Ubuzima
Peter ilyiki Tchaikovsky yavutse ku ya 7 Gicurasi 1840 mu mudugudu wa Votkinsk, uherereye ku butaka bwa Udmurtia igezweho. Se yabaye Ilya Petrovich Tchaikovsky, injeniyeri, akomoka kuri Choj ya Cospack, izwi muri Ukraine. Nyina w'ejo hazaza uzwiho uwahimbye Alexander Andreevna Assier, watojwe mu ishuri ry'imfubyi y'abagore mbere gato y'urupfu rwa se. Alexandra Andreevna yahuguwe mu bitabo, geografiya, indishyi, imiterere n'indimi zamahanga.
Muri Urals, umuryango watewe nuko Ilya Petrovich yahawe umwanya wumuyobozi wicyuma cya Kamko-Votkinsky, icyo gihe wari ikigo kinini cyane. Muri Votkinsk, TcHaikovsky-Sr. Yakiriye inzu nini hamwe numugaragu ndetse n'ingabo ze, yari igizwe na cossack ijana. Muri iyi nzu, abanyacyubahiro barebwaga muri iyi nzu, urubyiruko rwo mu murwa mukuru, injeniyeri z'Icyongereza hamwe n'abandi bantu bakubahwa.
Mu muryango we, Petero yaje kuba umwana wa kabiri. Yabyaye kandi umuvandimwe mukuru Nicholas, murumuna wa Hippolit na mushiki wanjye Alexander. Mu nzu nini ya Tchaikovsky, ntabwo ari couple gusa hamwe nabana babo gusa yabayeho, ariko na bene wabo benshi ba Ilya Petrovich. Guhugura abana kuva St. Petersburg, Guverineri-Igifaransa-Igifaransa FannSofaki yatewe, cyaje kuba umwe mu bagize umuryango wa TChaikovsky.
Umuziki wahoze ari umushyitsi ukaze munzu yababyeyi wa Petero Ilyich. Se yari azi gukina umwironge, Mama - kuri piyano n'inanga, kandi na we akora ingendo ubuhanga. Guverinoma y'uburezi bwa muzika bwambuwe, ariko kandi bugaburirwa ishyaka ry'umuziki. Mu nzu ya Tchaikovsky hari orchestrion (urwego rwa mashini) na piyano. Umucuranzi ukiri muto yafashe amasomo yumukino kuri piyano mu gihome Marya Falchikova, wari ufite gusoma mu muziki.
Ubundi buryo bwa TChitaikovsky, usibye kwiga shingiro ryumukino kuri piyano, imivugo yabaye. Peter hamwe nigice cyateganijwe mubisigo byinshi. Byongeye kandi, yagerageje kwiga ibintu byose bishoboka gusa, uhereye kuri biografiya ya Louis XVII. Kubaha uyu mateka yatwaye mubuzima bwe bwose.
Mu 1848, Tchaikovsky yimukiye i Moscou, kubera ko Ilya Petrovich asezeye kandi agambiriye kubona serivisi yihariye. Amezi abiri gusa, umuryango wongeye kugenda, iki gihe - kuri St. Petersburg. Ngaho, abahungu bakuru bagaragaye muri pansiyo ya shinge.
I St. Petersburg, Peter Ilyich yakomeje kwiga umuziki, kandi anamenyana na ballet, Opera na Orchestre. Ahantu hamwe, umusore yari yaranyeganyega, kubera ibyo yagiranye na gato yari afite igihe cyafashwe buri gihe.
Mu 1849, Nikolai Tchaikovsky, umuvandimwe mukuru Petero, yariyemeje mu kigo cy'abashinzwe ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, abana basigaye hamwe n'ababyeyi babo basubiye mu kirali, mu mujyi wa Alapaevsk. Ngaho, umutware wumuryango yafashe umwanya wumutwe wigihingwa cyabazunguya ya yakovlev. Fanny Dulgch icyo gihe yavuye mu muryango wa TChaikovsky, nindi buyobozi - Petria Petrova Anastasia yahawe akazi mu gutegura umwangavu Peter IlyIich kugira ngo abone amashuri makuru.
Muri uwo mwaka, umucuranzi ukiri muto yari afite abandi bavandimwe babiri bato: Gemini yiyoroshya kandi anato.
Serivisi na serivisi za Leta
Nubwo umusore Tchaikovsky yari ataragaragaza ko ashishikajwe n'umuziki, yishimiye Opera uzwi cyane kandi yishimira kujya muri ballet, ababyeyi be ntibafataga umuziki na gato nk'umuziki we umwuga we. Mu mizo ya mbere, yashakaga kumwohereza mu kigo cy'imitwe ya ba injeniyeri, ndetse n'umuhungu w'imfura Nicholas, ariko rero yahisemo ku ishuri ry'amategeko, ryari riherereye i St. Petersburg. Peter ilyich yinjiye muri 1850.
Kw'ishure, umucuranzi yamenye kugeza 1859. Imyaka yambere yubushakashatsi yari iya Tchaikovsky ubwabo bigoye: Ntabwo bigoye kurokoka gutandukana nabavandimwe badashobora kumusura kenshi. Kandi abarinzi b'inshuti y'umuryango w'imyambarire Vakara yatwikiriye ko umwaka w'imyaka icumi yazanye atabishaka yazanaga umutwe mu nzu ye, kubera ibyo umuhungu muto wo kwiyoroshya yapfuye gitunguranye.
Mu 1852, igihe Ilya Petrovich yavuye muri serivisi, umuryango wose wimukiye muri St. Petersburg. Muri iyi myaka, Peter iltaich yari azi neza na opera ya Opera na Ballet, kandi anagira inshuti n'umunyeshuri twiganaga, Umusizi Alexei Apokhtin, yagize uruhare runini mubitekerezo bye n'imyizerere ye.
Mu 1854, nyina wa TCharevsky yapfuye nyuma yo kurwanya Cholera. Ilya Petrovich yagabanije abana bakuru mu bigo by'amashuri byafunzwe, kandi impanga zijoro zimaze imyaka ine zitura muri murumuna we.
Mu gihe cyo kuva mu 1855 kugeza 1858, Peter Ilyeich yafashe amasomo kuri piyano mu kinyamakuru cya piyano kizwi cyane cy'Abadage Rudolf Kündanger. Umusore wa TChitavsky we wahaye umwanya se, ariko mu mpeshyi yo mu 1858 amasomo yagombaga guhagarara: Kubera uburiganya bwatsinzwe, kandi nta kintu na kimwe cyo kwishyura umucuranzi w'amahanga. Kubwamahirwe, bidatinze, TChaikovsky-mukuru yahawe kuyobora ubuyobozi bw'ikoranabuhanga mu kigo cy'ikoranabuhanga maze atanga inzu nini ya guverinoma aho yimukiye mu bana.
Ishuri rye mwishuri ryamategeko, Peter Illysich yarangije mu 1859. Igishimishije, yishimiye impuhwe nyinshi abarimu nabandi banyeshuri bo mwishuri. Bitandukanye n'izindi mibare y'impano zo guhanga, igihanganye no kudakunda no gusabana intege nke, Peter Tchaikovsky yumvise neza muri sosiyete kandi ihuye neza na sosiyete iyo ari yo yose.
Iyo umusore arangije kwiga, umusore yabonye akazi muri Minisiteri y'Ubutabera. Ngaho, yasezeranye, akenshi, akora ibibazo by'Abahinzi bitandukanye. Mu gihe cye cy'ubusa, yakomeje kujya muri the opra theatre no kwishora mu muziki. Mu 1861, Peter Ilyich yasuye umupaka, gusura Hamburg, Berlin, Anvers, Buruseli, Paris, Ostend ndetse Londres. Icyo gihe, yari afite Igitaliyani kandi Igifaransa, bityo akaba yarashoboye guherekeza injeniyeri Pisareva v.v. (inshuti ya se) nk'umusemuzi.
Kurema
Nubwo byari bitangaje gute, no mu bihe bya 21, Peter ILYICH, wize kandi wafashe abakozi ba Leta, ntanubwo yatekerezaga ku mwuga wa muzika. We, kimwe n'ababyeyi, ntiyigeze abona uburemere. Ariko, amahirwe, se wurupfu rwa Ilya Petrovich aracyumva ko umuhungu we yagenewe kuba umucuranzi ukomeye.
THITOIKOVSKY-SR. Ndetse yagiye i Rudolf Kündanger kugirango amenye igitekerezo cye ku mpano y'umuhungu we. Umunyamisiri w'Ubudage yavuze ko nta bushobozi bwihariye bwumuziki bufite na TChaikovsky-gito, kandi nimyaka 21 - ntabwo ari imyaka yo gutangiza umwuga wo guhanga. Kandi Peter iltich ubwe atanga icyifuzo cya se cyo guhuza akazi hamwe no kwakira amashuri mu muziki ubanza kubonwa nkurwenya.
Ariko amaze kumenya ko serivisi nshya zafunguwe, zizayobora rubistein izwi cyane, zahindutse rwose. THaikovsky yahisemo uburyo bwose bwo kujya muri St. Petersburg conservatory, ibyo yabikoze, kuba umwe mubanyeshuri ba mbere b'iki kigo cyuburezi mwishuri. Bidatinze, ajugunya kandi inzovu, ahitamo, nubwo yabonaga amafaranga, kwitangira rwose umuziki.
Nkumugisha we, Peter Ilyech yanditse kantate "kwishima." Yakozwe mu busobanuro bwo mu Burusiya bwa Odi Friedrich n'umutwe umwe. Abacuranzi ba St. Petersburg Cantata batangaje. Umunegura Kayisari Kui yagaragajwe cyane cyane, avuga ko yari afite intege nke nk'abahimbyi Tchaikovsky, ndetse no kumushinja ko abimukira. Kandi ibi nubwo kuri abaziki bya Peter iltich byari umudendezo, kandi ibigirwamana bye byari borodin, Mussorsky, Balakirev, abahimbye batanze abayobozi namategeko.
Ariko reaction nkiyi ntiyahangayikishijwe nuwahimbye na gato. Amaze kubona umudari wa feza wari ukwiye kurangiza serivisi za Mutagatifu Petersburg, icyo gihe icyo gihe yari ahebengagihe, yari akiri ishyaka rinini na Azart ku kazi. Mu 1866, uwahimbye yimukiye i Moscou ku butumire bwa murumuna we w'umujyanama. Nikolay Rubainstein yamuhaye imirimo ya Porofeseri kuri conservatori ya Moscou.
Umwuga utera imbere
Muri konserwatori ya Moscou, Tchaikovsky yerekanye ko ari umwarimu mwiza. Byongeye kandi, yakoresheje imbaraga nyinshi mu gutegura ibintu byujuje ubuziranenge. Kubera ko ibitabo bikwiye kubanyeshuri be muri kiriya gihe cyabayeho gato, twahiriwe mu buhinduzi bw'ibitabo by'amahanga ndetse no gushinga ibikoresho byayo bwite.
Ariko, mu 1878 Peter IlyIch, ndambiwe gusenyuka hagati yigisha no guhanga kwe, basize umwanya we. Umwanya we wafashwe na Sergey Taneyev, wabaye umunyeshuri ukunda cyane wa Tchaikovsky. Bituma urangirira impera ya Tchaikovsky yafashije umutunzi patronage yizeye von MINCC. Kubera umupfakazi n'umupfakazi, yarinze uwahimbye kandi buri mwaka amuhaye inkunga mu mafaranga 6000.
Hari nyuma yo kwimukira i Moscou ko kuzamuka nyabyo ku mwuga wo guhanga wa Peter ilich THaikovsky yatangiye kuri Moscou kandi habaye igihimbano. Muri iki gihe, yahuye n'abahimbiye bitabira "ukuboko gukomeye". Dukurikije inama za Milia Balakwirev, umuyobozi wa Commonwealth, TChaikovsky, yatumye abantu bakina fantasy bashingiye ku murimo wa Shakespeare "Romeo na Juliet".
Mu 1873, Peter Ilyech yanditse undi murimo we uzwi - igitekerezo cya "Umuyaga", igitekerezo yasabye kunegura umushyitsi w'umuziki cyemewe Vladimir Stasov muri iyo minsi. Muri icyo gihe kimwe, Tchaikovsky yatangiye gutembera, kwiyongera mu mahanga no gukoresha amashusho yafashwe mu kwibuka kugira ngo akore ibiremwa byabo bikurikira.
Mu myaka ya 1870, uwahimbye yanditse ibintu nk'ibyo nk'Ikiyaga cya Swan ", Opera" okrichnik ", sinasi ya piyano hamwe na orchestca da rimini", Opera "Ofigin", Igikombe cya Piyano "Times imyaka" nibindi byinshi. Mu 1880-18-1890, Peter Tchaikovsky ndetse kenshi na rimwe, ajya mu mahanga, no mu makimbirane menshi - mu rwego rwo gushushanya ingendo.
Mu ngendo nk'izo, umucuranzi yahuye kandi agirana inshuti n'abacuranzi benshi bo mu burengerazuba: Gustav Mainler, Artoward Griegy, Edward Grieg, Antonin Nobokik n'abandi. Uwahimbye ubwe yakinnye nk'umuyobozi mu bitaramo. Mu ntangiriro ya 1890, TChitaivsky ndetse yashoboye gusura Amerika. Hariho intsinzi itangaje mugihe cyigitaramo, aho Petero Ilyich yayoboye ibikorwa bye. Byanditswe mugihe cyo guhanga, nta bandi gushidikanya bafite impano yuwahimbye.
Imyaka yashize, mbere y'urupfu rwe, TcHaikovsky yabereye hafi y'umujyi wa wedge hafi ya Moscou. Ahantu hamwe, yemeye gufungura ishuri, atishimiye ubuzima bw'amahinzi yaho, kandi atamba amafaranga y'ibirimo. Mu 1885, yafashaga imitwe yo kurwanya umuriro, kubera ko amazu menshi yatwitse mu mujyi.
Muri iki gihe cyubuzima bwe, uwahimbye yanditseho ballet "ibinyomoro", Opera ", Lalanta Opera, simphony ya gatanu. Muri icyo gihe, kumenyekana mpuzamahanga impano ya Peter Iltich yemejwe: mu 1892 yatorewe ko ari umwe mu bagize Ishuri Rikuru ry'abahanzi beza i Paris, kandi mu 1893 - kaminuza y'icyubahiro muri Cambridge.
TChaikovsky yapfuye ku ya 6 Ugushyingo 1893 avuye muri kolera. Yahiriye muri Katedrali ya Kazan, ashyingurwa muri Necropolis ya basters.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Amafoto menshi yagumye, aho Petero Tchaikovsky arafatwa Byongeye kandi, hamwe nabagabo be. Icyerekezo cy'uwahimbye mu buzima bwe cyabaye ingingo ya Obiden: Bamwe baregwa umucuranzi ko yari abaryamana bahuje igitsina. Yatekereje ko abantu be (abo bagabo yahuye na platique) ni Joseph Rick, Vladimir Davydov ndetse n'abavandimwe Alexey na Mikhail na Safronov.
Biragoye gusuzuma niba hariho ibimenyetso byinyongera byerekana ko abagabo bakundanye. Umubano we nibibazo byavuzwe haruguru birashobora kuba urugwiro. Ba uko bishoboka, abagore bari mu bihe bya Tchaikovsky na bo bari, nubwo bamwe mu bashakashatsi batongana ko ku buryo uwahimbye yagerageje guhisha ko aba gay.
Rero, abasore b'Abafaransa Priadonna Arto babaye umugore wo gusezera kuri Peter Iltich, wahisemo Esambiya ya Marian Padilla. Kandi mu 1877, umugore we bwite yabaye Antonina Milkokova, wari muto mu bashakanye baheshejwe imyaka umunani. Ariko, ubu bushakashatsi bwamaze ibyumweru bike gusa, nubwo Antonina ku kumugaragaro na Petero batanye.
Birakwiye kwibutsa guhuza kwe nibyiringiro byinyuma ya Maka, yunamye impano yuwahimbye kandi imyaka myinshi amushyigikira mubintu.