Ubuzima
Umwami w'abami yose, Alexandre Aleksandrovich Romanov yavutse ku ya 26 Gashyantare (akurikije uburyo bwa kera) bwo mu 1845 i St. Petersburg mu ngoro ya Anichkov. Se yari umwami w'abami, alexand Alexander II, na Mama - Umwamikazi Maria Alexandrovna. Umuhungu yari ku mwana wa gatatu mu muryango, aho abandi bana batanu bavutse. Umuvandimwe we mukuru Nicholas yarimo yitegura ku ngoma, kandi Alegizandere yariteguwe na peteroli y'ingabo.
Mu bwana, Cesarewoch yakoraga ishyaka ryinshi, kandi mwarimu yaramubayemo kumumaho. Mu bihuru by'abayobero, umusore Alexandre ntabwo yari afite ubwenge cyane, ariko afite ibitekerezo byiza nimpano yo gutekereza.
Nerav Alegizandere yari umugwaneza kandi afite isoni, nubwo imibare yari izwi: igihe yari afite uburebure muri cm 193, uburemere bwayo bwageze kuri kg 120. Nubwo yarebaga inyuma, umusore yakundaga ubuhanzi. Yajyanye amasomo ya Porofeseri Tikhodova kandi yasezeranye mu muziki. Alexandre yamenye umukino kumuringa nibikoresho byumuyaga wimbaho. Nyuma yaho, azashyigikira cyane ibihangano byo mu gihugu ndetse no ku muteguro bihagije mu buzima bwa buri munsi bizakusanya icyegeranyo cyiza cy'imirimo n'abahanzi b'Abarusiya. Kandi muri telerater thater hamwe nintoki ze zo mumucyo, abarusiya na ballet zizatangira gushyira cyane cyane kuruta Umunyaburayi.
Cesarevchi Nikolai na Alegizandere bari hafi cyane. Muvandimwe muto ndetse yavugaga ko nta n'umwe wigeze akundwa, usibye Nicholas. Kubera iyo mpamvu, igihe mu 1865, umuragwa ku ntebe mu rugendo mu rugendo mu Butaliya, yumva ahita apfa azize igituntu, alexandre ntashobora gufata iki gihombo igihe kirekire. Byongeye kandi, byagaragaye ko ari we wabaye uwasabye intebe, alegizandere atiteguye rwose.
Abashinzwe abasore aho bamwe bazanye ubwoba. Umusore yibanze cyane inzira y'inyigisho zidasanzwe ko Umujyanama wa KonTantin wa Vinstorian yamusomye. Nyuma yo kongeramo Ubwami, Alegizandere azakora umujyanama wa mwarimu kandi azamuhamagara kugeza ubuzima bwe burangiye. Undi mufasha Zesarevich yagizwe Nikolay Alexandrovich Kachalov, uwo musore yakoze urugendo mu Burusiya.
Ubukwe ku ntebe y'ubwami
Mu ntangiriro za Werurwe 1881, nyuma yizibacyuho, Umwami w'abami Alexandere wa II, Umwami Alexandere wa II yarapfuye, abaza ko umuhungu we abiziritse ku ntebe y'ubwami. Nyuma y'amezi abiri, Umwami w'abami mushya yashyize ahagaragara "Manifeste ku bitumvikana", icyo aricyo cyose impinduka zose zidasanzwe muri leta yashinzwe na Se.
Amayobera yubukwe bwubwami bwabaye nyuma - Ku ya 15 Gicurasi 1883 mumatafari ya koredrale ya Moscou. Ku ngoma, umuryango wa cyami wimukiye mu ngoro i Gattina.
Politiki y'imbere Alexander III
Alexander wa III yubahirije amahame ya cyami n'Amahanga, ibikorwa byayo muri politiki yo mu rugo bishobora kwitwa impimbano. Umwami w'abami yasinywe bwa mbere amategeko yoherejwe ku mahoro y'abakozi b'ubuntu. Muri bo harimo igikomangoma kontantin Nikolaevich, M. T. Loris-Melikova, D. A. Milyuti, A. A. Abaza. Yakoze K. P. Victoronezyhev, N. IgnaTativa, D. A. Tolstoy, M. N. Katkova by rufunguzo z'ibidukikije.
Mu 1889, umunyapolitiki ufite impano S. Witte, Alexandre alexandrovich yahise ashyiraho Minisitiri w'imari na Minisitiri w'itumanaho vuba. Sergey Yulievich yakoze byinshi muburusiya bwiza. Yatangije amafaranga hamwe nigihugu cya zahabu, cyagize uruhare mu gushimangira ifaranga ry'Uburusiya ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Ibi byatumye umurwa mukuru w'amahanga mu Bwami w'Uburusiya wariyongereye, kandi ubukungu butangira gutera imbere mu buryo butemewe. Byongeye kandi, yashyizeho byinshi mu iterambere no kubaka umuhanda wa Trans-Siberiya, akaba akiri inzira yonyine yo guhuza Vladivostok hamwe na Moscou.
Nubwo kubera ko ku bahinzi ba Alexander wa III bakomeje uburenganzira bwo guhamya no gutora mu matora yo gufata inguzanyo kugira ngo basubize umurima wabo kandi bashimangire umwanya wacyo ku isi. Ku banyacyubahiro, umwami kandi yaratanze kandi kubuza. Mu mwaka wa mbere w'inama y'Ubutegetsi, yahagaritse amafaranga y'inyongera avuye mu bubiko bwa cyami, kandi anakora byinshi kugira ngo bakureho ruswa.
Alexander III yashimangiye gukurikirana abanyeshuri, yashyizeho imipaka ku mubare w'abayahudi b'Abayahudi mu bigo byose by'uburezi, kongererwa. Amagambo ye yabaye iyo nteruro: "Uburusiya bw'Abarusiya." Mu nkengero z'ingoma, yatangaje ko akomeye.
Alexander wa III yakoze byinshi kunganda za metero hagati no guteza imbere amavuta na gaze. Hamwe na hamwe, umugongo nyawe watangiye kunoza imibereho myiza yabaturage, kandi iterabwoba ryiterabwoba ryarahagaze rwose. Nakoze autocrats nyinshi no kuri orotodogisi. Hamwe n'ikibaho cyayo, umubare w'amacumbi wiyongereye, ibigo bishya n'insengero. Mu 1883, kimwe mu nzego nziza cyane zarumiwe - itorero rya Kristo Umukiza.
Ku murage, nyuma y'ingoma ye, Alexandere wa III yavuye mu gihugu afite ubukungu bukomeye.
Polexander III
Umwami Alexander wa III n'ubwenge bwe mu bikorwa bya politiki y'ububanyi n'amahanga kandi birinda intambara binjiye mu nkuru nk'umukiramari. Ariko icyarimwe ntiwibagiwe gushimangira imbaraga z'Ingabo. Munsi ya Alexandra III, amato yuburusiya yabaye uwa gatatu nyuma yubufaransa n'Ubwongereza.
Umwami yashoboye gukomeza umubano utuje hamwe nabahanganye bose. Yasinyanye amasezerano y'amahoro n'Ubwongereza, mu Bwongereza, kandi ashimangira kandi ubucuti bw'Uburusiya ku cyiciro cy'isi.
Ku ngoma ye, umuco wo kuganira ku mishyikirwaho yashizweho, kandi abategetsi b'ibisimba by'i Burayi batangira kwizera umwami w'Uburusiya, kubera ko umunyakemurampaka, mu gukemura ibibazo byose bitavugwaho rumwe.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Nicholas, yari afite umugeni, Umuganwakazi wa Danemarma Maria Dagom. Bukwi na bukwi, bwaragaragaye ko umusore Alegizandere na we amukunda. Kandi nubwo hashize igihe, yitaye kuri Freilina, Umuganwa Maria Meshcherskaya, Alexandre afite imyaka 21 atanga igitekerezo cya Maria Freperic. Mugihe gito rero, ubuzima bwumuntu wa Alegizandere bwarahindutse, ibyo atikwicuza nyuma.
Nyuma y'amahigo y'ubukwe, yafungiye mu itorero rinini ry'ingoro y'itumba, abashakanye baguye mu ngoro ya Anichkov, aho babaga mbere yo kwinjira kwa Alexandre ku ngoma.
Mu muryango wa Alexandre Alexandrovich n'umugore we Mariya Yerururovna, kimwe n'abakomangoma bose mu mahanga, bemera ko havutse amaba mato mbere yo gushyingirwa, bavutse babonaga abana batandatu, batanu muri bo babayeho mbere.
Nkuru Nikolai azaba umwami wanyuma wu Burusiya Nikolai wa RomaOv. Kuva mu bana bato - Alexandre, George, Kseni, Mikhail, Olga - bashiki bacu bonyine bazabaho basaza ubusaza. Alegizandere azapfa afite imyaka imwe, Georgizi azapfira mu busore bwe kuva igituntu, kandi Mikhail azagabana ibyago by'umuvandimwe - Bolsheviks azaraswa.
Umwami yareze abana be muri Rigor. Imyenda yabo n'imirire yabo byari byoroshye. Abavandimwe ba Royal basezeranye mu myitozo ngororamubiri, kandi bamenye neza. Uyu muryango wimye amahoro kandi ubyemera, abashakanye hamwe nabana bakunze kwishyurwa kwa bene wabo.
Kugerageza Kunanirwa
Ku ya 1 Werurwe 1887, hageragejwe kugerageza kunanirwa ku buzima bw'umwami. Abanyeshuri bo muri Osipanov babaye abitabiriye umugambi mubisha, muri rusange, Pakhomy Andreyushkin na Alexander Ulyanov. Nubwo hashize amezi menshi ko imyitozo y'iterabwoba iyobowe na Peter Shevyreva, urubyiruko rwananiwe gukora umuntu kurangiza. Bose uko ari bane bafashwe n'abapolisi n'amezi abiri nyuma y'urubanza, biciwe binyuze mu kumanika mu gihome cya Shlisselburg.
Benshi mu bitabiriye urufatiro rw'impinduramatwara, na bo batawe muri yombi ba nyuma y'iterabwoba, boherejwe kuva kera.
Urupfu
Umwaka nyuma yo kugerageza ubuzima bwumuryango wumwami, ibintu bidashimishije byabaye: Gariyamoshi Alexandre yagendanye na bene wabo baguye munsi ya Kharkov. Igice cyahimbwe cyarahindutse, abantu barapfuye. Igisenge cy'amagare aho hari abakozi b'ibwami, umwami ukomeye wagenze igihe kirekire hamwe na awe mu minota 30. Kubwibyo yakijije abari iruhande rwe. Ariko kwihannye byatemerewe ubuzima bw'umwami. Alexander Alexandrovich yatangiye indwara zimpyiko, buhoro buhoro.
Mu mezi y'ubukonje bwo mu 1894, umwami w'abami yari akonje cyane kandi yumvaga ari menshi nyuma y'amezi atandatu. Umwarimu w'ubuvuzi wo mu Budage Ernst Leiden, wasuzumye Nephropathiy ukomoka muri Alexander Alexandrovich, yahamagawe. Ku byerekeye umuganga, umwami w'abami yoherejwe mu Bugereki, ariko mu gihe yabaye mubi, bene wabo bahisemo kuguma muri Liadia muri Crimé.
Mu kwezi k'umubiri wa Bogati, umwami wa Ugas muri bose imbere y'amaso kandi kubera ko impyiko yuzuye yapfuye ku ya 1 Ugushyingo 1894. Mu kwezi gushize, kwatura John (Yanishev), kimwe na arryphather John Sergiev, mu gihe kizaza, ejo hazaza, yajugunywe.
Nyuma yamasaha igice nyuma y'urupfu rwa Alexander III, umuhungu we Nicholas yarahiriye ubwami. Isanduku hamwe n'umurambo w'umwami w'abami washyikirijwe umuhango wo guhabwa katedrali ya perropavlovlovsky.
Ishusho yumwami mubuhanzi
Hafi ya Alexandra wa III ntabwo ari ibitabo byanditse nkabandi baturage - abatsinze. Ibi byabaye kubera amahoro ye ntabwo ari amakimbirane. Umuntu we avugwa mubitabo bimwe byamateka yeguriwe umuryango wa Romanov.
Muri documentaire, amakuru ajyanye nayo yerekanwe mubibabi byinshi byabanyamakuru Gleb Panfilov na Leonid parfenov. Filime zubuhanzi Alexandre ya III yitabiriwe, yatangiye kugaragara kuva 1925. Muri rusange, amashusho 5 yasohotse, harimo "inkombe z'ubuzima", aho uyu mwami wagize intambara ya Zolotlothin, ndetse na "Nikita Mikhalkov yakozwe na Nikita Mikhalkov.
Filime iheruka, aho intwari ya Alexander wa III igaragara, yari ishusho ya 2017 na Alexey Mwarimu Malilda. Muri we, umwami yakinnye Gargey garmash.