Ubuzima
Vincent van Gogh numuhanzi wubuholandi, umwe mubahagarariye abanyaposita. Yakoranye byinshi kandi afite umusaruro: imyaka icumi afite imyaka mike, yateje imirimo itari mike nta mukino uzwi. Yanditse amashusho no kwishushanya, ahantu nyaburanga kandi aracyariho, cypresses, imirima yingano nizuba.
Umuhanzi yavutse hafi yumupaka wamajyepfo yubuholandi mu mudugudu wa Grotz-Süntert. Ibi byabaye mu muryango wa Pasiteri Theodora Van Gogh n'umugore we Anna Korneya Carbentus byabaye ku ya 30 Werurwe 1853. Muri rusange, hari abana batandatu mu muryango wa Van Gogov. Umuvandimwe Mukuru Theo hose Mubuzima bwe yafashaga cyane, yagize uruhare rugaragara mu bihe bigoye.
Mu muryango, Vincent yari umwana utoroshye, mubi ufite ibintu bidasanzwe, nuko ahanwa. Hanze y'inzu, mu buryo bunyuranye, bwasaga neza, bikomeye kandi butuje. Ntabwo yari afite abana. Bagenzi bacu bagana mu baturage bamubonaga ko ari umwana wiyoroshya, mwiza, wuje urugwiro n'impuhwe. Afite imyaka 7, yahawe ishuri ry'umudugudu, nyuma y'umwaka, bavanayo kandi bakigisha mu rugo, mu mbaraga zo mu 1864 abahungu bazajyanwa mu ishuri ryitambagiza i Zewebemben.
Guhaguruka bikomeretsa ubugingo bwumuhungu kandi bimutera imibabaro myinshi. Mu 1866, yimurirwa mu yandi mashuri yinjira. Vincent ni indimi zihabwa indimi, hano irabona ubuhanga bwa mbere bwo gushushanya. Mu 1868 mu myaka y'ishuri, atera ishuri akava mu rugo. Amashuri ye azarangira muri ibi. Yibuka umwana we nk'ikintu gikonje n'urwijima.
Ubusanzwe, igisekuru cya Van Gogov cyashyize mu bikorwa mu bice bibiri by'ibikorwa: gucuruza mu gushushanya no gukora itorero. Vincent azagerageza kandi nkumubwiriza, kandi nkumucuruzi, atanga akazi wenyine. Amaze kugera ku ntsinzi, yanze undi, yeza ubuzima bwe ndetse no gushushanya kwe.
Carier Tangira
Mu 1868, umusore w'imyaka cumi n'itanu yinjiye mu ishami rya Sosiyete y'ubuhanzi "Gupil na Co." i La Haye. Kubikorwa byiza nubufatanye, yoherejwe ku ishami rya Londres. Mu myaka ibiri, Vincent yagumye i Londres, aba umucuruzi nyawe hamwe n'umuhanga mu mashuri makuru, asubiramo dickens na Eliota, globa, gloss iragaragaramo. Van Gogh ategereje ibyiringiro bya Komiseri mwiza w'ishami rikuru rya "Pipily" i Paris, aho yari akwiye kwimuka.
Mu 1875 hari ibintu byahinduye ubuzima bwe. Mu ibaruwa yandikiye Theo, ahamagara ubuzima bwe "irungu ribabaza." Abashakashatsi b'abahanzi batangajwe bavuga ko icyateye leta nk'iyi yanze urukundo. Ninde wabaye ikintu cyuru rukundo, ntabwo kizwi. Birashoboka ko iyi verisiyo ari amakosa. Kwimurira muri Paris ntabwo byafashije guhindura ibintu. Yakonje "Genda umunyeshuri" ararasa.
IGIKORWA CY'AMATEGEKO N'IGIKORWA CY'UBUSHAYANGO
Kwishakira ubwabo, Vincent yemerewe mubyerekeranye n'amashyamba. Mu 1877, yimukiye kwa nyirarume Johannes muri Amsterdam kandi arimo kwitegura kwinjira mu ishami rya tewolojiya. Kw'ishure, yaracitse intege, atera amasomo aragenda. Icyifuzo cyo gukorera abantu kimutera ishuri ry'abamisiyonari. Mu 1879, yakira umwanya w'umubwiriza muri Vame mu majyepfo y'Ububiligi.
Yigisha amategeko y'Imana mu kigo cy'ubucukuzi bwariye, gifasha imiryango y'abacukuzi, asura abarwayi, yigisha abarwayi, asoma ubutumwa, kugira ngo binjiremo amakarita ya Palesitine. We ubwe aba mu gicucu kimubabaje, agaburira amazi n'umugati, uryamye hasi, yipimisha ku mubiri. Byongeye kandi, afasha abakozi kurengera uburenganzira bwayo.
Abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze baramuvana ku mirimo, kuko batemera ibikorwa by'urugomo ndetse no gukabya. Muri kiriya gihe, akuramo abacukuzi benshi, abagore babo n'abana.
Gushiraho umuhanzi
Kugirango ukureho kwiheba bijyanye nibyabaye muri Pateurge, Van Gogh arasaba gushushanya. Umuvandimwe Theo Theo amutera inkunga, kandi asura ishuri ry'ubuhanzi bwiza. Ariko mumwaka afata kwiga no kuzenguruka ababyeyi, gukomeza gukora bonyine.
Nanone gukundana. Iki gihe muri mubyara wanjye. Amarangamutima ye ntabona igisubizo, ariko akomeza kubanyaga uburere kuruta gutera bene wabo bamusabye kugenda. Kubera gutungurwa gushya, yabyaye ubuzima bwe, asiga i La Haye kwishora mu gishushanyo. Hano akura amasomo ya Anton Mauwe, akora cyane, kureba ubuzima bw'imijyi, cyane cyane mu baturanyi bake. Yiga inzira ya "Ishusho" ya Charles Bar, kopi ya kopi. Kuvanga kuvanga tekinike zitandukanye kuri canvas, ushake igicucu gishimishije mu mirimo.
Twongeye kugerageza gukora umuryango ufite umugore utwite hamwe nuwo mu muhanda. Umugore hamwe nabana baramuhamurira kandi abaye icyitegererezo kubahanzi. Kubera aya makimbirane hamwe na bene wabo ninshuti. Vincent ubwe yumva yishimye, ariko ntabwo ari igihe kirekire. Imico iremereye yabana yahinduye ubuzima bwinzozi, baratandukana.
Umuhanzi yagiye mu ntara ya Drenthe mu Burambe, atuye mu kazu, yahaye munsi y'amahugurwa, andika ahantu h'imiterere, andika ahantu, abahinzi, ibintu byabo. Ibikorwa hakiri kare van Gogh, hamwe no kubika, ariko birashobora kwitwa ibintu bifatika. Kubura amasomo byagize ingaruka ku gishushanyo cyayo, bidahwitse mu ishusho yimibare yabantu.
Yimukiye mu babyeyi be i Nyuen, akurura byinshi. Muri iki gihe ibishushanyo mbonera hamwe na chatvase. Icyarimwe no guhanga, gushushanya nabanyeshuri, soma byinshi kandi bifata amasomo yumuziki. Amasomo yimirimo yigihe cyUbuholandi ni abantu boroheje kandi amashusho yanditswe muburyo bwerekana hamwe na palette yijimye, igice cyijimye. Igihangano cyiki gihe gikubiyemo gushushanya "Etero yibirayi" (1885), zerekana ibyabaye mubuzima bwamasasu.
Igihe cya Paris
Nyuma yuko Vincent Vincent yahisemo kubaho no kurema i Paris, aho yimukiye mu mpera za 1886. Hano habonetse hamwe na murumuna wa Teo, wakoreraga imbere yumuyobozi wubuhanzi. Ubuzima bwubuhanzi bwumurwa mukuru wumufaransa wiki gihe bukubita urufunguzo.
Imurikagurisha ryamasezerano kumuhanda wa LaFit rihinduka ikintu gikomeye. Ku nshuro ya mbere, Xinyoak na Sulfuru bagaragarijwe aho, berekeje kugenda kwa posita, byaranze icyiciro cya nyuma cy'imyumvire. Impompresm ni impinduramatwara mubuhanzi yahinduye uburyo bwo gushushanya, bukaba bwatanze tekinike nubuhanga. Igitekerezo cya mbere gishyirwa mumutwe winguni, amabara meza, ibyifuzo byatanzwe kugirango ushushanye kuri Pleinier.
I Paris, Van Gogh ajyana umuvandimwe Theo, akanabishyira mu nzu ye, atangiza abahanzi. Mu mahugurwa y'umuhanzi-gakondo Fernan Kormon, ahura na Toormouse-loulrek, Emil Bernar na Louis Anniente. Icyifuzo gikomeye kuri cyo ni ugushushanya impression hamwe na nyuma-ibitekerezo. I Paris, yari yarabaswe na absinthe ndetse anandika ubuzima bukiriho kuri iyi ngingo.
Igihe cya Paris (1886-1888) cyari cyeruye cyane, icyegeranyo cyakazi cyacyo cyujujwe na canvase 230. Wari igihe cyo gushakisha ikoranabuhanga, twiga inzira nyaba irangi rigezweho. Afite isura nshya mugushushanya. Uburyo bufatika busimburwa nuburyo bushya, bufite akamaro kumperime no gutondekanya, bigaragarira muburyo buracyariho nindabyo nibintu nyaburanga.
Umuvandimwe yamumenyesha abahagarariye bakomeye muri kariya gace: Camille Pissaro, Claude Mores, Pierre-Auguste Renoir n'abandi. Hamwe n'inshuti zabo, abahanzi bakunze kujya ku byishimo. Palette ye izagenda imurika buhoro buhoro, iba nziza, kandi igihe cyashize gihinduka imvururu, biranga umurimo we imyaka yashize.
I Paris, Van Gogh avugana cyane, gusura ahantu hamwe barumuna be bajya. Muri Tambourin, ndetse anagirana agace gato hamwe na hostess ye ya adstyyle yahuje, rimwe na rimwe ryashyirwaho de de de dehas. Hamwe na we, yandika igishushanyo kumeza muri cafe n'imirimo myinshi muburyo bwa nu. Ahandi hantu hateranira harimo intebe ya papa tangi, aho amarangi n'ibindi bikoresho kubahanzi bigurishwa. Hano, kimwe nibindi byinshi bisa, abahanzi bagaragaje akazi kabo.
Itsinda ryamabuye mato, ririmo Van Gogh na bagenzi be batageze hejuru, nkuko ba shebuja bolevari nini bazwi kandi baramenyekana. Umwuka wo guhangana no gutera impagarara byategetse muri Paris Sosiyete ya Paris y'icyo gihe, kuko umuhanzi udashaka kandi udasubikana udacogora. Yaje mu makimbirane, gutongana kandi afata icyemezo cyo kuva mu murwa mukuru.
Amatwi
Muri Gashyantare 1888, yagiye ku ya Provence kandi abohesha ubugingo bwe bwose. Theo yateraniye umuvandimwe, kumwoherereza amafaranga 250 buri kwezi. Mu gushimira, Vincent yohereza umuvandimwe we. Kuraho ibyumba bine muri hoteri, igaburira muri cafe, ba nyirayo bahinduka inshuti n'ibyiza byo gushushanya.
Hamwe no kuhagera k'umuhanzi w'impeshyi yashimiwe n'izuba ryo mu majyepfo, ibiti bimera. Yishimiye amabara meza no mu kirere. Ibitekerezo byerekana buhoro buhoro bigenda buhoro buhoro, ariko bikomeza kuba abizerwa kumucyo palette no gushushanya kuri PlenIer. Imirimo yiganje umuhondo, inguriho urumuri rwihariye ruturuka muburiri.
Gukora nijoro kuri Prenier, bikosora buji ku ngofero na Sketchik, gucana aho byayo muri ubu buryo. Nuburyo amashusho ye "yijoro yinyenyeri hejuru ya Rona" na "Cafe nijoro" yanditswe. Ikintu cyingenzi gihinduka ukuza k'umurima wa Gajen, Vincent watumiwe inshuro nyinshi. Amacumbi ashishikaye kandi afite imbuto arangirana no gutongana no guturika. Izere, Pedantic Gaugen yatubahiriraga rwose kuri vaghdage idahagije kandi ituje.
Epilogue yiyi nkuru ihinduka ibisobanuro byihuse mumibanire mbere ya Noheri nziza 1888, igihe Vincent yamutemye ugutwi. Gogen, afite ubwoba ko igitero cyakusanyiriza, kibura muri hoteri. Vincent yapfunyitse ugutwi k'amatwi mu mpapuro maze yoherereje kumenyera abantu benshi - umuheya Rasheli. Mu shusho y'amaraso, yavumbuye mugenzi we. Igikomere kizakiza vuba, ariko ubuzima bwumwuka bwongeye kugisubiza ku buriri bwibitaro.
Urupfu
Abatuye Arista batangiye gutinya umuturage mu kudakunda. Mu 1889, bandika icyifuzo hamwe n'ibisabwa kugira ngo babakize muri "Umutuku Umutuku." Vincent azi akaga ko kumera kwe kandi akajya ku bushake mu bitaro bya Mutagatifu Paul Maulzoliya muri Saint-Rent. Mugihe cyo kuvura, yemerewe kwandika kumuhanda ugenzurwa nabashinzwe ubuvuzi. Byakoraga rero imirongo iranga imirongo iranga kandi igoreka ("inyenyeri yinyenyeri", "umuhanda hamwe n'ibiti bya sipure n'inyenyeri", nibindi).
Muri Saint-Remy, ibihe byibikorwa byubugizi bwa nabi bisimburwa no guhagarika igihe kirekire biterwa no kwiheba. Mugihe kimwe mubibazo, amira amarangi. Nubwo yahise yikangurwa n'indwara, umuvandimwe Theo agira uruhare mu kwitabira Salon Nzeri yigenga i Paris. Muri Mutarama 1890, Vincent yerekana ngo "imizabibu itukura iri muri arle" ikayigurisha kumafaranga magana ane, ni amafaranga meza cyane. Nibwo shusho yonyine yagurishijwe mugihe cyubuzima.
Ibyishimo bye ntagereranywa. Umuhanzi ntabwo yahagaritse gukora. Intsinzi y "" imizabibu "yahumetswe na murumuna we Theo. Itanga ibisobanuro byanduye, ariko atangira kubarya. Muri Gicurasi 1890, umuvandimwe arasabana n'umuvuzi w'abategarugori-Murugo Pada ijyanye no kuvura Vincent mu ivuriro rye. Muganga ubwe akunda gushushanya, niko byishimiye ko byemewe kuvura umuhanzi. Vincent nayo iherereye kuri Gasha, abona umuntu mwiza kandi ufite ibyiringiro muri yo.
Ukwezi kumwe, Van Gogh yemerewe kujya i Paris. Umuvandimwe aruhura ntabwo akunda cyane. Afite ibibazo hamwe nimari, umukobwa ararwaye cyane. Vincent, abakira nk'ukwo bakomoka kuri equilibribrium, asobanukiwe ko bishoboka, kandi yamye ari umuvandimwe kubera umutwaro. Yatunguwe, asubira ku ivuriro.
Ku ya 27 Nyakanga, nkuko bisanzwe, bihinduka gushimisha, ariko ntibisubize hamwe n'amato, ariko n'amasasu mu gituza. Isasu ryarekuwe ku mambu ryinjiye mu rubavu ruva mu mutima. Umuhanzi ubwe yasubiye mu buhungiro araryama mu buriri. Aryamye mu buriri, aceceka aceceka kuri terefone. Byasaga naho bivuze ko igikomere kitamubabaje.
Hach yateje teo kuri telegaramu. Yahise agera, atangira kwizeza umuvandimwe ko azamufasha ko atari ngombwa kwiheba. Mu gusubiza, interuro yumviye: "Agahinda kazahoraho." Umuhanzi yapfuye ku ya 29 Nyakanga 1890 mu gice cya kabiri. Yashyinguwe mu mujyi wa Mariya ku ya 30 Nyakanga.
Benshi mu nshuti ze - abahanzi bahageze bafite umuhanzi. Urukuta rw'icyumba rwamanitswe ku mashusho ye ya nyuma. Dr. hache yashakaga kuvuga disikuru, ariko ndataka cyane kuburyo nashoboye kuvuga amagambo make, ishingiro ryayo ryamanutse kubera ko Vincent yari umuhanzi ukomeye n'umuntu w'inyangamugayo, ko ibihangano byari hejuru Byose kuri we bizamwishura, bikomeza izina rye.
Umuvandimwe wumuhanzi Teo Van Gogh ntabwo yari nyuma y'amezi atandatu. Ntiyababariye umutonganya na murumuna we. Kwiheba kwe, yasangiye na nyina aba atihanganirwa, kandi ararwara n'indwara ifite ubwoba. Nibyo yanditse mu ibaruwa nyina nyuma y'urupfu rwa murumuna we:
"Ntibishoboka gusobanura akababaro kanjye, kuko bidashoboka kubona ihumurwa. Iyi nintimba izaramba kandi aho njye, ntizigera zikuraho ndi muzima. Gusa ikintu gishobora kuvugwa nuko we ubwe yasanze amahoro yashakagamo ... Ubuzima bwari umutwaro uremereye, ariko ubu, kuko akenshi bibaho, abantu bose basingiza impano ye ... Oh, Mama! Yari uwanjye, murumuna wanjye. "
Kandi iyi niyo nyuguti yanyuma ya Vincent, yanditswe na we nyuma yo gutongana:
Ati: "Njye mbona bisa naho kubera ko buriwese akunze kandi usibye guhugira cyane, ntabwo ari ngombwa kumenya neza umubano wose. Natunguwe gato nuko nawe niba ushaka kwihutisha ibyabaye. Nigute nshobora gufasha, ahubwo, niki nakora kugirango nkubone? Ibyo ari byo byose, mu bwenge, ndakandaga cyane amaboko kandi, nubwo byose, nishimiye kukubona mwese. Ntushishikarize. "Mu 1914, ibisigazwa bya Theo umupfakazi we byanze iruhande rw'imva ya Vincent.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Imwe mu mpamvu ziterwa n'uburwayi bwo mu mutwe za Van Gogh zishobora kuba ubuzima bwe bwananiwe, ntabwo yigeze yisanga mugenzi we w'ubuzima. Igitero cya mbere cyo kwiheba byabaye nyuma yo kunanirwa kwa kwurugo rwumukobwa we wa Ursulwer, aho yakundaga rwihishwa kuva kera. Icyifuzo cyumvikanye mu buryo butunguranye, gitanga gitangaza umukobwa, maze arabyanga ntayo.
Iyi nkuru yasubiwemo na Umupfakazi Kuzina Ki Stricker, ariko iki gihe Vincent yahisemo kudacogora. Umugore ntabwo yitaho. Mu ruzinduko rwa gatatu kuri bene wabo b'abakundwa, yishimira ukuboko muri buji ya flame, asezeranya kuwukomeza kugira ngo abemererwe kuba umugore we. Hamwe n'iki gikorwa, amaherezo yemeje se w'umukobwa avuga ko akorana n'umuntu utameze neza mu mutwe. Imihango myinshi ntabwo yatangiriye kuri we kandi abavuga gusa baturutse murugo.
Igitsina ntinyunyurwa cyagaragaye mu mirimo ye. Vincent itangira kumera nk'indaya, cyane cyane ntabwo ari muto cyane kandi atari nziza cyane, ashobora kubyutsa. Bidatinze, ahamahitamo indaya itwite, imushinja hamwe n'umukobwa w'imyaka 5. Nyuma yo kuvuka k'Umwana, Vincent abihambiriye abana kandi atekereza kurongora.
Umugore yateje umuhanzi abana na we hafi umwaka. Kubera ibye, yagombaga kuvurwa muri Gonorrhea. Umubano wangiritse amaherezo mugihe umuhanzi yabonye uburyo urwenya, rwubugome, rusakuza. Nyuma yo gutandukana n'umudamu yishora mu masomo yahoze, na Van Gogh yavuye i La Haye.
Mu myaka yashize, Vincent yakurikiranye umukecuru w'imyaka 41 witwaga hymann. Yari umuhanga mu muhanzi muri Nuenen kandi yashakaga kurongora. Van Gogh, ahubwo arwaye impuhwe, yemera ko azamurongora. Ababyeyi ntibatanze uruhushya kuri ubu bukwe. Margo hafi ntabwo yakoze ubuzima, ariko van Gogh yaramukijije. Mu gihe cyakurikiyeho, afite isano nyinshi zidasanzwe, yasuye amazu rusange kandi avurwa kubera indwara zuzuye rimwe na rimwe.