Ubuzima
Fyodor shalyapin - Umuhanzi wa Opera n'Urugereko. Mu bihe bitandukanye, yari wenyine mu icumbi muri Mariinsky na Bolshoi Theatre, ndetse no muri Opera ya Metropolitan. Kubwibyo, umurimo wa Bass Yeremiya uzwi cyane kandi hakurya ye.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Fedor Ivanovich Shalyapin yavukiye muri Kazen mu 1873. Ababyeyi be basuye abahinzi. Padiri Ivan Yakovlevich yimukiye mu ntara ya VYAKKA, yakoraga ibintu bidasanzwe by'akazi - yakoreye amabaruwa mu micungire ya Zemstvo. Nyina na Evdokilavna yari umugore wo mu rugo.
Nkumwana, Fesike ya FEBI yabonye igihira cyiza, tubikesheje yoherereje korari yitorero, aho yakiriye ubumenyi bwubumenyi bwumuziki. Usibye kuririmba mu rusengero, Se yahaye umuhungu imyitozo yo gutoza inkweto.
Nyuma yo kurangiza amasomo menshi yuburezi hamwe nicyubahiro, umusore yagiye gukora nkumwanditsi wungirije. Iyi myaka rero FromaDor Shalsopapin azibuka nk'irizwa ry'ubuzima bwe, kuko yambuwe ikintu nyamukuru mubuzima bwe - kuririmba, kuva icyo gihe ijwi rye ryahangayitse. Byaba ari ku mwuga uzungurutse archivist ukiri muto, iyo umunsi umwe ataje kwerekana inzu ya Kazan Opera. Amarozi yubuhanzi Iteka yafashe umutima wumusore, kandi ahitamo guhindura ibikorwa.
Ku myaka 16, Fromari Shalyapin hamwe na Bass yamaze gutega amatwi inzu ya opera, ariko hamwe no gucika intege birananirana. Nyuma yibyo, yongeraho itsinda rikomeye rya V. B. Serebryakov, aho yajyanywe ku mwanya w'imibare.
Buhoro buhoro, amashyaka yijwi yashinjwaga umusore. Nyuma yumwaka, Fromari Shalyyapapin yujuje bateri ya Zaretsky wo muri Opera "Eugene Owerin". Ariko muri ba rwiyemezamirimo bakina, ntabwo yatinze igihe kinini na nyuma yaho nyuma y'amezi abiri, chorister itondekwa mu muziki Troupe S. Ya. Segonova-Sanonova-Samara, uva i UFA.
Biracyakomeza Shalyapalin bikomeje kuba umuhanga mwigishijwe, nyuma yo kunanirwa ibintu byinshi bihuye byananiranye. Umuririmbyi ukiri muto yatamagawe kuri theatre izerera muri malorus iyobowe na G. I. Derkach, uwo akora ingendo za mbere za mbere zizengurutse igihugu. Ingendo ziyoboye shalyapin amaherezo muri Tiflis (ubungubu - tbilisi).
Mu murwa mukuru wa Jeworujiya, umuririmbyi w'igihanganye avuga mwarimu ku majwi yijwi ya Usatov, mu bihe byashize tenor uzwi cyane muri Bolshoi Theatre ya Bolshoi. Afata itangwa ryuzuye ryumusore ukennye kandi amukora. Mugereranije n'amasomo, Chaliapin ikorana numubare wumunsi wizuba munzu ya opera yaho.
Umuziki
Mu 1894, FYIODOR Shalyapin yinjira muri serivisi kuri Theatre ya Sinale ya St. Petersburg, ariko igatiya, iganje hano, itangira kuyigerageza vuba. Kubera impanuka nziza kuri kimwe mubikorwa, abona umugiraneza Savva Mamontov kandi ashukikiza umuririmbyi muri theatre. Gutunga bike ku mpano, umuvuduko utamenya umuhanzi ukiri muto wibikoresho bidasanzwe. Atanga Fromari Ivanovich umudendezo wuzuye mu ikipe ye.
Mu gihe cyakazi muri Mammont Chaielspin, yahishuye ubushobozi bwe n'ubuhanzi. Yambara amashyaka azwi cyane ya bass of operasi y'Uburusiya, nka PSSKOVYSIYA, Sdko, "Mozart na Salieri", "ubuzima bw'umwami", "Mermaid" "na" HovhanShchina ". Imikorere ye y'uruhare rwa Mephisto muri Fausta Charles Guto iracyakomeza. Nyuma yaho, yahise asubiramo ishusho nk'iyi muri Aria "Mephistofel" muri "La Scala" ikinamico kuruta gutsinda ku isi.
Kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, Shayasapin yongeye kugaragara kuri crame ya mariins, ariko basanzwe ari umuririmbyi. Afite ikinamico ya metropolitan, azenguruka Uburayi, agwa kuri metropolitan-operation ya Opara i New York, kutavuga urugendo rusanzwe rugenda kuri Moscou, muri theatre nini. Uzengurutswe na Bass uzwi cyane, urashobora kubona ibara ryose ryintonga zo guhanga igihe: I. Kubrin, K. Rrubevino, S. Rachmaninov, Abaririmbyi b'Abataliyani T. Ruffo na E. Caruso. Amafoto yazigamye aho yafashwe kuruhande rwinshuti ye magara Maxim Gorky.
Mu 1905, Fromari Shalyapin yubashye hamwe n'imikorere ya solo, uwo aririmbye urukundo n'indirimbo za Mutagatifu za Dubinishka, "ku ndirimbo za St.. Uburyo bwose muri aya Muririmbyi wumuriri wibitaratambwe kubyo abakozi bakeneye. Ibitaramo nkibi bya Maestro byahindutse ibirori bya politiki byanditswe kuruta nyuma ya Fyodor Ivanovich yari yahindutse icyubahiro kuva imbaraga zububiko. Byongeye kandi, ubucuti numwanditsi wambere wa Proletarian Proletarian Maxim Gorky yabonye umuryango wa Shalyapin wo kurimbuka mugihe cy'iterabwoba ry'Abasoviyeti.
Nyuma ya Revolution, leta nshya ishyiraho FYIDOR IVanovich umutware w'ikinamico ya Mariinsky kandi ahemba izina ry'umuhanzi w'abantu wa RSFR. Ariko mu mico nshya, umuririmbyi yakoraga igihe kirekire, kubera ko yimukiye n'umuryango we mu muryango we nk'umupaka n'ingaruka za mbere mu mahanga ya 1922. Ntibikigaragara kuri Soviet Sciet. Nyuma yimyaka, leta ya Sovieti yambuwe shalyapin umutwe wumuhanzi wabantu wa RSFR.
Ubuzima bwo guhanga bwa Fyodor Shalyapin ntabwo ari umwuga we w'ijwi gusa. Usibye kuririmba, umuhanzi ufite impano yakundaga gushushanya no gushushanya. Yakinnye kandi muri sinema. Yabonye uruhare rwa Ivan biteye ubwoba mu izina rimwe rya Alexander Ivanov-Gaya bo mu ndenda y'izina ry'umuyobozi w'Ubudage wa George Wilhelm Pabsta ", aho Chaixote", aho Chaixote yashohoje Uruhare rwabakinnyi bazwi cyane.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Hamwe n'umugore wa mbere, Shayapapine yahuye n'ubusore, ubwo yakoraga muri theatre ya Mamontov. Umukobwa yitwaga Iola Tornagi, yari ballerina yo mu Butaliyani. Nubwo imiterere no gutsinda mu bagore, umuririmbyi ukiri muto yahisemo guhuza ubukwe nk'umugore uhanitse.
Mu myaka y'ubuyapani, Iola yibarutse FYIDOR Shalyapin abana batandatu. Ariko n'umuryango nk'uwo ntiyubahirije Fyer Ivanovich mu mpinduka shingiro mu buzima.
Kuba muri serivisi muri theatre y'impyiko, byabaye ngombwa ko babaho muri St. Petersburg, aho yatangije umuryango wa kabiri. Ubwa mbere, hamwe n'umugore we wa kabiri, Maria Petzold Forsor Ivanovich yahuye rwihishwa, ubwo na we yarubatse. Ariko nyuma yaho, batangira kubana, maze Maria amubyarira abandi bana batatu.
Ubuzima bubiri bwumuhanzi bwakomeje kugeza igihe avuye i Burayi. Muri urwo ruzinduko, umukanizi wishingiraho yavuye mu muryango wa kabiri, kandi mu mezi abiri, abana batanu baza i Paris i Paris muri Paris baturutse mu ishyingiranwa rya mbere.
Kuva mu muryango ukomeye wa Fyuma muri USSR, umugore we wa mbere Iola Ignatievna n'umukobwa w'infura Inaina. Aba bagore babaye abarinzi bongeye kwibuka kuringaniza opera mugihugu cyabo. Mu 1960, abasaza n'abarwayi Iola Tornagi bimukiye i Roma, ariko mbere yo kugenda, ahindukirira umunyamabanga wa FYIDOR Ivanovich Shalyapard bo muri Noulevard.
Urupfu
Urugendo rwa nyuma mu bihugu byo mu burasirazuba bwa kure, Shayapin yagiye hagati ya 30. Itanga ibitaramo birenga 50 wenyine mu mijyi y'Ubushinwa n'Ubuyapani. Nyuma yibyo, gusubira i Paris, umuhanzi yumvaga atari mwiza.
Mu 1937, abaganga bamusuzuguye yari afite indwara idahwitse yamaraso: umwaka w'ubuzima ukomeza kuba cealiapIn.
Bass Nkuru yapfiriye mu nzu ya Paris mu ntangiriro za Mata 1938. Mu gihe kirekire, umukungugu we washyinguwe mu gihugu cy'Ubufaransa, kandi mu 1984 gusa, bisabwe na sitalipapiya ya SALA, ibisigazwa bye byimuriwe mu mva ku irimbi rya Novoddody Moskdovichy.
Nibyo, abahanga mumateka benshi basuzuma urupfu rwa Fyodor Shalyapin ahubwo bidasanzwe. Kandi umuganga mu ijwi rimwe, avuga ko leukemia ifite bodium nk'ikigongo n'igihe nk'iki ari gake cyane. Hariho kandi ibimenyetso byerekana ko nyuma y'urugendo rwo mu burasirazuba bwa kure, umuririmbyi wa Opera i Paris wagarutse mu bihugu bibabaza ndetse no mu rwego rudasanzwe "ku ruhanga - ibara ry'ibara rya Greeni. Abaganga batongana ko ibipimo nkibi bivuka muburozi hamwe na radioactive isotope cyangwa fenol. Ikibazo niki cyabaye kuri Chaliappin murugendo, kandi umuhanga mumateka yaho yari ashyizwe muri Kazan Rovell Kashapov.
Umugabo yemera ko Skalyalaply "yakuweho" imbaraga z'Abasoviyeti nk'intambwe. Igihe kimwe, yanze gutaha, hiyongereyeho byose, abinyujije muri byose, abinyujije mu muherezabitambo wa orotodogisi batanze ubufasha bwibikoresho abimukira mu Burusiya. Muri Moscou, icyemezo cye cyiswe Compteple-Impinduramatwara, igamije gushyigikira abimukira. Nyuma yo gushinga gushya, nta jambo ririgeze riboneka.
Bidatinze, umuririmbyi yifatanije n'imbaraga z'amakimbirane. Igitabo cye "amateka y'ubuzima bwanjye" cyacapishijwe n'ababwiriza b'amahanga, maze bahabwa uruhushya rw'itangazamakuru mu mikorere y'Abasoviyeti "Igitabo mpuzamahanga". Shalyapina ntagereranywa cyane ku burenganzira, kandi aha urukiko rwategetse ko USSR yimushyura indishyi z'amafaranga. Birumvikana ko i Moscou, ibi byafatwaga nk'ibikorwa by'umuririmbyi kuri Leta y'Abasoviyeti.
Kandi mu 1932 yanditse igitabo "mask n'ubugingo" kandi burabitanga i Paris. Muri yo, Fromari Ivanovich mu buryo bukomeye bwavugaga ku byerekeye ingengabitekerezo ya Bolshevism, ku bijyanye n'imbaraga z'Abasoviyeti na cyane cyane kuri Stalin ya Yozefu Vissariovich.
Mu myaka ya nyuma y'ubuzima bwe, Shayapin yerekanye ubwitonzi bw'abanyagushishozi n'abateye inkeke mu nzu ye ntiyaretse. Ariko mu 1935, umuririmbyi yahawe icyifuzo mu gutunganya ingendo mu Buyapani no mu Bushinwa. Kandi mu ruzinduko mu Bushinwa, mu buryo butunguranye, mu buryo butunguranye, mu buryo butunguranye, mu buryo butunguranye kwa Fyer Ivanovich, ahabwa gutanga igitaramo i Harbin, nubwo mu ntangiriro imikorere itateganijwe aho. Kashapov Kashapov Kashapov yizeye ko mu karere ka Shaelzov arizeye ko hari umuganga wa Wielzon, waherekeje Shalyapin muri iki cyiciro, ahabwa silinderi ya aeroliya ifite ibintu byorozi.
Gedor Ivanovich's Nyirujyana, Georges de Godzinsky, avuga ko mbere y'ijambo, Witzon yagenzuye umuhogo w'umuririmbyi kandi, nubwo yahuye neza, "yaminyanye na Memari." Herzinsky yabwiye ko uru rundi ruzinduko rukomoka ku mateka y'ubuzima bukabije bwa Shalyapin.
Muri Gashyantare 2018, imyaka 145 kuva umuririmbyi ukomeye wu Burusiya. Mu nzu ndangamurage ya Shalyapin kuri Novosinsky Boulevard i Moscowi, aho Fyodor Ivanovich yabanaga n'umuryango we kuva mu 1910, abatishoboye bakwirakwije isabukuru ye.
Aria.
- Ubuzima ku Mwami (Ivan Susanin): Aria Susanina "Ukuri kwabantu"
- Ruslan na Ludmila: Rondo Farlaf "Oh, umunezero! Nari nzi "
- Mermaid: Aria Melnik "Yoo, none mwese, abakobwa ni bato"
- Umuganwa Igor: Aria Igor "Ntusinzire, nta buruhukiro"
- Umuganwa Igor: Aria Konchaka "Ubuzima Lee, igikomangoma"
- Sadko: Indirimbo y'Umushyitsi wa Varangi "ku bitaye cyane yajanjaguwe no gutontoma kw'imipfunda"
- FAOUST: Aria ya Mefistophele "Jya mu mwijima"