Ubuzima
Abraham Lincoln yavukiye i Hodgenville, Kentucky, 12 Gashyantare 1809. Thomas Licoln yabaye se, umuhinzi wubahwa, na Mama - Nancy banka, bimukiye muri leta baturutse muri Virginia y'Uburengerazuba. Yoo, ntabwo twagenewe gukura mu muryango ukize. Ntabwo yari iteganijwe: mu 1816, se yabuze imitungo ye mu gihe cy'ubushakashatsi bw'urukiko, kubera ko ikosa ryemewe ry'urukiko ryabaye iherezo ry'umutungo w'abahinzi.
Umuryango wa Rusange wimukiye muri Indiana, wizeye kugerageza umunezero mugutezimbere ibihugu bishya byubusa. Bidatinze, nancy hank yarapfuye, kandi kugira ngo akore imirimo ake yo kwita kuri Lincoln - yari akiri muto, Sarah. Mu 1819, Thomas Lincoln, wakize igihombo, ajyana umugore wa Saru - Bush Johnston, umupfakazi, uwo muri kiriya gihe yari abana batatu bo mu bashakanye bwa mbere. Hamwe na Sara-Bush, umubano ususurutse cyane wari umubano ususurutse na perezida uzaza, buhoro buhoro aba nyina wa kabiri kuri we.
Umusore Aburahamu yagombaga kujyanwa kumurimo wose wigihe gito kugirango afashe umuryango we kugabanya impera. Nta bidasanzwe kuroba no guhiga: kuri akazi nkako, umusore Lincoln ntabwo yigeze afata, kubera ko batujuje amahame mbwirizamuco.
Aburahamu yabaye uwambere mumuryango we wize kubara no kwandika, kandi yakundaga gusoma cyane. Igishimishije, kuba mumyaka ye yose, umusore yitabiriye ku ishuri, byose bitarenze umwaka. Yahatiwe gukora kugira ngo afashe bene wabo, ariko imyifatire idacogora yamufashaga kuba umuntu ubishoboye.
Igihe Aburahamu Lincoln yari afite imyaka 21, umuryango we ukomeye wafashe icyemezo cyo kwimuka. Muri icyo gihe, umusore uhagaze neza, ukuze yari afite imyaka 193, kandi urwego rw'icyubahiro ntirwigeze rutamenya ubumenyi kuri buri shuri wari wiga rwose kwishuri, yahisemo gutangiza ubuzima bwigenga. Kugeza ubu, yakoraga neza ku nyungu z'umuryango kandi aha ababyeyi be amafaranga ye yose, ariko ibikorwa nkibi ntabwo bimukwiriye mu miterere y'ubuzima bwe muri rusange.
Birakwiye ko tumenya ko inkuru yo gutsinda za Aburahamu arinkuru ntabwo itera intsinzi gusa, ahubwo inahamagaye inkoni zibyaye, umupolitiki yahoraga azi neza icyubahiro nyacyo. Rero, mu 1832, yagerageje gutsinda inteko ishinga amategeko ya Illinois, ariko irananirana. Noneho lincoln kurushaho kurushaho, atangira kwiga siyanse (cyane cyane yashishikajwe nuburenganzira).
Mugereranije nibyo, umusore uri kumwe n'incuti ye yagerageje gushaka amafaranga ku iduka ry'ubucuruzi, ariko ubucuruzi bwa ba rwiyemezamirimo bakiri bato basohoka mu maboko. Aburahamu, guhatirwa gutekereza kuri buri gice, yakijijwe gusa gusoma byinshi kandi ahora arota. Muri kimwe, Lincoln yashyizeho imyifatire mibi mubucakara.
Nyuma yaho, umusore Aburahamu yashoboye kwakira umwanya wa postmaster mu mujyi wa Syureyose mashya, hanyuma agafata umwanya w'umuhinzi. Mu bihe byo gutura muri Syurkylene Lincoln yakiriye imwe mu mazina ye azwi cyane: "Inyangamugayo ab".
Politiki yari ikiri cyane n'amafaranga, bityo rero yagombaga kuguriza inshuti ye. Ariko buri gihe yasubije imyenda igiceri cyanyuma ku gihe, yakiriye izina.
Gutangira umwuga wa politiki
Mu 1835, Abraham Lincoln yongeye kugerageza gutsinda inteko ishinga amategeko ya Leta ya Illinois, kandi iki gihe yashoboye gutsinda. Mu 1836, umunyapolitiki yatsinze ibizamini ku mutwe wemewe wa avoka, amaze kwiga amategeko yose yonyine. Nyuma yaho, yakoraga igihe kirekire mu gace gato, harimo, yajyanywe mu manza zigoye kandi yanga guhabwa amafaranga y'abaturage bakennye bakeneye ubufasha bwe. Muri disikuru ye, Aburahamu yahise ashimangira indangagaciro za demokarasi.
Mu 1846, ubunyangamugayo Kristo yinjiye mu nzu y'abahagarariye Kongere. Nko mu matora ajya mu iteraniro ry'amategeko rya Illinois, yatorewe mu ishyaka rya vigovi. Lincoln yamaganye ibikorwa by'Amerika mu ntambara yo muri Amerika yo muri Amerika, yashyigikiye icyifuzo cy'abagore kwakira amategeko y'itora, yagaragarije gutabarwa buhoro buhoro, yagaragajwe no gutabarwa buhoro buhoro igihugu cyatanzwe na gahunda.
Nyuma yigihe gito, Aburahamu yagombaga kwimuka muri politiki igihe gito, kubera ko imyifatire mibi ye ku ntambara mibi y'Abanyamerika-yo muri Mexico, yari ikunzwe cyane muri rubanda, ni yo nyirabayazana wa politiki ya Leta ya Leta. Utarinze kumumenagura umutwe kubera ivu kubera uku kunanirwa, batangiye kwishyura umwanya munini mubikorwa byemewe n'amategeko.
Mu 1854, ishyaka rya Repubulika rya Amerika ryaremewe, wakoresheje ivanwa ry'uburebe, kandi mu 1856, umunyapolitiki yagize uruhare mu ruhushya rushya rwa politiki. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko icyo gihe muri kiriya gihe abayoboke bahoze ari abayoboke ba Vigi binjiye mu ishyaka rya Repubulika.
Nyuma yimyaka mike, we, hamwe nuhagarariye ibirori bya demokarasi, Stephen Douglas, yiruka muri Sena ya Amerika. Mu mpaka, yongeye gushimangira imyifatire mibi y'ubucakara, bikamwemerera gutera izina ryiza, nubwo yatakaje amatora.
Perezida wa U.S.A
Mu 1860, Abraham Lincoln yatorewe nk'umukandida w'igihugu mu ishyaka rya republika. Yari azwiho gukora cyane, amahame yo mu myitwarire yo hejuru, yari afite icyubahiro cyumuntu wabaturage. Amakuru ashimishije yerekeye politiki ashimishijwe nimpapuro zibinyamakuru, kandi amafoto yayo yahuriye nubunyangamugayo nubutwari. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umunyapolitiki yatsindiye amatora andika amajwi arenga 80%.
Ariko, abatavuga rumwe na Perezida watowe nabo bari bafite byinshi. Politiki ye yasibye amahirwe yo gukwirakwiza uburetwa bwateje havugwa havugwa mu bihugu byinshi bijyanye no gusohoka kwa Amerika. Amatangazo ya Perezida avuga ko gukuraho uburetwa muri ibyo bihugu bimaze gukora, mu gihe cya vuba hateganijwe kwivuguruza bidasubirwaho hagati y'abaterankunga n'abatavuga rumwe na bo.
Intambara y'abenegihugu muri Amerika
Intambara iri hagati ya nyir'umucakara 15, aho Ikigo cy'ubucakara kitarabayeho, cyatangiye mu 1861 kandi gikaba kugeza ku ya 1865, bigatuma Perezida wa Perezida watowe. Muri iyi ntambara, urupfu rwe rutarakuze rwahuye n'icyemezo cy'abaturage benshi bo muri Amerika kurusha izindi mpanuka yitwaje intwaro aho leta yitabiriye.
Intambara yarimo intambara nyinshi n'izi nini kandi irangirana no kwishora mu kwishyira hamwe, abaturage bavuga ko ari abiwemerera kuba imbata-bunze ubumwe. Igihugu cyagombaga gukora inzira itoroshye yo guhuza ababohowe mu baturage muri societe y'Abanyamerika.
Ku mirwano, demokarasi niyo nyungu y'ibanze za Perezida. Yashyize imbaraga zose kugira ngo no mu ntambara y'abenegihugu mu ntambara y'abenegihugu mu ntambara y'abenegihugu mu ntambara yateganyirije gahunda ya Biparsan, amatora, ubwisanzure bw'imvugo n'indi midembo y'abaturage bo muri Amerika yagumye.
Manda ya kabiri n'ubwicanyi
Mu myaka y'intambara, Abraham Lincoln yabonye abanzi benshi. Icyakora, Perezida yakinnye no gukuraho ihererekanya n'abaturage bafatiwe mu rukiko, tubikesha abatorotse bose, ndetse n'abafana benshi b'abanyamwete b'inyubako yari afite umugaragu, bashoboraga gufungwa.
Nakunze abantu n'ibikorwa bijyanye na famsted, nk'uko uwabimukiye, watangiye gutunganya isi mu mugambi mu migambi runaka maze itsinda ryaryo ryometseho, ryabaye nyirayo.
Ibi byose byemereye Lincolno kugirango yongere gukina manda ya kabiri, ariko, gucunga igihugu cye kavukire kuri we, ishyano, ntibyatinze. Ku ya 14 Mata 1865, nyuma y'iminsi itanu intandaro y'intambara y'abenegihugu, Abraham Lincoln yiciwe muri theatre ya Ford by Umukinnyi John Wilke Bom, wavugiye ku ruhande rw'amajyepfo. Birashimishije kubona ko turi impanuka nyinshi nyuma yavumbuwe hagati yimiterere y'urupfu rwa Lincoln nuburyo John Kennedy yiciwe nyuma yikinyejana.
Kugeza ubu, ifatwa nk'imwe mu ba perezida batuye abo turi kumwe babujije gusenyuka kw'igihugu kandi bishyiraho imbaraga nyinshi kugira ngo babohore Abanyamerika. I Washington, igishusho cya Perezida, nk'ikimenyetso cyo gushimira abaturage bose, cyubatswe i Washington. Amagambo 16 Perezida wa Amerika yabaye igice cyubwenge bwabantu.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Inyangamugayo AB, birashoboka cyane, yarwaye indwara nka syndrome ya Marfan. Byongeye kandi, mugenzi wa Aburahamu yarihebye: Bavuga ko mu busore bwe, umusore yagerageje kugira ngo amutange inshuro nyinshi.
Mu 1840, Perezida uzaza yahuye na Mariya Tod, kandi mu 1842 abashakanye barashyingiwe. Umugore yahoraga ashyigikira uwo bashakanye mu bikorwa bye byose, bidatinze urupfu rwe rwabuze ubwenge.
Abahungu bane bavukiye mu muryango, ariko, ishyano, abana benshi ba Lincoln bane bapfuye mu rubyiruko cyangwa rubyiruko. Umwana w'ikinege wa Mariya na Aburahamu, barokotse imyaka ingimbi kandi bapfa bageze mu za bukuru - umuhungu w'imfura Robert Todd Lincoln.