Boris Paspak - Biography, Ifoto, ubuzima bwite, ibisigo, imirimo, urupfu

Ubuzima

Boris Leonidovich Pasmak nimwe mu ba shebuja bake b'amagambo bahaye igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel. Ibisigo bye n'ubuhinduzi byinjiye mu kigega cya zahabu cy'ibitabo by'Uburusiya n'ibitabo by'amahanga.

Boris Paspak yavutse ku ya 29 Mutarama 1890 i Moscou mu muryango wubwenge. Mama - Piyano, umwuga we watangiriye muri Odessa, aho umuryango wateye imbere mbere yo kuvuka kwa Boris. Data numuhanzi numunyamuryango wishuri ry'ubuhanzi. Bimwe mu bishushanyo bye byabonetse na patron izwi cyane kuri Trestakov gallery. Se wa Boris yari inshuti na Lvom NikoLavich Tolstoy kandi akorana kwerekana ibitabo bye. Boris yari imfura, nyuma ye, abandi bana batatu bagaragaye mumuryango.

Kuva mu bwana, umusizi wazengurutse ikirere cyo guhanga. Inzu y'ababyeyi yafunguwe ku byamamare bitandukanye. Abashyitsi bifuzaga muri yo harimo Tolstoy, abahimbiye Scriabin na Rakhmaninov, Rakhmaninov, Abahanzi ba Ivanov, Polenov, Nesterov, Ge, Abaledita n'abandi bantu bazwi. Gushyikirana nabo ntibishobora kugira ingaruka kumisizi izaza.

Ububasha bunini bw'umuhungu bwari Scriabin, bukubiye mu bahimbye igihe kirekire yakundaga umuziki kandi arota kujya mu kirenge cya mwarimu we. Boris yiga neza, arangiza siporo ifite umudari wa zahabu. Mubangikanye niga kuri pronvertor.

Muri biografiya ya pasige ya Paspak, hari ibihe byasubiwemo igihe yagombaga guhitamo, kandi aya mahitamo yakundaga cyane. Icyemezo cya mbere nkiki cyari ukwanga umwuga wa muzika. Nyuma yimyaka, asobanura iki kibazo mugihe iburanisha ryuzuye rihari. Intego kandi neza, ibyo yakoze byose, byazanywe no gutungana rwose. Boris yamenye ko, nubwo gukunda umuziki bitagira umubi, ntiyashoboraga kugera ku burebure bwe mu murima wa muzika.

Mu 1908, biba umunyeshuri wa kaminuza ya Jurfak Moscou, nyuma yumwaka wahinduwe mu ishami rya filozofiya. Dukurikije ibintu byose, afite ibigereranyo byiza, maze mu 1912 yinjira muri kaminuza ya Margburg. Mu Budage, Papat yahanuye umwuga watsinze, ariko mu buryo butunguranye, yahisemo kuba umusizi, ntabwo ari umuhanga mu bya filozofiya.

Intambwe Zambere Mubuhanga

Imyambarire yimyambaro igwa kuri 1910. Ibisigo bye byambere byanditswe muburyo bwurugendo hamwe numuryango we muri Venise no kwanga umukobwa ukundwa, uwo atanga. Umwe muri bagenzi be yanditse ko muburyo bwabaye ibisigo byabana, ariko mubisobanuro birasobanutse neza. Nyuma yo gusubira i Moscou, biba umuburanyi kuzenguruka ubuvanganzo "amagambo" na "Musaget", aho asoma ibisigo bye. Ubwa mbere, ibigereranyo kandi bya Futurism bimugaragaza, ariko nyuma ahitamo inzira yigenga mumashyirahamwe yubuvanganzo.

1913-1914 - Imyaka yuzuyemo ibintu byinshi byo guhanga. Ibisigo byinshi byasohotse, icyegeranyo cy'imivugo "impanga mu bicu" byasohotse. Ariko umusizi arasaba ubwe, abona ibyo yaremye bidahagije. Mu 1914, yahuye na Mayakovsky, ufite uruhare runini kuri Paspat kuri Pasnak.

Mu 1916, Pasnak aba mu Ntara ya Perm, mu cyaro cya URWOLA ya VSEVOLODO-VIlva, aho yatumiwe n'umuyobozi w'ibihingwa byatori boris zbarsky. Akorera mu bufasha bwo mu biro ku banyamakuru ba nyiricyo kandi akora mu bucuruzi no gutanga raporo. Ukurikije ibitekerezo byinshi, yuurchatin kuva mu gitabo kizwi "Dr. ZHIVAGO" ni prototype ya Perm. Gusura igihingwa cya Berezniki kuri Kame. Mu rwego rwo kwishima kubyo yabonye mu ibaruwa yandikira S. P. Bobrov yita uruganda kandi yubatswe munsi y'umudugudu w'ibyimbe by'Uburayi "Umubiligi muto w'inganda".

Kurema

Guhanga ni inzira itangaje. Kuri bamwe, ni umucyo kandi ushimishije, kubandi - akazi gakomeye, bisaba imbaraga nyinshi kugirango ugere ku ntego kandi ugere ku butungane. Boris yari mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy'abantu. Kuva mumirimo myinshi, amazu meza yinono ninjyana. Icyegeranyo "Mushiki wanjye ni ubuzima", bwasohotse mu 1922, abona ko yagezeho bwa mbere ku murima w'ubuvanganzo.

Birashimishije, ndetse nibintu byamatsiko byamatsiko byari umubano we na Sergey Yesenin, utarishimiye umurimo wa Papaki. Hashingiwe nabwo, umubano wabo wahindutse guhangana. Intambara imaze kuba hagati yusi. Hariho ibintu bishimishije bya Katheva, aho Yesenina yise "Korolevich", na Pasll "Milat".

"Korolovyza yari afite ubwenge bwa mulatto azira amabere n'ukuboko kumwe, undi agerageza kuwuha ugutwi, mu gihe Mulat - mu buryo bwo kwerekana iyo myaka, bisa na Araba no ku ikoti rivanze Hamwe na buto ya barujwe n'ubushobozi bunoze, yakurikiranye ibipfunsi bya Kolivichy mu mutuku ku buryo atashoboraga gutsinda. "

Mu myaka ya za 1920 hari umubare w'ingenzi z'ingenzi: Kwimuka kw'ababyeyi kugera mu Budage, ubukwe bwa Evgenia Lurie, ivuka ry'Umwana, ivuza ibisigo bishya.

Ubuyobozi bw'Abasoviyeti

Mu ntangiriro ya 1930, Pasnak n'umurimo we bizi imbaraga. Icyegeranyo cyibisigo byasubiwemo buri mwaka, mu 1934 avugana no kuvugana na Kongere yubumwe bw'umwenge. Bifatwa nkumusizi mwiza mugihugu cya soviets. Mu 1935 yagiye i Paris kuri kongere mpuzamahanga abanditsi. Gusenyuka ubwoba bibaho murugendo, umwanditsi yinubira ibijyanye no kudasinzira kandi bibabaza.

Muri uwo mwaka, Pasllak yerekana umuhungu n'umugabo we Anna akhmatova, batawe muri yombi, hanyuma barekura stalin nyuma y'amabaruwa ye. Mu gushimira mu Kuboza 1935, umusizi yohereje Stalin nk'impano igitabo gifite ibisobanuro byamagambo ya rusizi rwa Jeworujiya. Mu ibaruwa iherekeza, ashimira "kubohora inkuba y'abavandimwe akhmatova."

Muri Mutarama 1936, hasohowe ibisigo bye bibiri, aho ashima I. V. Nubwo hashyizweho ingufu, imbaraga z'abaturage ntizababariye uwagumbuye kwa benewabo ba Akhmatova, ndetse no kurengera Gumilyov na Mandeltov na MandelStam. Mu 1936, bikurwa mu buzima bw'ubuvanganzo, ushinjwa kure mubuzima hamwe nibyishimo bibi.

Ubuhinduzi

PasllAK yakiriye izina rye ntabwo ari umusizi, ahubwo nanone nkumuhanga wo guhindura imivugo y'amahanga. Mu mpera z'imyaka 1930, igipimo cy'ubuyobozi bw'igihugu kirimo guhinduka kuri kamere ye, imirimo ntigasubirwamo, kandi iracyafite ubuzima. Ibi bihatira umusizi yerekeza kubisobanuro. Kuri bo, Pasnak bivuga ibihangano byihagije. Birakwiye gukorana no kwitaho bidasanzwe, kugerageza kubikora neza.

Itangira gukora ku buhinduzi mu 1936, mu gihugu cya Peredelkino. Ibikorwa bya Pasmani bifatwa nkibipimo bingana byimirimo minini. Ihererekanyamutiye aho kuba amahirwe yo kubamo umuryango mubihe bitotezo, ariko no mu buryo bwo kubishyira mu bikorwa nk'umusizi. Ubuhinduzi bwa Shakespeare bwakozwe na Boris Paspank bwabaye umuco.

Intambara

Kubera gukomeretsa abana, ntabwo bikangurira ubukangurambaga. Yatakaye kuruhande umusizi nayo ntiyashoboraga. Arangiza amasomo, abona imiterere yumunyamakuru wa gisirikare akajya imbere. Nyuma yo kugaruka, bitera ukwezi kw'ibisigo byo gukunda igihugu.

Mu myaka ya nyuma y'intambara, ikora cyane, ikora ibisobanuro, nkuko bagumye gusa amafaranga yinjije. Ibisigo byanditse bike - igihe cye cyose gikoresha muguhindurwa no kwandika igitabo gishya, gikora kubisobanuro bya Goethes Goethe.

"Dr. ZHIVAGA" n'ibyatsi

Igitabo "Dr. ZHIVAGA" ni kimwe mu bikorwa bikomeye by'umusizi muri prose, muburyo bwinshi ni igitabo cyiyongereyeho, hejuru yimyaka icumi. Prototype yimiterere nyamukuru yiki gitabo yari umugore we Zinaida Paslls (Nigauz). Nyuma yo kugaragara kwa OKGA IVISKYAYa mubuzima bwe, umuziki mushya wumusizi, akazi kari mu gitabo cyagenze cyane.

Ibivugwa mu gitabo gitangiye kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana birangirana n'intambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu. Izina ryigitabo nkuko nabinditse. Ubwa mbere yitwaga "abahungu n'abakobwa", hanyuma "buji yo gutwikwa" na "nta rupfu."

Ku nkuru ivugisha ukuri no kureba ibye byabaye ibyabaye muri iyo myaka, umwanditsi yari imvune ikaze, kandi Dr. Zhivago ntabwo azwi nk'ubuyobozi bw'igihugu. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, igitabo nticyacapishijwe, ariko icyubahiro cye cyashimiwe mu mahanga. Byasohotse mu Butaliyani mu 1957 Dr. ZHIvago "yakiriye itandukaniro ry'ishyaka rishishikaye abasomyi maze mpinduka ibintu nyabyo.

Mu 1958, igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel gitanga Pastak. Igitabo gihindurwa mu ndimi z'ibihugu bitandukanye kandi kireba amahoro, cyasohotse mu Budage, Ubwongereza n'Ubuholandi. Abategetsi b'Abasoviyeti bagerageje inshuro nyinshi gukuraho inyandiko yandikishijwe intoki kandi babuza icyo gitabo, ariko barushijeho gukundwa.

Kumenya impano yumwanditsi numuryango wisi biba umunezero nintimba bikomeye icyarimwe. Kwiyongera ntabwo ari imbaraga gusa, ahubwo ni na bagenzi bawe. Imyigaragambyo yoroshye ikorwa mu nganda, mu bigo, mu mashyirahamwe yo guhanga no mu yandi mashyirahamwe. Inyuguti rusange zishushanyije hamwe nibisabwa kugirango uhane umusizi wa stibble.

Basabye kohereza mu gihugu, ariko umusizi ntiyiyumvisha nta gihugu cye. Agaragaza ibyabaye bye muri iki gihe mu gisigo cya Nobel igihembo cyahembwa (1959), na we yatangajwe mu mahanga. Ku muvuduko w'imyiganguraga ry'ubukangurambaga bwo mu gihembo, yahatiwe kwanga, kandi yarinshinje ubuhegamba kumurongo. Boris Leonidovich akuyemo ubumwe bw'abanditsi ba USSR, ariko aguma muri Litnind, akomeje gutangaza no kwakira amafaranga.

Igisigo

Ku murongo wo mu gihe cyambere, ingaruka zuburiri zigaragara. Zirangwa ninzozi zigoye, amashusho adahuye anagereranya. Mu gihe cy'intambara, uburyo bwe buhinduka cyane - ibisigo byoroshye, byumvikana kandi byoroshye gusoma. Ibi biraranga cyane cyane ibisigo bigufi, nka "Werurwe", "Umuyaga", "Hmel", "Hamle". Ubuhanga bwa Pasmasi ni uko n'ibisigo bye bito birimo ibisobanuro byingenzi bya filozofiya.

Imirimo yanditse mu 1956 ni mu bihe byashize by'akazi ke igihe yabaga kandi akora muri Peredelkino. Niba ibyambere mubyago bye byari byiza, hanyuma nyuma icyerekezo cyimibereho kigaragara muri bo.

Insanganyamatsiko ukunda yumusizi nubumwe bwabantu na kamere. "Nyakanga" ni urugero rw'amagambo meza y'ibice, aho ashimisha igikundiro cy'umwe mu mezi meza cyane y'umwaka.

Mu bihe bya nyuma, icyegeranyo cye azinjira mu gisigo "urubura rugenda", cyanditswe mu 1957. Akazi kagizwe nibice bibiri: Igishushanyo mbonera cyibitekerezo na filozofiya kubisobanuro byubuzima ninshuro zayo. Ibaba rizaba umurongo "kandi ikinyejana kirekire kimara umunsi" kuva mu gisigo "iminsi imwe" (1959), na we yinjiye mu cyegeranyo cya nyuma.

Ubuzima Bwihariye

Ubuzima bwa Boris Paspak budashobora kurangira utasobanuye ubuzima bwe bwite. Umusizi yashakanye kabiri, bwa mbere - mu busore bwe, ubugira kabiri - akuze. Urukundo rwe rwa gatatu rwari.

Abagore be bose bari imiseke, batanga umunezero kandi baramwishimiye. Guhanga, ukunda karemano, kurohama ku nkombe yamarangamutima nicyo cyateye kutabishaka mubucuti bwite. Ntiyamanutse kugira ngo ahemukire, ariko ntiyashobora kuba umugore wizerwa.

Umugore we wa mbere Evgeny Lurie yari umuhanzi. Yahuye na we mu 1921 ababona ko ari inama yikigereranyo. Muri kiriya gihe, Pasnak arangiza akazi ku nkuru y '"ubwana bwa Luverx", Intwari yacyo yari inzego yishusho yumuhanzi ukiri muto. Intwari y'akazi nayo yitwa Evgenia. Kwirukana, ubwuzu nubuhanga byahujwe nibisobanuro bitangaje hamwe nubushake no kwihaza. Umukobwa aba umugore we na muse.

Guhura na we mubugingo bwumusizi byateje lift idasanzwe. Boris yarishimye rwose, bavutse imfura - umuhungu Eugene. Ibyiyumvo bikomeye mumyaka ya mbere yubukwe byasohoye kubibazo, ariko igihe kigeze, ubukene nuburemere bwubuzima bwa 20 bugaragarira imibereho myiza ya 20. Eugene yashakaga gushyirwa mu bikorwa nk'umuhanzi, bityo igice cy'umuryango kireba Pasmani cyatwaye.

Umubano wangiritse mugihe umusizi atangiye kwandikirana na Marina Tsveeva, bigatera ishyari ryaka umugore we, mumarangamutima yababajwe nuko ababyeyi ba Pasmani. Nyuma, azanga kugurisha ubushobozi bwabo bwo guhanga no kwitangira umuryango rwose. Ariko muriki gihe umusizi asa nkaho ukundwa - ZININAIDA Negauz. Afite imyaka 32 gusa, asanzwe afite imyaka 40, umugabo we n'abana babiri.

Nehigauses - bitandukanye cyane numugore wa mbere. Ni nyirabuja mwiza kandi nta buruhukiro utanga umuryango. Ntabwo yari afite inzitizi mu mugore wa mbere, ariko yakundanye nukureba. Gushyingirwa n'abana batoranijwe umusizi ntibyahagaze, ashaka kubana na we, bitandukanye na byose. Nubwo gutandukana, Papaki yakunze gufasha umuryango we wahoze, ashyigikira umubano nabo.

Ubukwe bwa kabiri kandi bwarishimye. Umugore watekereje yatanze amahoro nibihe byiza kukazi. Umuhungu wa kabiri wumusizi - Leonid yavutse. Kimwe numugore wambere, umunezero umaze imyaka irenga icumi. Hanyuma umugabo atangira gutinda kungurana burundu kandi buhoro buhoro yimuka mumuryango. Kurwanya amateka yo gukonjesha umubano wumuryango, mubiro bya ESTITIAL byikinyamakuru "Isi Nshya", ahura numuseri mushya hamwe numwanditsi mushya wa Olga Ivinskaya.

Boris ntiyashakaga gusiga umugore we, ku buryo inshuro nyinshi kugerageza guca umubano na Olga. Mu 1949, kugira ngo mvugana n'umusizi wa Opt, Ivinkaya arafatwa, yoherezwa mu myaka 5 aja mu nkambi. Muri iyi myaka, afasha nyina n'abana - afata akerekeza kandi akemeza ko amafaranga.

Ibizamini biremereye bigira ingaruka kubuzima bwe. Mu 1952, yisanga mu bitaro afite umutima. Nyuma yo gusubira mu nkambi Olga, Pasnak afite umunyamabanga udasanzwe. Ntabwo batandukana kugeza ubuzima bwe.

Urupfu

Ibyatsi bivuye kuruhande rwa bagenzi be ndetse n'abaturage bisezeranya ubuzima. Muri Mata 1960, Pasllak ikura indwara zikomeye. Byari oncology na metastasis mu gifu. Mu bitaro byegereye uburiri bwe, ZININAIDA ari ku kazi.

Muri Gicurasi hakiri kare, kumenya ko indwara idakira, kandi ugomba kwitegura urupfu. Gicurasi 30, 1960 ntiyabikoze. Zinaida izasiga ubuzima nyuma yimyaka 6, icyateye urupfu ni kimwe na papaki.

Ku muhango wo gushyingura, nubwo bafite imyifatire itari mibi y'abayobozi, abantu benshi baraza. Muri bo harimo Andrei vo vozneNy, Bulat Okudzhava, Naum Korzorvin n'abandi. Imva ye iherereye mu irimbi i Peredelkino. Umuryango wose washyinguwe aho. Umwanditsi wurwibutso ahabereye Pasmaniya ni Umunyabugeriya Sarah Lebeddev.

Imirimo n'ibitabo

• "Impanga mu bicu"
• "Umukunzi wo mu bwana"
• "Ibice bitatu biva mu nkuru"
• "UBURENGANZIRA BW'UMUTEKANO"
• "Airways"
• "Ivuka rya kabiri"
• "LEORGINA LYRICS"
• "Ku mutoza wo hambere"
• "Iyo Ugenda"
• "Muganga ZHIVAGO"
• "Igisigo n'ibisigo: muri 2 T"
• "Ntabwo nandika ibisigo ..."
• "Ibikorwa byatoranijwe"
• "Amabaruwa yandikiwe ababyeyi na bashiki bacu"
• "Inzandiko Boris Paspak"
• "ISI YISI"