Ubuzima
Sergey Aleksandrovich Yesenin ni Umusizi Mukuru-Lyrics. Imirimo ye myinshi ni ibisigo bya NovohoRresind, amagambo. Nyuma, guhanga bifitanye isano no kwipfukirana, kubera ko bikurikirana amashusho menshi yakoreshejwe, imvugo ngereranyo.
Itariki yo kuvuka k'ubwenge bw'ubuvanganzo ni 21 Nzeri 1895. Yaturutse mu Ntara ya Ryazan, umudugudu wa Kontantinovka (Paruwasi ya Kuzminskaya). Kubwibyo, imirimo myinshi yitangiye gukunda Uburusiya, hari amagambo menshi ya Novokinde. Imiterere yimari yumuryango wumusizi uzaza ntishobora kwitwa kwihanganira, kubera ko ababyeyi be bari abakene.
Bose bari abo mu isigaryarya, bityo bahatirwa gukora imirimo myinshi yumubiri. Se wa Sergey, Alexandere Nikitich, na we yanyuze mu murimo muremure. Nkumwana, yakundaga kuririmba mwitorero ryitorero, yari afite amakuru meza. Amaze gukura, yimukiye ku kazi mu iduka rigurisha inyama.
Urubanza rwamufashije kubona umwanya mwiza muri Moscou. Aho niho yabaye umunyembaraga, kandi umuryango urenze. Ariko ibi ntibyabaye umunezero kubashakanye, Mama Yesenin. Ntiyari akunze kubona umugabo we, udashobora kugira ingaruka ku mibanire yabo.
Indi mpamvu yo kwamagana mu muryango ni uko nyuma yo kwimura se i Moscou, umuhungu atangira gutura kuri sekuru wa sekuru, se wa nyina. Aho niho yakiriye amashuri y'abagabo, batatu nyirarume yishora mu nzira ye. Kubera ko batabonye umwanya wo kubona imiryango yabo, bagerageje kwita cyane kumuhungu.
Nyirarume yose ntiyari abahungu ba nyirakuru beenyethother Yeenin, wari utandukanye n'umujinya mwinshi kandi igice hamwe n'ikibi cy'ubusore. Bigishije umuhungu gutwara ifarashi muburyo budasanzwe: Mumushyire ku ifarashi, wihutira kujyana na gallop. Nanone, amahugurwa yo koga mu ruzi nayo yarimo akubiye igihe gito shingiron yajugunye ubusa mu bwato mu mazi.
Naho nyina w'umusizi, yatewe no gutandukana n'umugabo we igihe yari mu gihe kirekire i Moscou. Yabonye akazi muri Ryazan, aho bakundanye na Ivan Razguleeva. Umugore yavuye muri Alexander Nikitich ndetse no kubyara umwana wa kabiri kuva mubana bushya. Umuvandimwe wa Sergey wahujwe n'umuvandimwe witwa Alexander. Nyuma, ababyeyi bongeye guhurira hamwe, Sergey yari afite bashiki bacu babiri: Katya na Alegizandere.
Uburezi
Nyuma yo kwiga amashuri, umuryango wafashwe umwanzuro wo kohereza Seryo kugirango wongere imyitozo ya Kontantinovskaya Ishuri rya Zemstvo. Yize hariya kuva ku myaka icyenda kugeza ku myaka cumi n'ine kandi ntagereranywa n'ubushobozi bwe gusa, ahubwo yanagaragaje imyitwarire mibi. Kubwibyo, mumwaka umwe wo kwiga, mu cyemezo cy'umuyobozi w'ishuri, yasigaye mu mwaka wa kabiri. Ariko harakomeza gutanga impamyabumenyi yari hejuru cyane.
Muri iki gihe, ababyeyi b'ukuri Genius na wengeye kubana. Umuhungu yatangiye kuza mu rugo rwe kavukire mu biruhuko. Hano yagiye kumupadiri waho, wari ufite amasomero atangaje nibitabo byabanditsi batandukanye. Yiyunze yize yitonze Umubumbe mwinshi, udashobora guhindura imiterere ye yo guhanga.
Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi mu ishuri rya Zbemskaya, yahinduye Paruwasi-Paruwasi, iherereye mu mudugudu wa Everare-riveting. Mu 1909, nyuma yimyaka itanu yo kwiga, yeseenin yarangije ishuri rya Zemstvo muri Kontantinovka. Inzozi z'umuryango we ni uko umwuzukuru yabaye umwarimu. Yashoboye kubishyira mubikorwa nyuma yimyitozo yumukiza Kleyika.
Aho niho yarangije amashuri ya kabiri y'icyiciro cya kabiri. Yakoraga kandi ukuza kw'Itorero, nk'uko byerekeje muri ibyo bihe. Noneho hariho inzu ndangamurage yeguriwe umurimo wuyu musizi ukomeye. Ariko nyuma yo kubona uburezi bwo kwigisha, Yesese yahisemo kujya i Moscou.
Muri Moscow yuzuye abantu, yagombaga gukorera mu iduka ry'inyama, no mu nzu yo gucapa. Mu iduka, se yarateguwe, kubera ko umusore yagombaga gusaba ubufasha mu kazi ke. Hanyuma amutega umwe mu biro, aho Essenin yashishikarije akazi kanini.
Igihe yakoraga munzu yo gucapa nkumufasha ukosora, yahise agira inshuti nabasizi kuba mubyayimwe mu ruziga rw'ubuvanganzo n'uruziga rwa muzika. Ahari ibi byatewe nuko mu 1913 atabikoze, ariko yabaye uwumva kubuntu kaminuza ya Moscou umujyi wa Moscou. Agezeyo, yasuye ibiganiro byamashami yamateka na filozofiya.
Kurema
Uruguba rwo kwandika ibisigo byavutse kuri Yesenin turacyafite Umukiza Kleyika, aho yiganye ku ishuri rya paruwasi ya mwarimu. Mubisanzwe, imirimo yari ifite icyerekezo cyumwuka, ntabwo yinjiye mu magambo ya ownching. Ibikorwa nkibi birashobora guterwa: "Inyenyeri", "ubuzima bwanjye". Iyo umusizi yari i Moscou (1912-1915), ni ryari watangiye ingero ze zizeye ikaramu.
Ni ngombwa cyane ko muri iki gihe mubikorwa bye:
- Yakoresheje imivugo ikoreshwa ry'amashusho. Ibikorwa bya Napli Politiki yubuhanga, amashusho agororotse cyangwa yimukanwa.
- Muri kiriya gihe, amashusho ya Novokisitani yakurikiranye.
- Byashobokaga kubona ibimenyetso by'Uburusiya, uko ubuhanga bwakunze umurimo wa Alexandre Blok.
Akazi ka mbere wacapwe ni igisigo "Bereza". Abahanga mu by'amateka bamenya ko igihe wandikaga Yesenin yahumetswe imirimo ya.etA. Hanyuma afata Aristanym Aristonm, atafatiye kohereza igisigo munsi yizina rye bwite bwo gucapa. Yasohotse mu 1914 ikinyamakuru ikinyamakuru.
Igitabo cya mbere "Radninsa" cyasohotse mu 1916. Yakurikiranye kandi uburusiya, kubera ko umusore yimukiye i PetRograp atangira kuvugana n'abanditsi b'icyatsi n'abasizi b'icyatsi:
- Cm. Gorodetsky.
- Z.n. Hippius.
- D.V. Abafilozofe.
- A. A. guhagarika.
Muri "Radunice Hariho inoti zombi, kandi isano nini hagati yubusanzwe numwuka, kubera ko izina ryigitabo rikora umunsi. Noneho ukuza kw'isoko biraba, mu rwego rwo kubahiriza abahinzi baririmba indirimbo gakondo. Iyi ni ihuriro na kamere, kuvugurura no kubaha abagiye.
Imiterere yumusizi irahinduka, mugihe atangiye kwambara neza kandi nziza cyane. Umurinzi we wa Klyov, wabigenzuye kuva mu 1915 kugeza 1917, yashoboraga kuyigiraho ingaruka. Umuvugo wumuntu ukiri muto wahise utega amatwi ibitekerezo na S.M. Gorodetsky, na Alegizandere Mukuru.
Mu 1915, umwambaro wa "Cher" wanditswe, aho atanga kamere n'iki giti ku mico y'abantu. Cherry nkaho ije mubuzima kandi igaragaza ibyiyumvo bye. Sergey amaze guhamagara intambara mu 1916, yatangiye kuvugana nitsinda ryabasizi ba Novokirestest.
Kubera icyegeranyo cyasohotse, harimo "Radunitsa", Yesenin yakiriye icyamamare cyagutse. Yageze ku mugezi Alexandra Fedorovna. Yakunze guhamagara Yeseseenin mu mudugudu wa cyami kugira ngo asome imirimo ye na hamwe n'abakobwa be.
Mu 1917, habaye impinduramatwara yabaye mu mirimo y'ubwenge. Yakiriye "umwuka wa kabiri" na, yahumekeye, yahisemo kurekura igisigo cyo mu 1917 cyitwa "guhinduka". Yateje ijwi rinini ndetse no kunegura, kubera ko hari amagambo menshi ya Unmagon muri yo. Bose batanze muburyo butandukanye, muburyo bwo kwerekana Isezerano rya Kera.
Imyumvire yisi yarahinduwe, yiyemeza itorero. Umusizi mbere yatangaje ibi mukivugo kimwe. Hanyuma atangira kuyobora Andreyi bombi, atangira kuvugana nitsinda ryumusizi "Scuktianys". Igikorwa cyo kurangiza imyaka makumyabiri ni:
- Igitabo cya Petrograpp "infura" (1918).
- Igitabo cya kabiri cya "Radunitsa" (1918).
- Urukurikirane rw'ibyegeranyo twa 1918-1920: Guhinduka no mu cyaro.
Igihe cya Imazhinism cyatangiye mu 1919. Munsi yabyo bisobanura gukoresha umubare munini wibishusho, imvugo ngereranyo. Sergey ishoboye inkunga ya V.G. Hershevich no gushingira mu itsinda rye ryatewe no gakondo ya Futurism, imiterere ya Boris Paster. Itandukaniro rikomeye ni uko imirimo yashyizwe muri kamere, yafashe gusoma neza imbere yabareba.
Ibi bifatanye nitsinda ryamamaye rikomeye hejuru yinyuma yibikorwa byiza hamwe nibisabwa. Noneho baranditswe:
- "Sorokout" (1920).
- Umuvugo wa Pugachev (1921).
- Vuga "Urufunguzo rwa Mariya" (1919).
Birazwi kandi ko mugitangira cya makumyabiri Sergey yatangiye kwishora mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ibitabo, yakodesheje iduka ryo kugurisha ibitabo byacapwe. Yari kuri Nikitskaya. Uyu mwuga wamuzanye amafaranga akarangara gato?
Nyuma yo gutumanaho no kungurana ibitekerezo, tekinike yuburyo hamwe na A. Mariengoof, Yesenin yaranditswe:
- "Kwatura Huligan" (1921), kwiyegurira Umukinnyi Augustus Aurklashevskaya. Mu cyubahiro cye, imivugo irindwi kuva kurengana kimwe yanditswe.
- "Treradnik" (1921).
- "Ntabwo nicuza, sindarira" (1924).
- "Ibisigo bya Skandalist" (1923).
- "Moscou Kabatskaya" (1924).
- "Ibaruwa yandikiwe umugore" (1924).
- "Ibaruwa ya Mama" (1924), nikimwe mubisigo byiza byamagambo. Byanditswe mbere yo kugera kwa Yeseenin kumudugudu we kavukire ukitangira nyina.
- "Motifni y'Abaperesi" (1924). Mu cyegeranyo urashobora kubona igisigo kizwi "shagana wowe, Shagana".
Nyuma yibyo, umusigo yatangiye gukora kenshi. Uburinganire bwe bw'ingendo ntibyagarukiye gusa kuri Orenburg imwe na Ural, Ndetse yasuye Aziya yo hagati, Tashkent, ndetse n'abasambanyi. Muri urdah, yakundaga kujya mu bigo byaho (icyayi), yanyuze mu mujyi wa kera, atangira abo tuziranye. Byahumetswe n'ibisigo bya Uzubek, umuziki w'iburasirazuba, kimwe n'ubwubatsi bw'umuhanda waho.
Nyuma yo gushyingirwa, ingendo nyinshi zo mu Burayi zakurikiranye: Ubutaliyani, Ubufaransa, Ubudage n'ibindi bihugu. Yesenin yabayeho amezi make muri Amerika (1922-1923), nyuma yinyandiko zakozwe hamwe nibitekerezo byo kubaho muri iki gihugu. Bacapishijwe i Izvestia kandi bagizwe icyuma Mirgorod.
Hagati ya makumyabiri, urugendo rwo muri Caucase rwarakozwe. Hano hari igitekerezo ko kiri muri kano gace "iburasirazuba bwumutuku". Yarekuwe mu icapiro rya Caucase, nyuma yo mu 1925 urumuri rwabonye igisigo "ubutumwa n'umuvugabutumwa Demyan". Igihe cya Imazhinism cyakomeje kugeza nimugoroba kugeza umuhanga utongana na A. B. Mariengof.
Nanone, V. Mayakovsky yafatwaga nk'ubuntu bunebwe kandi buzwi cyane. Ariko icyarimwe ntibagaragaje urwango kumugaragaro, nubwo bakunze guhura nakirana. Ibintu byose byaranzwe kandi byubaha akazi kamwe.
Ubuyobozi bw'Abasoviyeti
Sergey amaze gufata umwanzuro wo gucamo ubushimwa, yatangiye gutanga impamvu nyinshi zo kunegura imyitwarire ye. Kurugero, buri gihe buri gihe nyuma ya 1924 atangira kugaragara ingingo zitandukanye ziyongera ko yabonetse muri leta yasinze cyangwa yatunganijwe, amazi mu bigo.
Ariko iyi myitwarire yari ieoliganism gusa. Kubera ibihembo by'abafite neza, hafunguwe imanza nyinshi z'inshinjabyaha, nyuma zarafunzwe. Ijwi rirenga muribo ni ikibazo cyabasizi bane, aho ibirego byo kurwanya abaseticasi. Muri iki gihe, ubuzima bw'ubwenge bw'ubuvanganzo bwahungabanye.
Naho imyifatire y'imbaraga z'Abasoviyeti, yari ahangayikishijwe n'imisika. Hano hari amabaruwa ahamya ko Djwerzhinsky asabwa gufasha no kuzigama Yesenin. Harimo ko sergey yashyize umukozi wa GPU, atamuha gusinzira. Djwerzhinsky yashubije icyifuzo kandi akurura abayoborwa be, atigeze ashoboye kubona Sergey.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Anna Ferezzhanova yari umugore wa gisivili wa Yesenin. Yahuye na we ubwo yakoraga nk'umufasha mu nzu yo gucapa. Ingaruka zubwo bukwe ni ivuka rya mwene Yuri. Ariko ubukwe ntibushobora kunanira igihe kirekire, kubera ko Sergey yashakanye na ZINAIDa Reich. Muri icyo gihe, abana babiri bavutse icyarimwe - Kontantin na Tatiana. Ubu bumwe nabwo bwaje kuba umuvuduko.
Mu ishyingiranwa ryemewe, umusizi yinjiye muri Isador Duncan, wagize ubuhanga bwo kubyina. Iyi nkuru y'urukundo yibukwa kuri benshi, kubera ko umubano wabo wari mwiza, wurukundo kandi igice. Umugore yari umubyinnyi uzwi muri Amerika, wasize inyungu zabaturage muri ubu bukwe.
Muri icyo gihe, Isadora yari mukuru kuruta uwo bashakanye, ariko itandukaniro ku myaka ntibyabangamiye.
Sergey Duncan yahuye mu mahugurwa yigenga mu 1921. Hanyuma batangira kugenda mu Burayi bwose, kandi na bo babaga amezi ane muri Amerika - mu gihugu cyababyinnyi. Ariko nyuma yo kugaruka kubera amahanga, ubukwe bwarahagaritswe. Umugore ukurikiyeho yabaye Sophia Tolstaya, wari mwene wabo wa kera, ubumwe na we yamenetse mu gihe kitarenze umwaka.
Kandi, ubuzima bwa Yesenin bwahujwe nabandi bagore. Urugero, Galina Benislavslavskaya yari umunyamabanga we bwite. Yahoraga iruhande rwe, igice cyera ubuzima bwe kuri uyu mugabo.
Indwara n'urupfu
Yesesenin yagize ibibazo byinzoga, byari bitazwi gusa kubamuzi gusa, ahubwo natwe DERZSKSky ubwe ubwe. Mu 1925, umunyabwenge ukomeye yari mu bitaro mu ivuriro ryishyuwe rya Moscou, ryihariye muri indwara za psychoneurologiya. Ariko umaze ku ya 21 Ukuboza, ubuvuzi bwarangiye cyangwa, birashoboka ko bwahagaritswe bisabwe na Sergey ubwe.
Yahisemo kwimuka by'agateganyo gutura i Leningrad. Mbere y'ibyo, yahagaritse akazi na Gosizdat akuramo amafaranga ye yose arya kuri konti ya Guverinoma. I Leningrad, yabaga muri hoteri kandi akunze kuvugana n'abanditsi batandukanye: V Erlich, G. F. USTIONI, N. NIKIITIN.
Urupfu rw'uyu musizi ukomeye mu buryo butunguranye mu buryo butunguranye, 1928. Ntakintu na kimwe cyavuyemo Yeesenin yasize ubuzima, kimwe nimpamvu y'urupfu. Byabaye ku ya 28 Ukuboza 1925, umuhango wo gushyingura wanyuze i Moscou, aho imva y'ubwenge ari ubu.
Mu ijoro ryo ku ya 28 Ukuboza, handitswe igisigo cyasezeranijwe mu buhanuzi cyanditswe. Kubwibyo, abanyamateka bamwe bavuga ko umunyabwenge yiyahuye, ariko ibi ntabwo ari ukuri kugaragara.
Muri 2005, film yo mu Burusiya "Yesenin" yazamuwe, muri Sergey Bezrukov yagize uruhare runini. Nanone mbere yuko ibi byakuweho urukurikirane "umusizi". Imirimo yombi yiyegurira umuhanga ukomeye wu Burusiya kandi wakiriye ibitekerezo byiza.
Ibintu bishimishije
- Ntoya Sergey afite imyaka itanu yahantu cyangwa cyane, bekuru bavujije nyina. Umugore yohereje Data gusa kubungabunga Umwana. Padiri muri iki gihe yakoraga i Moscou.
- Mfite imyaka itanu, umuhungu yari amaze gusoma.
- Ku ishuri, Yesenin yahawe izina "ridafite ridafite amasani, kubera ko sekuru yatesheje ubukorikori bw'itorero.
- Mu 1915, serivisi yatangiye mu gisirikare hamwe no gutinda gukurikizwa. Sergey yaje kuba kuri lavs ya gisirikare, ariko asanzwe ari isuku.