Ubuzima
Mikhail Glinka ni Umunyamakuru w'Uburusiya, uwashinze Opera w'igihugu cy'Uburusiya, Umwanditsi w'isi azwi cyane "ubuzima ku mwami") ("ivan susanin") na "Ruskudmila".
Glinka Mikhail Ivanovich yavukiye mu gace rusange k'umuryango we mu karere ka Smolensk ku ya 20 Gicurasi (1 Kamena) yo mu 1804. Se yakomokaga kubwubatswe bwa Polonye. Ababyeyi b'akataramo ejo hazaza bagize bene wabo ba kure cyane. Nyina wa Mikhail Evgeniy Andreevna Glinka-Zemana yari mushiki wa kabiri wa se - Ivan NikoLavich Glinka.
Umuhungu yarababaje kandi afite intege nke. Imyaka icumi yambere yubuzima bwe yakoraga mumyaka icumi yambere yubuzima bwe, nyina wa feta Alexandrovna. Nyirakuru yari umugore utavogezi kandi ukarakara, uhingwa mumwana uhoraho kandi uhangayitse. Yize umwuzukuru wa Iccela Alexandrovna mu rugo. Inyungu zambere mumiziki yagaragaye numuhungu ukiri muto mugihe yagerageje kwigana inzogera imbonankubone hamwe nubufasha bwumuringa murugo.
Nyirakuru amaze gupfa, nyina yakoze amashuri ya Mikhail. Yateguye umuhungu wo muri St. Petersburghouse ya St. Petersburg, aho abana bato batoranijwe gusa. Ngaho Mikhail yahuye na LV 'funkin na murumuna we mukuru. Alexander Sergeevich yasuye umuvandimwe kandi akamumenya inshuti magara, imwe muriyo yari Mikhail Glinka.
Mu nzu y'abashyitsi, uwahimbye ejo hazaza yatangiye gufata amasomo yumuziki. Umwarimu we ukunda yari umukwe wa piyano. Glinka yibukije ko uyu mwarimu yatewe no gushinga uburyohe bwe bwa muzika. Mu 1822, Mikhail yarangije kwiga mu nzu icumbika. Ku munsi wo kurekurwa, yese hamwe na mwarimu Mayer yakoraga mu ruhame yakoze igitaramo cya Gummel kuri Piyano. Imvugo yagenze neza.
Carier Tangira
Ibihe byambere bya Glinka ni mubihe byo kurekura umushyitsi. Mu 1822, Mikhail Ivanovich yabaye umwanditsi w'ikugaragara. Umwe muri bo "nturirimbe, mwiza, hamwe nanjye" yanditse ku mirongo ya Alexandre sunkin. Umucuranzi umenyereye umusizi yabaye mugihe yiga, ariko hashize imyaka mike irekurwa rya Glinka mu nzu, urubyiruko rwabaye inshuti rushingiye ku nyungu rusange.
Mikhail Ivanovich, kuva mu bwana, yatandukanijwe n'ubuzima bubi. Mu 1923, yagiye muri Caucase kugira ngo avure n'amazi mabuye. Ngaho, yashimiraga ahantu nyaburanga, yize imigani yaho na rubanda, bakora ubuzima. Nyuma yo kuva muri Caucase, Mikhail Ivanovich yavuye mu gasozi rusange, ashinga imiziki.
Mu 1924, yagiye ku murwa mukuru, aho yatuye muri minisiteri ya gari ya moshi n'ubutumwa. Ntabwo yatangwa n'imyaka itanu, Glinka yeguye. Impamvu yo kuvuga yakozwe na serivisi yari kubura umwanya wubusa kumuziki. Ubuzima muri St. Petersburg bwagaragajwe Mikhail Ivanovich gukundana nabantu bahanga bahanga mugihe cye. Ibidukikije byamenye ko uwahimbye gukenera guhanga.
Mu 1830, ubuzima bwa Glinka bwarushijeho kuba mibi, umucuranzi yahatiwe guhindura urupfu rwa Petersburg ku kirere gishyushye. Uwahimbye yagiye gufata mu Burayi. Urugendo rwo kwidagadura mubutaliyani Glinka hamwe ninyigisho zumwuga. I Milan, uwahimbye yahuye na Timinetti na Bellini, yize opera na Belkanto. Nyuma yimyaka ine igihe yamaze mu Butaliyani, Glinka yagiye mu Budage. Ngaho, yafashe amasomo kuri Dena ya Siegfries. Guhagarika amahugurwa Mikhail Ivanovich yagombaga kubera urupfu rutunguranye rwa Data. Uwahimbye yihutiye gusubira mu Burusiya.
Umwuga utera imbere
Umuziki wigaruriye ibitekerezo byose bya Glinka. Mu 1834, uwahimbye yatangiye gukora kuri Opera "Ivan Susanin", yaje kwitwa "ubuzima bwa Tsar". Izina ryambere ryinyandiko ryasubijwe mu bihe by'Abasoviyeti. Igikorwa cya Opera kibaho mu 1612, ariko guhitamo umugambi mu ntambara yo mu 1812, byabaye mu bwana bw'umwanditsi. Igihe yatangiraga, Glinka yari afite imyaka umunani gusa, ariko imbaraga ze zerekeye imyumvire y'umucuranzi wabitswe mu myaka mirongo.
Mu 1842, uwahimbye yarangije akazi kuri opera ye ya kabiri. Igikorwa cya "Ruslan na Ludmila" cyatanzwe kumunsi umwe nka "Ivan Susanin", ariko mfite imyaka itandatu.
Glinka yanditse opera ye ya kabiri. Byamutwaye imyaka igera kuri itandatu kurangiza iki gikorwa. Gutenguha uwahimbye ntabwo byari bike mugihe akazi katagenze kubwimpanuka. Kunegura kunegura byanenzwe umucuranzi. Muri 1842 uwahimbye yagize ikibazo mubuzima bwe bwite, cyagize ingaruka kumarangamutima numubiri wa Glinka.
Kutishimira ubuzima byasunitse Mikhail Ivanovich gufata urugendo rushya rw'igihe kirekire mu Burayi. Uwahimbye yasuye imigi myinshi yo muri Espanye no mu Bufaransa. Buhoro buhoro, yasubije imbaraga ze zo guhanga. Igisubizo cyurugendo rwe ni imirimo mishya: "Aragon Khota" na "kwibuka castile". Ubuzima bwo mu Burayi bwafashije Glinka kugarura kwigirira icyizere. Uwahimbye yagiye mu Burusiya.
Mu gihe runaka, Glinka yakoresheje mu gitsina, nyuma aba i St. Petersburg, ariko ubuzima bw'isi bwarambiwe umucuranzi. Mu 1848, yisanze i Warsaw. Ngaho umucuranzi yabayeho imyaka ibiri. Iki gihe cyahimbwe cyaranzwe no gukora simponic Fantasy "Kamarinskaya".
Mikhail Ivanovich yamaze imyaka itanu ishize. Mu 1852, uwahimbye yagiye muri Espagne. Imiterere y'ubuzima bw'umucuranzi yari ifite intege nke, kandi Glinka yageze mu Bufaransa, yahisemo kuguma aho. Paris atonesha. Kumva kuzamuka mu mikuriro, uwahimbye yatangiye gukora kuri simfoni ya Taras Bulleba. Amaze imyaka igera kuri ibiri i Paris, umucuranzi hamwe no gukora byose guhanga yagiye murugo. Impamvu yatumye iki cyemezo ari intangiriro yintambara ya Crimée. Symphony "Taras Bulleba" ntabwo yigeze irangira.
Agarutse mu Burusiya mu 1854, umucuranzi yanditse abimenyereza, byasohozwa nyuma yimyaka 16 yitwa ". Mu 1855, Mikhail Ivanovich yahimbye urukundo "mu munota w'ubuzima bigoye" ku murongo wa Mikhail Lemontov. Umwaka umwe, uwahimbye yagiye i Berlin.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima bwa Glinka ninkuru yurukundo yumuntu wumuziki, ariko hariho ubuzima bwumuntu nubuzima busanzwe. Mu gihe cy'urugendo rwe mu Burayi, Mikhail yabaye intwari y'amahimbi myinshi. Agarutse mu Burusiya, uwahimbye yahisemo kurongora. Dukurikije urugero rwa Data, yahisemo umuvandimwe we w'ikirukishwa muri bagenzi be. Umugore w'Uwahimbwe yabaye Maria (MaryA) Petrovna Ivanova.
Abashakanye bafite itandukaniro ryimyaka cumi nine, ariko uwahimbye ntabwo yabujije. Ubukwe bwahindutse kutishimye. Mikhail Ivanovich yahise amenya ko yibeshye akoresheje amahitamo. Umubano w'abashakanye wahambiriye umucuranzi hamwe n'uwo mwashakanye adakunzwe, kandi umutima uhabwa undi mugore. Catherine Kern yabaye urukundo rushya rwahimbye. Umukobwa yari umukobwa wo mu muse Cheskin, Alexandre Sergeevich yeguriye igisigo "Ndibuka akanya."
Umubano wa Glinka hamwe nabakunzi bamaze imyaka hafi 10. Akenshi muriki gihe umucuranzi yarubatse kumugaragaro. Umugore wemewe Maria Ivanova, utari mu ishyingiranwa ryemewe, yatangiye gushakisha Amur ibintu kuruhande. Glinka yari azi kubyerekeye ibyago bye. Uwo mwashakanye yatutse umucuranzi mu myanda, gushushanya no guhinduka. Uwahimbye yarihebye cyane.
Nyuma yimyaka itandatu yubukwe hamwe na Glinka Maria Ivanov yashakanye rwihishwa kwa Cornet Nikolai Vasilchikov. Iyo ibi bihe byafunguwe, Glinka yakiriye ibyiringiro byo gutandukana. Muri iki gihe cyose, uwahimbye umubano na Catherine curne. Mu 1844, umucuranzi yumvise ko ubukana bwurukundo rwa Ugas. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, yakiriye ubutane, ariko ntabwo yarongoye kuri Catherine.
Glinka no gusunika
Mikhail Ivanovich na Alexander Sergeevich bari abo mu gihe. Fushkin yari umusaza glinka imyaka itanu gusa. Mikhail Ivanovich yarenze ku myaka ya makumyabiri, hari inyungu nyinshi na Alexandesevich. Ubucuti bwurubyiruko rwakomeje urupfu rubabaje rwumusizi.
Glinka asama Ophas Ruslan na Ludmila kugirango babashe gukorana na sunkin. Urupfu rwumusizi rwadindije cyane inzira yo kurema opera. Nkigisubizo, kwihagararaho hafi. Gljka yitwa "Fuskin kuva mu muziki", kubera ko yakoze umusanzu wa posita imwe mu gushinga ishuri ry'igihugu cy'Uburusiya nk'inshuti ye mu iterambere ry'ibitabo by'Uburusiya.
Urupfu
Mu Budage, Glinka yiga guhanga kwa Johann Sebastian baha n'abagenzi be. Utarinze kuba i Berlin numwaka, uwahimbye. Urupfu rwamutaye muri Gashyantare 1857.
Uwahimbye yashyinguwe mu buryo bwiyoroshya ku irimbi rito rya Lutheran. Nyuma y'amezi make, murumuna wa Glinka Lyudmila yaje i Berlin kugira ngo ategure igare rya musaza wa Groch mu gihugu cyabo. Isanduku hamwe n'umubiri wahimbye kuva Berlin kugera i Ber. Petersburg yajyanywe mu gasanduku k'ikarito hamwe na porcelain ".
Kugarura Glinka muri St. Petersburg ku irimbi rya Tikhvin. Imva nyayo mu mva ya mbere y'uwahimbye iracyahari i Berlin mu karere k irimbi rya orotodogisi mu Burusiya. Mu 1947, urwibutso rwa Glinka narwo rwashyizwe ahari.
Ibintu bishimishije
- Glinka yabaye umwanditsi w'urukundo "Ndibuka umwanya mwiza," wanditswe ku mirongo ya Alexander Sergeevich funkin. Umusizi yitangiye umurongo wa Mousse Anna Anna, na Mikhail Ivanovich yeguriwe umuziki wumukobwa we Catherine.
- Umuhimbyi amaze kubona amakuru y'urupfu rwa Mama mu 1851, ukuboko kwe kw'iburyo kwarambuye. Mama yari umucuranzi umugabo wa hafi.
- Glinka yashoboraga kubyara. Umucuranzi w'umukunzi mu 1842 yari atwite. Uwahimbye muri iki gihe yarubatse kumugaragaro kandi ntashobora kubona ubutane. Umucuranzi yahaye Catherineur Furne amafaranga menshi yo gukuraho Tchad. Umugore asigaye hafi umwaka mukarere ka Politava. Dukurikije imwe muri verisiyo, umwana yari akivuka, kuva muri Kernarina Kern yabuze igihe kirekire. Muri icyo gihe, ibyiyumvo by'umucuranzi byashize, asiga ishyaka. Glinka, mu mpera z'ubuzima bwe, nicujije cyane kuba nasabye Ekaterina gukuraho umwana.
- Umucuranzi mumyaka myinshi yashakishije ubutane hamwe numugore we Maria Ivanova, ashaka kurongorwa na Caern yakundaga Catherine, ariko akaba yarabonye umudendezo, ahabwa umudendezo, yahisemo kureka ishyingiranwa. Yasize ishyaka rye, atinya inshingano nshya. Kern Kern yategereje imyaka hafi 10 avuga ko uwahimbye azamugarukira.