneka hamwe na K. E. Tsiolkovsky, amugira inama yo kwishora mu kirere gitanga igitabo "Umwanya wa roketi.
- Muri Gashyantare 1930, hayobowe na A.N Tupolev arinda umushinga windege ya SC-4. Muri icyo gihe, umwamikazi akora glide ya sk-3 "inyenyeri itukura", aho imirongo ya nesterov yakozwe mu ndege yubusa. Umushinga ntashobora kuguruka, kuko yarwaye ikibazo muburyo bwo kutumva no kubura kwibuka. Yari afite kwibuka bidasanzwe mbere yuburwayi bwe.
- Muri Werurwe 1931, atangira gukora muri THE na injeniyeri mukuru mubizamini byindege. Ikintu nyamukuru cyiki gihe ni uguhura na Zander, bigira uruhare mu kwipimisha moteri cyangwa-1. Umwamikazi ahindukira ku kazi. Muri Nzeri 1931, itsinda ryerekeje na Zander ritangira iterambere nikizamini cya Rocketoplane hamwe na moteri y'amazi.
Intambwe Zambere Zimurika
Sergei Korolev iyobowe n'Inama Njyanama ya siyansi na Tekinike ya Moscou Gird. Icyitonderwa cyambere cyishyuwe intwaro za roketi zikenewe kugirango ushimangire ubushobozi bwigihugu. Korolev irema KB ya mbere, uhereye kubanyamuryango ba CGIR, yarimo mumateka yamatara ya roketi.
Hano herekeye amabwiriza menshi yo kumurika murugo yatangiye. Ibyagezweho muri iki gihe byari itangizwa rya Rocket Gird-09, kuzamuka kugeza kuri m 400. Ibisubizo byakazi kabo korolev bisobanura mu gitabo "Roketi muri Stratosphere" (1934). Irimo kandi ibishoboka bya misile zitari uruziga mubikorwa bya gisirikare na siyansi.
Muri Nzeri 1933, Umwamikazi w'imyaka 26 washyizeho Umuyobozi wungirije w'ikigo cy'imyitozo. Ibyiringiro bya Girdovtsy bijyanye n'inzibacyure ku mishinga ikomeye ntabwo byari bifite ishingiro, insanganyamatsiko y'iterambere yagabanutse, kandi mu 1934 Korolev yarekuwe ku mirimo. Yagumye mu kigo na injeniyeri usanzwe, yibanda ku iterambere rya misile zifite amababa.
Gucungwa intwaro ya roketi
Mu 1936, Korolev yagizwe umushinga mukuru w'iterambere rya Rini, guteza imbere indege ya roketi. Sergey yari afite ubushishozi butangaje, encyclopedic ubumenyi nubunararibonye. Ku nshuro ya mbere, byari bifite ishingiro igitekerezo cya minini ya misile, bigera ku minota mike y'uburebure burebure, gutera indege, biteye ubwoba ikintu cyakingi.
Mu bigeragezo Korolev yateganyaga kumarana ku giti cye, impanuka yarabaye, aho umushinga wabonye igikomere cy'umutwe kandi yari ku buriri bw'ibitaro. Nyuma y'ibitaro, ku ya 27 Kamena 1938, yafatiwe nk'uwitabira kurwanya Trotskyist yo muri Trotskyist-impinduramatwara. Umwamikazi yakatiwe imyaka icumi maze yoherezwa i Kolya.
Kubijyanye n'ifatwa rya Marshal Tukhachevsky n'abanditsi b'intwaro nshya, iterambere ryarahagaze. Ubushakashatsi bwa Rocketoplane, wakoraga Korolev, arakomeza, ariko atabanje kugira ngo yubake indege ya misile yo kurwana ntiyashobokaga.
Intsinzi n'ibikombe
Muri Nzeri 1940, mu cyifuzo cya Tupolev (nubwo we ubwe yatawe muri yombi mu 1938) Umwamikazi yahamagawe kuva Kolma. Yahise atangira gutsimbataza ibisasu gishya. Nyuma yindege ya mbere mu Kuboza 1941, itsinda rya Tupolev ryimuwe muri Omsk. Hano indege ya Tu-2 yatangijwe mubikorwa. Byari byiza cyane.
Sergey Korolev yakomeje gukora muri gereza KB Qazan, yiga iterambere ry'indege zindege. Dukurikije ibisubizo by'ibikorwa bye, yahawe igihembo cy'ikimenyetso cy'ikirere maze akura muri gereza. Intambara irangiye, akora imishinga ya RDD D-1 na D-2 hamwe na moteri ikomeye ya lisansi. Byaragaragaye ko mu Budage, imishinga nk'iyi yari imaze gushyirwa mu bikorwa, bityo yoherezwa mu bigo by'Ubudage. Korolev agera ku mwanzuro ko afite amahirwe yo kurema misile, ahubwo ni ibintu byiza.
Muri Gicurasi 1946, ubuyobozi bw'Abasoviyeti bifata itegeko, ryatangiye iterambere ry'ubwubatsi bwa roketi. Mu karere ka Moscow Kalingrad (Korolev Uyu munsi), Leta yahujije intwaro zigenda zigenda (NII-88). Korolev yashyizweho numwe mubashushanya.
Ibikurikira, ibyabaye biratera imbere byihuse:
- Ku cyerekezo cya Stalin, kopi ya roketi yo mu Budage;
- Ibizamini bya misile ya A-4 yakusanyirijwe mu gikombe cy'ikigo cyo mu gikombe mu bigo bya Nordhausen na Nii-88;
- Misile za mbere r-1 zageragejwe, zororoka A-4 mubikoresho byabo kubyangombwa byo murugo.
Kubangamizi
Sergey Korolev yaje kuba abadayisiga bafite impano gusa, ariko kandi nuwateguye umutekano washoboye guhuza imirimo yamacakuke yose.
Iterambere ry'ikimenyetso cyibikoresho bya gisirikare ryatangiye gukora roketi hamwe na km 300. Mu 1948, roketi ya R-2 ishyirwaho hamwe na km zitandukanye 600, zishobora kugera ku bisekuru byabanyamerika. Nkibisubizo byiterambere, RDD R-5m hamwe na km 1.200 hamwe nigice cyo kurwanya kirimbuzi kigaragara. Ibizamini bya misile y'ibikorwa byakozwe mu myanda ya Semipalatiya ku ya 2 Gashyantare 1956.
Icyerekezo nyamukuru cyumwamikazi cyari iterambere rya misitile zimugwite. Rocketi ya R-7 ballistic (ICBM) yaremwe na we yari ifite km ibihumbi 8., Verisiyo igezweho ya IBC R-7A - ibihumbi 12. Amazi ya ICBM yatakaje lisansi akomeye y'Abanyamerika, bityo, roketi ya RT-1 yakozwe kuri lisansi ikomeye. Ibigo bya roketi bigezweho bifite ibikoresho bya lisansi bihamye, bishingiye kuri kabr RT-2, Byakozwe numwamikazi.
Cosnatics
Iterambere rya gisirikare ryari iry'umwamikazi ku rwego rwo kurushaho gutera imbere umwanya. Ku ya 4 Ukwakira 1957, icyogajuru cy'ubukorikori cyatangijwe bwa mbere mumateka yisi. Ukwezi, ku ya 3 Ugushyingo, icyogajuru cya kabiri cyoherejwe kuri orbit, ku bwato cyari imbwa hiswe. Ku ya 12 Mata 1961, Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin yagurutse mu kirere.
Mu gushyira mu bikorwa iyi mishinga, inzobere mu Nama Njyanama y'abashushanya mukuru waremewe n'umwamikazi. Satelite, Satelite, Satelite ashyizwe mu bikorwa neza, Satelite yashyizwe mu bikorwa neza, Sitasiyo ya siyansi na sisitemu byatangijwe.
Ubuzima bw'uwashizeho umushinga bwarumiwe hakiri kare, byabaye ku ya 14 Mutarama 1966. Impamvu y'urupfu nibikorwa byo kubaga, aho umutima wahagaze. Nyuma yo kwitabwaho, umuvuduko w'iterambere rya gahunda zo mu kirere wagabanutse. Nta n'umwe mu Burusiya, cyangwa muri Amerika yagaragaye ahwanye n'imiterere n'imiterere y'umuntu.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Sergey Korolev yashakanye kabiri. Ubwa mbere yashakanye na Kanama 1931 kuri Ksenia Viam Victati, mu 1935 amuha umukobwa.
Mu 1948, umuryango watandukanye.
Hamwe n'umugore wa kabiri, Nina Ivanovna Kontekova, wari umusemuzi muri Nii-88, yahuye ku kazi.