Ubuzima
Andrei Platoovich Platonovich Platonov - Prose y'Abasoviyeti, Umusizi, Umunyamakuru, Umukinnyi. Byinshi mubikorwa byiza byumwanditsi byasohowe nyuma y'urupfu rwe.
Andrei Platoovich yavutse muri Kanama 1899 muri Yamsk Sloboda (Voronezh). Umuhungu yari imfura mumuryango wamahugurwa ya gari ya moshi. Se w'umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza, Platon Firsovich Climen, yari umushoferi wa Lokomtive akaba umukanishi, yisumbuye inshuro ebyiri izina ry'umurimo. Mama Maria Vasilyevna Lobochekina yari umukobwa wikinyabiziga. Nyuma yo gushyingirwa, umugore yishora mu rugo.
Umuryango wa climens wari munini. Kubuzima bwe, Maria Vasilyevna yibarutse abana cumi n'umwe. Platon Firsovich yamaze hafi igihe cye cyose mumahugurwa. Abana bakuru bakiri bato bafashije se gushaka amafaranga yo kugaburira umuryango.
Ameru yamaze imyaka irindwi, Andrei yiyandikishije mu ishuri rya paruwasi-Paruwasi. Mu 1909, umuhungu yinjiye mu ishuri rine ry'umujyi. Kuva mfite imyaka 13, umwanditsi uzaza yatangiye gukora kumushahara. Umusore yagerageje imyuga atandukanye, kugeza igihe cumi n'umunani, yashoboye gukora mu mahugurwa menshi ya Voronezh.
Kurema
Andrei Climen yinjiye mu ishuri rya tekinike rya gari ya moshi mu 1918. Kugira ngo urangize amahugurwa n'umusore wabujije intambara y'abenegihugu. Kuri Andrei, igihe gishya cyubuzima kirageze. Yatsinze intambara y'abenegihugu mu nzego z'ingabo zitukura. Impinduramatwara yo mu Kwandikira yabaye imbaraga ku musore.
Mu ntangiriro ya makumyabiri, climens yahinduye izina maze itangira gufatanya n'abanditsi n'ibinyamakuru by'ijwi ritandukanye. Yagerageje nk'umusizi, Adamu, kunegura, indorerezi. Mu 1921, igitabo cya mbere cya Andrei Platoni cyitwa "Amashanyarazi" cyasohotse mu binyamakuru. Inkuru ze zambere zambere zitandukanijwe nubugizi bwa nabi. Guhindura amajwi mu kazi k'umwanditsi wabaye mu 1921 nyuma yo guhura n'umugore uzaza.
Mu mwaka w'amavuko ya Platonov yemeje icyegeranyo cy'ibisigo "ubujyakuzimu bw'ubururu". Mu 1926, umwanditsi yarangije imirimo ku nyandiko yandikishijwe intoki y'inkuru "Gatefanic Greatways". Kwimukira i Moscou na bimwe byamamaye byatewe numwanditsi. Umwaka ukurikira wera cyane kuri Platonov. Kuva munsi y'ibaba ry'umwanditsi, inkuru "Kimwe cya", "Umujyi w'ikigaro", "Umujyi wa Kilight", "Mu Mwarimu wa Sandy", "
Ibikorwa bye bikomeye bya Platonov byakozwe mu gihe cya mirongo itatu mu kinyejana gishize. Mu 1929, yarangije akazi ku gitabo "Chevengir", no mu 1930 - hejuru y'amajwi y'imibereho "kotlovan". Mubuzima bw'umwanditsi, ibyo bikorwa ntabwo byatangajwe. Umubano we n'imbaraga no kugenzura byarabyibushye cyane. Umwanditsi yaguye inshuro nyinshi. Inkuru "y'ejo hazaza", yatangajwe mu 1931, yatumye ntagereranywa na Stalin. Umubare wa politiki wasabye kwambura umwanditsi amahirwe yo gucapwa.
Mu 1934, imbaraga zimbaraga zacitse intege gato. Platonov yajyanye na bagenzi bawe murugendo rwo hagati ya Aziya. Guhumekwa byaje ku mwanditsi nyuma yo gusura Turukimenisitani, maze yanditse inkuru "Takik" kuruta gutesha umutwe mushya wo kutemerwa no kunegura. Igihe Stalin yasomaga bimwe mu bikorwa bya Platon, yavuye mu manota mu buryo bw'amagambo yo mu Busuwisi aranga umwanditsi.
Nubwo batishimiye abayobozi, umwanditsi yashoboye gutangaza inkuru nyinshi mu 1936. Nyuma yo gutangira intambara ya kabiri yisi yose mubikorwa bye, ahantu h'imbere yagaragaye. Muri Platonov yibanze ku gutunganya ubuvanganzo bwa rubanda.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Andrei Platonov yashakanye imyaka 22. Yatoraniye yari Maria Kashintaeva. Umukobwa yari ishyaka ryambere ryumwanditsi. Imyaka 6 nyuma yo gutangira ubuzima bwumuryango wa Platonov, inkuru "umwarimu" wumucanga ", witangiye uwo bashakanye. Ibibaho byari bishingiye kubintu bivuye kuri biografiya ya Mariya Alexandrovna.
Umugore uzaza wumwanditsi mu 1921 asigaye mu ntege nke kugirango yirinde umubano na Platonov. Uku "guhunga urukundo" no kuryama inkuru ivuga kuri mwarimu. Maria yabaga mu kilometero mirongo itandatu uvuye mu mujyi. Umwanditsi yasuye umugeni inshuro ebyiri cyangwa eshatu mu kwezi. Inda ya Mariya yahisemo ikibazo cyumubano we na Planic. Umwanditsi ukomeje yunamye gushyingirwa mu 1921. Mu 1922, umuhungu yavukiye mu muryango, umuhungu yitwaga Platon mu cyubahiro cya Se w'umwanditsi.
Muri uwo mwaka, umuvandimwe na mushiki wa Esaik bapfuye bazize ibihumyo. Yahuye n'ifu yumwuka, akuramo umunezero wubuzima bwubatse nintimba yumuryango. Nyina w'umwanditsi ntiyabonye ururimi rusanzwe n'umukazana, Andrei Platoovich yari mu bihe bitoroshye. Ntiyigeze abasha kwiyunga abagore babiri b'ingenzi mu buzima bwe.
Mu 1929, mfite imyaka 54, nyina wa ProsAic yarapfuye. Nyuma yimyaka irindwi apfuye, Platonov yanditse inkuru y '"Mwana wa gatatu", yeguriwe Maria Vasilyevna.
Ubuzima bw'umwuzukuru wa climens bwagaragaye kuba mugufi kandi agahinda. Platon yari afite byinshi mubana, yiyongera nabasore babi kandi batagenzuwe. Afite imyaka cumi n'itanu, yagiye muri gereza. Mu gusoza, Plato yarwaye igituntu. Umusore yapfuye azize Paste y'imyaka makumyabiri. Mbere gato y'urupfu rwe Platon Andreevich yabaye se.
Ubuzima bwihariye bw'umwanditsi bwagaragaye mu mirimo ya Platon. Intwari ze zarababajwe na we, zamukundaga, zasaze zirapfa. Platonov yabaye sogokuru, ariko kubura umuhungu byavunitse inkoni y'imbere.
Mu 1944, Maria Alexandrovna yahisemo kubyara kabiri. Umukobwa w'umwanditsi Masha yagaragaye. Icyo gihe cya Platonov muri kiriya gihe cyari kimaze kurwara na Charotka. Ifoto yimyaka yanyuma yubuzima bwumwanditsi itanga igitekerezo kigaragara cya leta yubugingo bwe numubiri.
Urupfu
Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, Andrei Platonovich mu rwego rwa Kapiteni wabaye umunyamakuru wa mbere w'ikinyamakuru "Inyenyeri Yumutuku". Umwanditsi yagize uruhare mu mirwano, ntabwo yicaye inyuma, yari yoroheje mu nzu y'umusirikare. Dukurikije imwe muri verisiyo, platon ya cachotka yanduye mu ntambara. Ubuzima bw'umusirikare bwafashije umwanditsi gukusanya ibikoresho byo kumurongo hamwe ninyandiko zacapwe mu kinyamakuru "inyenyeri itukura".
Mu 1943, umuhungu w'ikinegara w'umwanditsi yarapfuye. Platoov yamwitayeho igihe kirekire, ariko umusore ntashobora gukira nyuma yo gufungwa. Dukurikije imwe muri verisiyo, umwanditsi yanduye igituntu ku mwana.
Mu 1946, Platonov yatunguwe kubera uburwayi. Muri uwo mwaka, yarangije akazi ku nkuru y'umuryango wa Ivanov, wagaragaye mu binyamakuru yitwa "Garuka". Umuhengeri wongeye gutwikira platonov n'umutwe we. Yashinjwaga gusebanya kubarwanyi kandi nta kashe.
Imyaka yanyuma yubuzima bwa Platonov yagombaga gukora amafaranga yo kwishora mubikorwa byatanzwe nubuvanganzo. Akazi k'umwanditsi cyibanze ku gutunganya imigani ya rubanda. Gushishikazwa nubuvanganzo bwabana byagaragaye muri Platonov kubera umukobwa we muto Masha. Mu 1950, umwanditsi yarangije akazi kumugani wumugani "indabyo itazwi" na "impeta yubumaji". Ukurikije ibyo bikorwa, sovieti benshi bateje firime zo kugwira kurangiza mirongo irindwi.
Umwanditsi mu itumba ryo mu 1951 yapfiriye i Moscou kuva Chakhotka, amushyingura mu irimbi rya Arumeniya. Mu 1952, inzira y'ubuzima bwa se w'umwanditsi yarangiye. Umugore wa PlatonOv yapfuye mu 1983, yarokotse umugabo we imyaka mirongo itatu. Umukobwa wabo Maria Andreevna yahiye ubuzima bwe ku murimo wo gutangaza imirimo ya Data. Yaremye kandi kimwe mu verisiyo z'amavi ye.
Ibitabo bya PlatonOv byatangiye gutangazwa cyane muri mirongo inani zo mu kinyejana gishize. Imirimo y'umwanditsi yateje inyungu zinyura mu gisekuru gishya cy'abasomyi. Mu 2005, Maria Andreevna yarapfuye ashyingurwa mu irimbi rya Arumeniya.
Bibliografiya:
- 1920 - Umuyobozi "w'inkuru na Pishsh"
- 1921 - Inkuru "Mariko", ako gatabo "
- 1922 - Igitabo cyibisigo "Uburebure bwubururu"
- 1927 - Umugani "Umujyi w'imijyi", "Umugabo wa Hydroy", "Umusenyi Sloboda", "Umwarimu wa Sandy"
- 1929 - Nag "Chevengir"
- 1929 - Inkuru "Umuturage wa Leta", "Makar Yumuntu"
- 1930 - "kotlovan", "Sharmanca" (gukina)
- 1931 - "Umukene Christicle" "Amayeri", Ikinamico "Voltage Nkuru" na "14 Umutuku utukura"
- 1934 - Umugani wa "Imyanda Imyanda", "Inyanja Youvele" na "Jan", inkuru "Takik"
- 1936 - Inkuru "Umuhungu wa gatatu" na "Kudapfa"
- 1937 - Inkuru "Uruzi Porudan", "mwisi nziza kandi yubukazi", "fro"
- 1939 - Inkuru y '"Umurusiya wamashanyarazi"
- 1942 - "Abantu ba Rolow" (gukusanya inkuru)
- 1943 - "Inkuru zerekeye umubyeyi" (gukusanya inkuru)
- 1943 - "Intwaro" (Ikusanyamakuru)
- 1945 - Ikusanyirizo ry'Inkuru "mu cyerekezo izuba rirenze", inkuru "nikita"
- 1946 - Inkuru "Umuryango Ivanova" ("Garuka")
- 1947 - Ibitabo "byamugaraje - Gukuramo Falcon", "imigani ya bashkir rubanda"
- 1948 - Igice "Lyceum yabanyeshuri"
- 1950 - Umugani "Ururabo rutazwi"