Ubuzima
Ibikorwa byiza bya Vladimir Mayakovsky bitera imbaraga nyazo zabantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni. Akwiriye kwerekeza ku mubare w'abasizi bakomeye b'ibitabo by'ikinyejana cya 20. Byongeye kandi, Mayakovsky yerekanye umukinnyi udasanzwe, Satyrik, Umuyobozi wa firime, umwanditsi w'inyenzi, umuhanzi, kimwe n'umwanditsi w'ibinyamakuru byinshi. Ubuzima bwe, guhanga mubantu benshi, kimwe nurukundo rwuzuye nubunararibonye bwimibanire bwite kandi uyumunsi ntibyasigaye bitarenze ibanga rikomeye.
Umusizi ufite impano yavukiye mu mudugudu muto wa Jeworujiya ya Bagdati (Ingoma y'Uburusiya). Nyina Alexandre Alekseevna yari ay'umuryango wa Cossack wo muri Kuban, na Padiri Vladimir konsantinovich bakoranye n'amashyamba yoroheje. Vladimir yari afite abavandimwe babiri - Koskiya na Sasha, bapfuye basubira mu bwana, ndetse na bashiki bacu babiri - Olya na Luda.
Mayakovsky yari azi neza ururimi rwa Jeworujiya kandi kuva 1902 yize kuri siporo ya Kutaisi. Yamaze ku busore bwe, yafashwe n'ibitekerezo by'impinduramatwara, kandi, ubwo yigaga muri siporo, yitabiriye imyigaragambyo y'impinduramatwara.
Mu 1906, se yapfuye giturumbuka. Impamvu y'urupfu kwari kwanduza amaraso, byabayeho biturutse ku gikumwe kintoki hamwe nurushinge usanzwe. Ibi birori byatunguwe na Mayakovsky ko ejo hazaza yari yirinze rwose umusatsi n'amapimbo, atinya iherezo rya se.
Mu myaka 1906, Alexandre alekseevna yimukiye i Moscou hamwe nabana. Vladimir yakomeje amahugurwa ye muri gymnasium ya gatanu ya kera cyane, aho yasuye amasomo hamwe na murumuna wumusizi B. Paspark - Alexandre. Ariko, hamwe nurupfu rwa Data, uko ubukungu bwifashe mumuryango bwifashe nabi cyane. Kubera iyo mpamvu, mu 1908, Vladimir ntiyashoboraga kwishyura amahugurwa ye, akayirukana mu cyiciro cya gatanu cya siporo.
Kurema
Muri Moscou, umusore ukiri muto yatangiye kuvugana nabanyeshuri bakunda ibitekerezo bya impinduramatwara. Mu 1908, Mayakovsky yahisemo kuba umunyamuryango wa RSDLP kandi akenshi yateje imbere mu baturage. Mu myaka ya za 1908-1909, muri Vladimir yatawe muri yombi inshuro eshatu, ariko kubera bake kandi kubera kubura ibimenyetso byahatiwe kuvanga.
Mu iperereza, Mayakovsky ntiyashoboraga kuba mukuta enye. Binyuze mu bato b'amazuko, akenshi byahindurwa ahantu hatandukanye. Kubera iyo mpamvu, yari muri gereza ya Butyrsa, aho yafashe amezi cumi n'umwe atangira kwandika ibisigo.
Mu 1910, umusizi ukiri muto wasohotse mu mwanzuro uhita ava mu kirori. Umwaka ukurikira, umuhanzi Yevgeny Lang, aho Vladimir yari mu mibanire y'inyigisho, yasabye ko yarimo ashushanya. Mu mahugurwa mu ishuri ryamashusho, igishusho n'ubunyabibu, yahuye n'abashinze itsinda ry'uko furististe "Gileya" maze yinjira muri Cubefturtiste.
Igikorwa cya mbere cya Mayakovsky, cyacapwe, cyari igisigo "nijoro" (1912). Muri icyo gihe, umusizi ukiri muto wa mbere yakorewe ku mugaragaro mu buhanzi mu buhanzi, bwiswe "imbwa yazimiye."
Vladimir, hamwe n'abagize itsinda rya CubeFuturist, bagize uruhare mu ruzinduko mu Burusiya, aho yishingikirije kandi ibisigo bye. Bidatinze, hagaragaye isubiramo ryiza kuri Mayakovsky, ariko akenshi yasuzumwe nta furug. M. GRKY yizeraga ko muri quaturistes mayakovsky aribwo umusizi wonyine.
Icyegeranyo cya mbere cyumusizi ukiri muto "I" cyasohotse mu 1913 kandi cyari gigizwe n'ibisigo bine gusa. Uyu mwaka nanone inkuru yo kwandika igisigo cya Bunlet "Nate!", Aho umwanditsi abuza umuryango wa Bourgeois yose. Umwaka utaha, Vladimir yateje igisigo gikora ku mutima "umva", yibasiye abasomyi n'ububabare bwawe no kwiyumvisha.
Yakwegereye umusizi mwiza cyane. 1914 yaranzwe no kurema amahano "Vladimir Mayakovsky", yashyikirijwe rubanda ku cyiciro cya Stage Theatre Theatre ya St. Petersburg ". Muri icyo gihe, Vladimir yavuze umuyobozi we, ndetse n'uruhare runini. Impamvu nyamukuru yakazi ni kwigomeka kubintu byahujije ibyago numurimo wubupfumu.
Mu 1914, umusizi ukiri muto yahisemo kwinjira mu bushake ingabo, ariko abahagarariye politiki bateye ubwoba. Ntiyakubitinze imbere kandi asubiza kwirengagiza yanditse igisigo ", aho yatanze isuzuma ry'ingabo z'umwami. Byongeye kandi, imirimo myiza ya Mayakovsky - "igicu mu ipantaro" n "" intambara yatangaje ko "yagaragaye vuba.
Umwaka ukurikira, inama y'ikirere ya Mayakovsky Vladimir Vladimirovich na Briquette y'umuryango we. Kuva ubu, ubuzima bwe bwari bumwe muri lili na osip. Kuva mu 1915 kugeza 1917, tubikesheje uburinzi bwa M. GARKY bakoreye mu ishuri rya Automotive. Nubwo ari umusirikare, ntabwo yari afite uburenganzira bwo gucapwa, Osip Bric yaje kumufasha. Yabonye ibisigo bibiri bya Vladimir kandi bidatinze.
Muri icyo gihe, Mayakovsky yarimo yinjiye mu isi ya Siredi kandi mu 1915 yacapiye uruziga rw '"Indirimbo" muri "New Sathirone". Bidatinze, hari aho bigera ku bikorwa by'ingenzi bikora - "byoroshye nk'ikaramiro" (1916) na "revolution. Poohakhronik "(1917).
Impinduramatwara ya oktyabrskaya umusizi ukomeye yahuriye ku cyicaro gikuru cyimyigaragambyo i Smolny. Yahise atangira gufatanya na guverinoma nshya kandi yitabira ibyegeranyo bya mbere by'imico. Twabibutsa ko Mayacovsky yayobowe n'ikipe y'umusirikare wafashe Jenerali P. Ibanga rye riyoboye ishuri rye, nubwo kare mu maboko ye yakiriye umudari "kugira ngo agire umwete".
1917-1918 hazwiho kurekura imirimo myinshi ya Mayakovsky yeguriwe ibyabaye impinduramatwara (urugero, "impinduramatwara ya Ode"). Isabukuru ya mbere ya Revolution yageweho umukino unyuranye.
Yakundaga Mayakovsky na firime. Mu 1919, imodoka eshatu za firime zasohotse ku isi, aho Vladimir yashyizeho umukinnyi, mu gitabo cy'Umuyobozi. Muri icyo gihe, umusigo yatangiye gufatanya no gukura no gukora ku byapa bifatika kandi bya satani. Paralel Mayakovsky yakoze mu kinyamakuru "Ubuhanzi bwa Komini".
Byongeye kandi, mu 1918, umusizi yashyizeho itsinda "gusoza", icyerekezo cyacyo gishobora kuvugwa nk'ubukomunisiti. Ariko mu 1923, Vladimir ategura irindi tsinda - "ibumoso imbere yubuhanzi", kimwe na lof "ihwanye".
Muri iki gihe, hari ibyaremwe by'imirimo myinshi itazibagirana kandi itazibagirana mu musizi w'umuhanga: "Yevastopol - Yalta". "Vladimir ilich Lenin" (1924). Turashimangira ko mugihe usoma igisigo cyanyuma, I. Stalin ubwe yari ahari muri theatre ya Bolshoi. Nyuma yimikorere ya Mayakovsky, ova yakurikijwe, yamaze iminota 20. Muri rusange, hamaze imyaka myinshi y'intambara y'abenegihugu kuri Vladimir igihe cyiza, ibyo yavuze mu musigo "byiza!" (1927).
Nta kintu cyingenzi kandi cyuzuye cyabaye mugihe cya Mayakovsky cyurugendo rwinshi. Mu 1922-1924, yasuye Ubufaransa, Lativiya n'Ubudage, ibyo bitangiye imirimo myinshi. Mu 1925, Vladimir yagiye muri Amerika, asura umujyi wa Mexico, Havana n'umujyi wose wo muri Amerika.
Intangiriro ya 20 yamenyekanye nimpaka zumuyaga hagati ya Vladimir Mayakovsky na Sergey Yesenin. Icyo gihe icyo gihe cyinjiye kubamuzi - abatavuga rumwe na ba quirugrist futurist. Byongeye kandi, Mayakovsky yari imizi ya revolution n'umujyi, na Yesenin mu kazi ke yarenze umudugudu.
Icyakora, Vladimir ntiyashoboraga kumenya impano idahwitse y'uwo bahanganye, nubwo yamunenze kubera ko abavuga no kwizihiza inzoga. Mu buryo bumwe, bari imitima igereranijwe - kurangizwa vuba, barakomeretse, mu gushaka buri gihe no kwiheba. Bahujwe n'insanganyamatsiko yo kwiyahura, yari ahari mu murimo w'abasizi bombi.
Mu myaka ya 1926-1927, Mayakovsky yaremye 9 KINESZENARIANI 9. Byongeye kandi, mu 1927 umusizi yasubukuye ibikorwa byikinyamakuru cya LIF. Umwaka ushize, ava muri iki kinyamakuru n'umuryango ubishinzwe, amaherezo yatengushye muri bo. Mu 1929, Vladimir ashingiye ku itsinda rya Rep, ariko umwaka utaha irasohoka muri we, iba umunyamuryango wa "Rapp".
Mu mpera za 20, Mayakovsky arasaba ikinamico. Arategura udukino duto duto: "Klop" (1928) na "banya" (1929), yagenewe byumwihariko ku mikino ya Meyer. Babyaye uburyo bworoshye bwa 20 bareba ejo hazaza.
Meyerring yagereranije impano ya Mayakovsky hamwe na Genius ya Moliere, ariko abanenga bahuye nibikorwa bye bishya binjangiza ibitekerezo. Muri "bedpie" basanze amakosa yubuhanzi, ariko ndetse n'ibirego byimiterere yingengabitekerezo byatoranijwe na Bana. Mu binyamakuru byinshi, ingingo zibabaza cyane zashyizwe ahagaragara, kandi bamwe muribo bari bafite imitwe "hasi marcodovo!"
Amazi 1930 yatangiye mumizi ikomeye hamwe nibirego byinshi bya bagenzi byinshi. Mayakovsky yavuze ko atari "umwanditsi wa Proletarian", na "mugenzi". Ariko nubwo kunengwa, mu mpeshyi y'uwo mwaka, Vladimir yahisemo kuvuga muri make ibikorwa bye, aho yateguye imurikagurisha ryitwa "imyaka 20 y'akazi".
Imurikagurisha ryimuye ibyagezweho na Mayakovsky, ariko bizana ibintu bitenguha. Ntabwo yasuwe nabahoze ari bagenzi babo bo mumusizi kuri Lefu, cyangwa ubuyobozi bukuru. Byari inkoni y'ubugome, nyuma igikomere cyimbitse cyagumye mu bugingo bw'umusizi.
Urupfu
Mu 1930, Vladimir arwaye byinshi ndetse atinya gutakaza ijwi, yashyira iherezo ryera kuri stage. Ubuzima bwihariye bwumusizi bwabaye urugamba rutsinzwe kubwibyishimo. Yari wenyine, kubera ko amatafari ahora ashyigikiye no guhumurizwa, asigaye mu mahanga.
Ibitero bituruka ku mpande zose biryamiye imizigo minini ishingiye ku mizigo ikomeye, kandi ubugingo bukubitwa umusizi ntibushobora guhagarara. Ku ya 14 Mata, Vladimir Mayakovsky yishe mu gituza, ari cyo cyateye urupfu rwe.
Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Mayacovsky, umurimo we waguye munsi yubukonje butemewe kandi ntatangazwa. Mu 1936, Lilya Bric yandikiye I. Stalin hamwe no gusaba gufasha mugukomeza kwibuka umusizi ukomeye. Mu cyifuzo cye, Stalin yashimye cyane ibyagezweho na nyakwigendera kandi atanga uruhushya rwo gutangaza imirimo ya Mayakovsky no kurema inzu ndangamurage.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Urukundo rwa Lyukovsky rwubuzima bwose rwari rwa lily nel, inama yabaye mu 1915. Muri icyo gihe, umusizi ukiri muto yahuye na mushiki we - Elsa Treole, kandi umugore amaze kuviramo Vladimir mu nzu ya ruswa. Ngaho Mayakovsky asome abanza gusoma igisigo "igicu mu ipantaro", hanyuma umunwa we witanze. Ntabwo bitangaje, ariko icyitegererezo cyintwari yiki gisigo cyari umubatsi Maria Denisov, aho umusizi yakundanye 1914.
Bidatinze, igitabo cyatangiye hagati ya Vladimir na Lily, mu gihe Osip Cric yahagaritse amaso kugira ngo arenga umugore. Lilya yabaye inzu ndangamurage ya Mayakovsky, yiyeguriye imirongo hafi ya yose y'urukundo. Yagaragaje uburemere bw'impungenge cy'ibyiyumvo bye byo guhagarikwa mu mirimo ikurikira: "Umugongo wijimye", "umuntu", "Lelichka!" n'ibindi.
Ukunda hamwe witabiriye filming film "yamenetse kuri firime" (1918). Byongeye kandi, kuva mu 1918, amatafari n'umusizi bakomeye batangiye kubana, bikwiranye rwose no kumenyana urukundo-rukundo ruriho muri kiriya gihe. Bahinduye aho batuye inshuro nyinshi, ariko igihe cyose batuye hamwe. Akenshi, Mayakovsky ndetse yarimo umuryango wa warize, ndetse no mu ngendo zose mu mahanga yanze bikunze yazanye impano z'umutima (urugero, imodoka ya Renault).
Nubwo umugereka utagira ingano wumusizi kuri Lelichk, hari undi mukundwa mubuzima bwe, ndetse nabana baramuhaye. Mu 1920, Mayakovsky yari afite umubano wa hafi n'umuhanzi Lily Lavinkkaya, wamushyikiriza umuhungu wa Gleb-Nikitu (1921-1986).
1926 byaranze indi nama itagira ingano. Vladimir yahuye na Ellie Jones - umwimukira ukomoka mu Burusiya, wamuhaye umukobwa wa Elena - 1926-2016). Nanone, umubano wa Mimodit wahujwe numusizi hamwe na Sofiya Shamardina na Natalia Brojanhenko.
Byongeye kandi, i Paris, umusizi udasanzwe yahuye nuwihimbye bwa Tatiana yakovleva. Ibyiyumvo byatangiye hagati yabo buhoro buhoro kandi bisezeranya guhindukira ikintu gikomeye kandi kirekire. Mayakovsky yashakaga ko yakovleva arigera i Moscou, ariko aranga. Hanyuma mu 1929, Vladimir yahisemo kujya muri Tatiana, ariko, ibibazo byo kubona viza byabaye inzitizi idasubirwaho.
Urukundo rwa nyuma Vladimir Mayakovsky yari umukinnyi muto kandi wubatse Polonskaya. Umusizi wasabye umukobwa w'imyaka 21 kureka impinduka zikomeye mu buzima, kubera ko Mayakovsky w'imyaka 36 yasaga nkaho avuguruzanya, adahoraho.
Ingorane mumibanire numuheto ukiri muto wasunitse Mayakovsky ku ntambwe yica. Niwe wa nyuma wabonye Vladimir mbere y'urupfu rwe kandi yishimiye kumusaba kutajya mu myitozo yateganijwe. Ntabwo ufite umwanya wo gufunga umuryango wumukobwa, nkuko kurasa byica byumvikanye. Polonskaya ntiyitinyutse kuza mu muhango, kubera ko abavandimwe b'umusizi babonaga ko ari icyaha mu rupfu rw'umuntu kavukire.