Ubuzima
Matilda Kshessaya ntabwo ari ballerina yindashyikirwa gusa yarenze ubuhanga bwarenze ubushobozi bwo kuba mugihe cyo murugo. Ni umwe mu bantu bakomeye ba nyakwigendera XIX - mu ntangiriro za xx. Urugero rw'akamaro kayo ni amagambo y'umuyobozi w'ikirenga - umuyobozi mukuru wa duke mukuru Nikolai Nikolai Nikolayevich. Mu ntambara ya mbere y'isi yose, igihe ingabo z'Ingoma y'Uburusiya zagize ikibazo cyo kubura ibisasu, kubera ko Matilda Ksheskaya allerrina bigira ingaruka ku kugabana ibicuruzwa no kugira uruhare mu gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa hagati y'imiryango itandukanye.
Matilda Kshessaya yavutse ku ya 31 Kanama 1872 mu muryango uhanga. Data - Ikirusiya Pole Felix KsheSinky, isohoka muri Polonye Nikolay Nkunda Mazurka nziza yakundaga Mazurka, umubyeyi - umupfakazi, ukize mu mupfakazi wa ballet ballet. Mushikiwabo Matilda - Ballerina Yuli KsheSsinkaya (bita "Kshessaya 1ST", mu bashakanye ya Zedader), umuvandimwe - umubyinnyi n'umuyobozi mukuru wa Joseph Kshestsky.
Umukobwa yinjiye mwishuri rya Theatre ya Imperial kandi muri 1890 ararangiza. Kuri Prover, umuryango wose wa cyami witabiriwe, kandi ku ifunguro rya nimugoroba rya Ksheskaya ryicaye iruhande rwa sauir kugera ku ntebe y'ubwami, nikolai. Hanyuma Alexander III, yishimye, akurikiza ingendo ya Matilda, vuga amagambo ateye ubwoba:
"Madmoiselle! Ba umutako kandi uhimbaze Ballet! ".Matilda yemerwa mu matsinda ya Mariinsky, ku cyiciro cy'ubwami cya Kshessaya wa 2 (1Umuntu witwa Mushikiwabo Yulia) yabyinnye imyaka 27.
Umwuga muri mariinsky Theatre
Matilda Kshessaya yabyinnye muri Massles Masugiti na Ntare Ivanova (wari umwe mu barimu be). Ibitaramo bya mbere bya Kshesinsky - Umuyoboro mwiza muri "Nubracker", upfa mwizina rimwe, Odetta-Odile muri "Ikiyaga cya Bayadrka".
Nyuma yo kuva mu Butaliyani, Karlotta wo muri Brianz yamusanze ku ruhare rw'Umwamikazi Aurocar aurora mu bakinnyi "ubwiza bwo gusinzira".
Nyuma yimyaka 6 yakazi muri theatre, Kshesshankaya yahawe igihembo cya "prima-ballerrina, nubwo yanze ko Balletmard ya Petipa. Nk'uko raporo zimwe zivuga ko hari ihuriro ku gikari wafashije hejuru cyane ya ballet.
Kubwacyo, imipira nkeya gusa iratangwa, nyuma itashyizwe kurutonde rwumurage wa ballet. Kurugero, mu 1894, mugihe cyo gushyingirwa kwa Duchess nkuru ya Ksenia, Alexandrovna na Grand Duke Alexander Mikhaiar Mikhaiare Mikhaiare Mikhaiare Mikhaiar Mikhaiare Mikhaiare Mikhaiare Mikhaiare Mikhaiare Mikhaiare Mikhaiare Mikhaiar Mikhaiare Mikhaiare, "Kunguka Flora" yashyikirijwe ishyaka ryingenzi rya Kshesin.
Nubwo hari umwanya uhagaze muri theatre, Matilda Kshesin ahora anoza tekinike yayo, kuva 1898 yasuye amasomo yigenga yavuye muri umwarimu uzwi Ledrico chekketney. Yabaye Umukinnyi wambere wu Burusiya wakoze ibiryo 32 kumurongo.
Mu 1904, Matilda Kshesinskaya kureka icyifuzo cye cyatanzwe na Mariinsky Theatre na nyuma yinyungu zari zimaze kurengana. Yinjije amafaranga 500 kuri buri gusohoka kuri stage, hanyuma ubwishyu bwiyongereye kugera ku manza 750.
Ballerina yavuze inshuro nyinshi ko abahanzi biga amasomo bashobora kubyina, ntabwo byaramutumiwe mu mikorere ya Mikhail Phukin: "Ikinyugunyugu" (1917), "Eros" (1915) .
Amayeri
Matilda Kshessaya muburyo bwose bushoboka bwarwanya ubutumire bwitsinda rya baller ballerba. Yagerageje kwerekana n'inzira zose ballernina y'Abarusiya bakwiriye uruhare runini, mu gihe benshi muri bo bahawe abahanzi b'abanyamahanga.
Umutaliyani Ballerina Piritinal Lenyani yakundaga kuba amayeri, nubwo, nubwo yavugaga Khezage, akora muri theatre ya Mariinsky imyaka umunani. Ariko imbaraga za Matilda ntabwo zihagaze umuyobozi w'imikino y'ingoma ya Prince Voltonsky, wasize ikinamico nyuma yo kwanga kugarura imipira ya kera "Caterina, umukobwa wambaye". Ballerna ikomeye ubwayo yitwa igisitaza cyikoti yimbyino yikirusiya kuva ballet ya Kamargo.
Mu 1899, inzozi ze ndende zarasohoye - Mariyo Pettipov amuha ibirori bya Esmeralda, kandi kuva icyo gihe afite kuva uruhare rumwe rufite uru ruhare, rutera abo mukorana kutanyurwa. Mbere ya Matilda, iki cyiciro cyakozwe mubutaliyani gusa.
Usibye ballerinamo, "umwanzi we mubi" KshesshaSkaya yabonaga ko umuteguro w '"ibihe by'Uburusiya Dyagilev. Yamutumiye gukora i Londres, bakurura Matilde kurusha Paris. Kubwibyo, Ballerina yagombaga gukoresha amasano ye na "Punch" kuri Dyagilev umwanya wo kuvugana na Deteprenerug ye muri St. Petersburg no gutinda kujya mu gisirikare kuri Nizhinsky,. Mu ijambo rya Kshesinsky, ikiyaga cya Swan cyatoranijwe, kandi ntabwo cyari ku bw'amahirwe - bityo dyagilevi yabonaga imitako ye.
Kugerageza ntibyari byambitswe ikamba. Byongeye kandi, Dyagilev yarakaye cyane kubera ubusa bw'isaba, umugaragu we yaraka yamuhaye bikomeye cyane kwangiza ballerna.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima bwihariye bwa Matilda Kshesin ni amayeri yuzuye kuruta ibikorwa byumwuga bya ballerina. Imyigaragambyo ye ifatanije nabahagarariye ingoma ya Romayov.
Byemezwa ko kuva 1892 kugeza 1894 yari nyirabuja wa Cesiarevich Nikolai Alexandrovich. Nyuma yo kumenyera, yahoraga asura ibikorwa bye, umubano wabo uteza imbere vuba, nubwo abantu bose bazi ko igitabo gifite iherezo ryiza. Kugirango twubahirize uburiganya bwa Kshesiskaya, inzu yo kugurwa icyongereza yaguzwe, aho bahuye nta kwivanga.
"Yakunze umuragwa mu nama ya mbere. Nyuma y'igihe cyizuba cya Selo By'umutuku, igihe nashoboraga guhura no kuvugana nawe, imyumvire yanjye yose yujuje ubugingo bwanjye, kandi nashoboraga gutekereza kuri we. ".Impamvu yo gusenyuka k'umubano Nikolai wa nikolai wa niko twasezerana n'umwuzukuru w'umwamikazi Victoria-Darmstadt muri Mata 1894.
Kuri uyu, uruhare direct mu Umubyinyi Kazi mu buzima bo mu muryango w'umwami atari hejuru - Matilda Kshesinskaya kigizwe umubano na nya baganwa mwinshi Sergey Mikhailovich na Andrei Vladimirovich. Ku ya 15 Ukwakira 1911, ku itegeko ryo hejuru, Patrimymic "yakiriye umuhungu we Vladimir, wavutse ku ya 18 Kamena 1902 i Strolna. Mu muryango we, yitwaga "vova", kandi yakiriye izina "Krasinsky".
Ku ya 17 Mutarama 1921 muri Cannes mu Itorero rya Machangel-Mikhailovsk-MikhaNenskaya ryinjiye mu ishyingiranwa rya Morganatic rifite Grand Duke Andrey Vladimirovich, wareze umuhungu we maze atanga izina rye. Mu 1925, Matilda Felixesn yimukiye mu gatolika muri orotodogisi hamwe n'izina Maria.
Ku ya 30 Ugushyingo 1926, mubyara Nikolai II Kirill Vladimirovich yamuhaye abamukomokaho ku mutwe w'izina kandi ku izina rya Prince Krasinsky, maze ku ya 28 Nyakanga 1935 - ibikomangoma byiza bya Romanovsky-Krasinsky.
Mu kwimuka
Muri Gashyantare 1917, KshesshaSkaya, hamwe n'umuhungu we, yahatiwe kuzerera mu nyungu z'undi, amaze gutakaza umutungo utimukanwa - amazu yahindutse "icyicaro gikuru cy'abadelini", akabari. Yahisemo kujya kuri Kislovodsk kugeza ku gikomangoma Andrei Vladimirovich mu byiringiro byo gutaha vuba.
"Mu bugingo bwanjye bwarwanye n'ibyishimo kubona Andrei no kumva twicujije umutimanama, nsiga Sergey wenyine mu murwa mukuru, aho yari afite akaga gahoraho. Byongeye kandi, byarangoye kumuvaho, aho nta kibazo yari afite. "
Ku ya 13 Nyakanga 1917 Yasize Petrogragi ubuziraherezo.
Mu ntangiriro ya 1918, umuraba wa Bolshevism, "na Kshesshaskaya hamwe na Vova, nk'impunzi, zigiye muri Anapa ku cyemezo cya Mama Andrei, umwamikazi ukomeye Mar Pavlovna. 1919 yabaye mu ituze rigereranije Kislovodsk, aho, muri gari ya moshi kuva mu modoka 2, impunzi zisigaye ku ya Novorosski. Igishimishije, Maria Pavlovna yihutiye kujya mu ishuri rya mbere, mu gihe Matilda afite amajwi yahawe icya gatatu.
Imibereho ikomeje kwangirika - Ibyumweru 6 Umuryango wo hejuru wabayeho mu magare mugihe uruziga rwizina ryisi ryafashe abantu. Noneho bagenda bava i Noororossiys bakira viza yubufaransa. 12 (25) Werurwe 1920, umuryango wageze i Cap d'Aai, aho Villa Ballerina yari iherereye.
Mu 1929, Matilda Kshessaya yafunguye studio ye ya ballet i Paris. Umwarimu KsheSsinsky yatandukanijwe numujinya utuje - ntabwo yigeze amura ijwi rye kumuyaga.
Firime n'ibitabo
Ubuzima bwa Matilda Kshesky bukungahaye kubyabaye kandi abantu bazwi - akenshi bimurikirwa mubuhanzi. Rero, mu gitabo "canke, cyangwa icya nyuma cy'ibitabo" uhereye kuri urukurikirane "ibintu byahitanye Fandorin" Borris Akunin bisobanura kwitegura gukaza umwamikazi Nicholas II. Imwe mu nyuguti - Isabella Felicianovna Snezhnevskaya, prototype yacyo ari Matilda Felixena ubwe.Muyindi mirimo, Matilda Kshessaya nigico cyingenzi. Ku ya 26 Ukwakira 2017, ifoto nshya ya mwarimu wa Alexei Matilda izatangwa, itezimbere rusange mbere yuko yemererwa. Umugambi wa filime uri mu mibanire ya KsheSsinsky hamwe na Ceshevich Nikolai Alexandrovich, Umwamikazi w'ejo ni Eraror Nikolai wa II.
Urukozasoni rwavuye nyuma yo kurekura trailer ya mbere yemewe, irimo amashusho ya erotic hamwe nitabira gukora inshingano nyamukuru za Mikhalin Olshansky na lars IBIKORWA.
Umuhanda rusange "Umusaraba wa Tsarsky" ushinjwa abaremu ku gishushanyo mu "kugoreka amateka mu mateka" na "ubushotoranyi bwo kurwanya amateka" na "ubushotoranyi n'uburusiya ndetse n'ubumenyi bw'Uburusiya no mu rwego rwo gushyira mu gaciro." Ibi byatumye Nataliya Poklonskaya, azwiho gusenga Nikolai II, hamagara ku biro rusange bya Porokireri ufite icyifuzo cyo kugenzura ibikoresho.
Sheki utarigeze ufungwa ihohoterwa, ariko mugaragaro urukurikirane ubujurire kwivuza n'ibirego imibare Leta, abanyapolitiki na filime.
Urupfu
Afite imyaka 86, afite imyaka 13 kugeza apfuye, Matilda Feligisna Kshessaya yabonye inzozi - yumvise impeta y'inzoka, ivuga ko aririmba inzogera, itorero ryo kuririmba kandi ribona imvugo yica ibyerekeye imitako n'icyubahiro cya Ballet yo mu Burusiya. Abo mu gitondo yahisemo kwandika imiti, ashyigikira umwenda w'amabanga y'ibyamamare KsheriSary.
Kwibuka Matilda Ksheskasaya byasohowe mu 1960 i Paris mu gifaransa. Mu kirusiya, umurimo wasohowe gusa mu 1992.
Balleyvents idasanzwe yabayeho ubuzima burebure - Yapfuye afite imyaka 99 mu mezi make mbere yikinyejana cye, 5 Ukuboza 1971.
Umubiri we washyinguwe ku irimbi rya Jeneve De Bou mu nkengero za Paris mu mva imwe n'uwo bashakanye n'umuhungu. Epitap ikoreshwa mu urwibutso: "Umuganwakazi ucecetse Marialixesna Romanovskaya-Krasinskaya, Umuhanzi wubahwa wo mu makinamico ya Kshesiskaya."