Ubuzima
Shostakovich Dmitry Dmitry Dmitry - Igishusho rusange, umwarimu, umwarimu, umuganga wamateka yubuhanzi, umuhanzi wabantu, umwe mu bahimbyi bakomeye bo mu kinyejana cya 20.
Dmitry Shostovich yavutse muri Nzeri 1906. Umuhungu yari afite bashiki bacu babiri. Umukobwa mukuru wa Dmitry Bosryles na Sophia Vasilyevna Shostovovichi witwa Maria, yavutse mu Kwakira 1903. Mushikiwabo muto wa Dmitry yakiriye izina Zoya akivuka. Gukunda Umuziki Shostoakovich twarazwe n'ababyeyi be. We na bashiki be bari umuziki cyane. Abana hamwe nababyeyi bakiri bato bitabiriye murugo ibitaramo bidashoboka.
Dmitry Shoskovich kuva 1915 yize muri Gymnasium yubucuruzi, icyarimwe atangira kujya mu masomo yishuri ryumuziki uzwi cyane ryibihuri bwa Ignatia Albertovich. Kwiga umucuranzi uzwi cyane, Shostovich yabonye ubumenyi bwiza bwa piyano, ariko umujyanama ntabwo yigishije ibihimbano, kandi umusore yagombaga kubikora wenyine.
Dmitry yibukije ko ikirahuri cyari umugabo urambiranye, abanyamakuru na Nariscissistique ndetse no kudashira. Nyuma yimyaka itatu, umusore yahisemo kuva mu bushakashatsi, nubwo nyina muri byose yabujije ibi. Shostovich, nubwo akiri muto, ntabwo yahinduye imyanzuro asiga ishuri ryumuziki.
Mu bitekerezo bye, uwahimbye yavuze ikintu kimwe cyo mu 1917, cyagiye mu mutwe cyane. Mfite imyaka 11, Shostoakovich yabonye cossack watatanya imbaga y'abantu, isenya Saber y'umuhungu. Akiri muto, Dmitry, Twibutse Ibyerekeye uyu mwana, yandikaga ikinamico yitwa "icyunamo cyo kwibuka kwibuka abazize impinduramatwara."
Uburezi
Mu 1919, Shostovich yabaye umunyeshuri wa peteroli ya peteroli. Ubumenyi bwabonye na we mu mwaka wa mbere w'ishuri byafashije umusore ukiri muto kurangiza inyandiko nini nini ya Orchestre - Cherzo Fis-Moll.
Mu 1920, Dmitry Dmitrievich yanditse babiri basini krylov na "imbyino eshatu zikomeye" kuri piyano. Iki gihe cyubuzima bwumusore ufitanye isano no kugaragara kwa Boris Vladimirovich asafyev na Vladimir Vladimirovich Scarbachev mubyo asekeje. Abacuranzi bari muri "Anna Fogh".
Shostakovich yize umwete, nubwo yahuye nibibazo. Igihe cyari gishonje kandi kigoye. Uwahimbye abahimbye abayiriza, uwahimbye yari ashonje, ariko ntiyashonje, ariko ntiyasiga umuziki. Yasuye Philharmonic n'amasomo, nubwo inzara n'imbeho. Nta bushyuhe muri conservatory mu gihe cy'itumba, abanyeshuri benshi bararwaye, hari ibibazo by'ibisubizo byica.
Mu byishimo bye, Shostovich yanditse ko muri icyo gihe, intege nke z'umubiri zamuhatiye kugenda n'amaguru. Kugira ngo tugere kuri transrwetory kuri tram, byari ngombwa gukanda mu mbaga y'abantu bifuza, ubwo ubwikorezi butagiye gake. Dmitry yari afite intege nke kuri ibyo, yasohotse mu nzu mbere maze ajyana n'amaguru.
Shostatovichi rwose yari akeneye amafaranga. Ibintu byahise biyongera urupfu rw'umugati wo mu muryango Dmitry Boleslavovich. Kugira ngo abone amafaranga, umuhungu yakemuye gukora kaseti muri sinema "leight urumuri". Muri iki gihe, Shostakovich yibukije ingwate. Akazi kari gahembwa make kandi yuzuye, ariko gutambuka kwihangana, nkuko umuryango ukeneye.
Ukwezi kumwe, Shostovich yagiye kuri nyir'i cinema akim lvovich cinema ya volnsky kugirango ibone umushahara. Ibintu byari bidashimishije cyane. Nyiri "imbata zoroheje" yerekana icyifuzo cye cyo kubona amafaranga yinjije, yemeza ko abantu batagomba kwita ku kintu cyubuzima.
Igice cy'amafaranga y'imyaka cumi n'irindwi, Shostakovich yarahindutse, abasigaye bashobora kuboneka gusa. Nyuma yigihe gito, iyo imiti yari imaze kuba icyamamare mu muziki, yatumiwe nimugoroba yo kwibuka Akim Lvovich. Uwahimbye kandi asangira ibyo kwibuka uburambe bwo gukorana na litiro. Abateguye nimugoroba bararakaye.
Mu 1923, Dmitry Dmitrievich yarangije imirimo ya petrograpp mu cyiciro cya Piyano, na nyuma y'iyi myaka ibiri mu ishuri rihimbwe. Umurimo wa Dipoma wari Symphony No 1. Akazi karasohojwe bwa mbere mu 1926 i Leningrad. Premiere yubuhanga bwa Symphony yabaye nyuma yumwaka i Berlin.
Kurema
Mu kinyejana cya gatatu cyikinyejana gishize, Shostovich yagejeje kubakunzi ba opera "umudamu McBet Mtsensky County". Muri kiriya gihe, yarangije kandi gukora hejuru ya batanu muri simfoni. Mu 1938, umucuranzi yahimbye "JAZZ suite". Igice kizwi cyane muri iki gikorwa cyari "Waltz No 2".
Kugaragara kwa kunegura mu icapiro by'Abasoviyeti bijyanye n'umuziki wa Shostakovich kumuhatira kuvugurura inzira runaka. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Symphony ya kane ntabwo yari ihagarariwe nabaturage. Shostatovich yahagaritse kwitoza mbere gato yuko premiere. Umuganda wumvise simphony ya kane mu kinyejana cya mirongo itandatu cy'ikinyejana cya makumyabiri.
Nyuma yo kuzirikana kwa Leningrad, Dmitry Dmitrievich yabonaga ko ufite akazi k'imirimo y'abazimiye maze atangira gutunganya ibishushanyo byabitswe ku piyano. Mu 1946, kopi ya simfoni ya kane kubikoresho byose byabonetse mububiko bwinyandiko. Nyuma yimyaka 15, akazi kashyikirijwe rubanda.
Intambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu yasanze Shostovich i Leningrad. Muri iki gihe, uwahimbye yatangiye gukora kuri simphony ya karindwi. Kureka guhagarikwa Leningrad, Dmitry Dmitry Dmitrievich yafashe urucacagu rw'igicanwa kizaza. Syshony ya karindwi yahawe icyubahiro Sholeskovich. Birazwi cyane nka "Leningrad". Symphony yasohoye bwa mbere i Kuibyshev muri Werurwe 1942.
Iherezo ry'intambara Shostakovich ryanditse inyandiko ya cyenda. Premiere ye yabereye i Leningrad ku ya 3 Ugushyingo 1945. Nyuma yimyaka itatu, uwahimbye yari mu bacuranzi baje kuri opal. Umuziki we wari uzwiho nk '"abasoviyeti b'abandi." Shostakovich yambuwe izina rya Porofeseri yabonye mu 1939.
Urebye imigendekere yigihe, Dmitry Dmitrievich mu 1949 yagejejwe ku ndirimbo ya Cantatu "ya Cantatu" y'amashyamba ". Igikorwa nyamukuru cyakazi ni ugusingiza Leta zunze ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti hamwe no kugarura intsinzi mu myaka y'intambara. Cantata yazanye uwahimbye igihembo cya stalin kandi ahantu heza hamwe nabanegura.
Mu 1950, umucuranzi yahumetswe n'imirimo ya Bach na nyaburanga ya Leipzig yatangiye inyandiko ya 24 ibanziriza abantu benshi ba PIANO. Symhony ya cumi yanditswe na Dmitry Dmitry Dmitrievich mu 1953, nyuma yo guhagarika imyaka umunani mu kazi kuri simfoni.
Umwaka umwe, uwahimbye yashyizeho simfoni ya cumi na rimwe, izina "1905". Mu gice cya kabiri cya mirongo itanu, uwahimbye yarushijeho kwiyongera ku nzego z'igikoresho. Umuziki we wabaye utandukanye cyane muburyo bworoshye.
Mu myaka ya nyuma y'ubuzima bwe, Sholeskovich yanditse ibintu bindi bitekerezo bine. Yabaye kandi umwanditsi w'imirimo myinshi n'imigozi. Imirimo yanyuma ya Shostakovich yari Sonsa kuri Viola na Piyano.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Abantu bari hafi yuwahimbye ko ubuzima bwe bwatangiye kunanirwa. Mu 1923, Dmitry yahuye numukobwa witwa Tatiana Gylinewe. Urubyiruko rwari rufite ibyiyumvo, ariko Shostakovich, uremerewe nibikenewe, ntabwo yatinyutse gukora igihano gito cyane. Umukobwa wari ufite imyaka 18, yabonye indishyi zitandukanye. Nyuma yimyaka itatu, ubwo ubucuruzi bwa Shostakovich bufite bike, yatanze igitekerezo Tatiana kwiva kumugabo we, ahubwo yanze.
Nyuma yigihe gito, Shostovich yashakanye. Yahisemo yari Nina Vazar. Umugore yahaye Dmitry dmitrievich imyaka makumyabiri yubuzima kandi yibaruka abana babiri. Mu 1938, Shostovich yabaye se bwa mbere. Yari afite umuhungu Maxim. Umwana muto mu muryango yari umukobwa wa Galina. Umugore wa mbere wa Shostakovich yapfuye mu 1954.
Uwahimbye yashakanye inshuro eshatu. Ubukwe bwa kabiri bwaje kuba umuvuduko utagira umuvuduko, Margari Kaino na Dmitry Shostovich ntibagereranije inyuguti kandi bahita batangira ubutane.
Ubwa gatatu uwahimbye mu 1962. Umugore wumucuranzi yabaye Irina Supinskaya. Umugore wa gatatu yitaweho mu budahemuka Shostakovich mu myaka y'uburwayi.
Indwara
Mu gice cya kabiri cya mirongo itandatu, Dmitry Dmimievich yararwaye. Indwara ye ntiyari nziza yo kwisuzumisha, kandi abaganga b'Abasoviyeti bavanaga n'amaboko. Uwo mwashakanye yibukije ko umugabo we yagizwe amasomo ya Vitamine kugira ngo atinde inzira yo guteza imbere indwara, ariko indwara igenda itera imbere.
Shostovich yarwaye amafoto (scleropique ya amplehic). Kugerageza gukiza uwahimbye yakoze inzobere muri Amerika n'abaganga b'Abasoviyeti. Nk'uko inama ya Rostropovich, Shostovich yagiye i Kurgan kugira ngo bakire Dr. Ilizarov. Kuvura byasabwe na muganga byafashaga igihe gito. Indwara yakomeje gutera imbere. Shostovich yarwaniye arwaye indwara, yatanze ikirego kidasanzwe, yafashe imiti ku isaha. Ihumure kuri we ryasuye ibitaramo bisanzwe. Ku ifoto, uwahimbye akunze kugaragara n'umugore we.
Mu 1975, Dmitry Dmitrievich n'umugore we bajya kwa Leningrad. Hariho igitaramo, urukundo rwa Shostakovich rwakozwe. Umuhanzi yibagiwe yatangiye kuruta umwanditsi. Amaze gusubira mu rugo, uwo mwashakanye yateje "ambulance" ku mugabo we. Shostovich yasuzumye umutima igitero afata uwahimbye ibitaro.
Ubuzima bwa Dmitry Dmitry Dmitrievich bwamennye ku ya 9 Kanama 1975. Kuri uyu munsi, yari agiye kureba n'umugore we umupira w'amaguru mu gitsina. Dmitry yohereje Irina by Mail, agarutse, uwo mwashakanye yari amaze gupfa.
Uwahimbye yashyinguwe ku irimbi rya Novodevichy.