Ubuzima
Igihe kizaza cy'Uburusiya Maria Maria Alexandrovna, umugore w'Umwami w'abami Alexandere wa II, yavutse ku ya 27 Nyakanga (akurikije uburyo bwa kera) bwo 1824 i Darmstadt. Ababyeyi be bari duke wa Ludwig II Hessian na Duchess Mariya Wilhelmina Badensaya. Uyu mukobwa yahawe izina rirerire Malomilian Wilhelmina Augus Sofia Maria Hessian na Privinskaya.
Ku gikari, ibihuha byasabwe ko umukobwa yavuka ku bijyanye no kutavuga hagati ya Mama na Baron Auguswasi Umukarlen de Granci. Ariko kugirango birinde ibihuha, umutware wa Hessen yamenye umukobwa utemewe Maria naho umuhungu Alenander we abaragwa abaragwa abaragwa. Abana baturanye na nyina mu ngoro i Heiligebenberg.
Umutambyi w'Itorero ry'Abaporotesitanti ya Cimmerman yishora mu burere bwa Mariya, kubera ko umukobwa we yapfuye igihe umukobwa yari afite imyaka 12 gusa. Kuva ku mukunzi wa Mary, umuvandimwe kavukire wenyine ni we wagumye. Data w'izina ntiyitabiriye ikigo gito cy'ubutayu kandi abana ntibashimishijwe. Imyaka yateye imbere yakoresheje mu cyubahiro isobanura ituze kandi itandukanye na kamere yumuganwakazi. Ntabwo yakundaga imipira myiza kandi yuzuye societe yimibereho, haba mubuto no gukura.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ku myaka 14, ubuzima bwumwamikazi Mariya bwahindutse ubuziraherezo. Muri rumwe mu ruzinduko mu nzu ya opera yaho, Ikirusiya cyo muri Kesearevich Alegizandere yasangaga muri Darmstadt. Nubwo umwamikazi we Hessénskaya atigeze yinjira kurutonde rwumwamini wu Burayi kuri samuragwa wu Burusiya, yabujije ibyiyumvo bivuye ku mutima. Maria aramusubiza akoresheje uwongeye. Kuva kera, ababyeyi be barwanyaga abakandida by'Umwamikazi kubera inkomoko ye. Ariko umuhungu yarashimangiye.
Maria Fedorovna, nyina wa Alegizandere, ndetse yaje mu nama ye bwite na Mariya mu Budage. Umukobwa ukomeye ukomeye yakunze mu buryo butunguranye nyirabukwe, kandi yemeye kurongora. Mu myaka ibiri, hafashwe umwanzuro wo gusubika ubukwe bujyanye nurugero rwumugeni. Muri kiriya gihe, yashoboye guhumurizwa mu Burusiya. Umuganwakazi w'Ubudage yemeje orthodoxie, isimbuza izina rye ry'Uburusiya - Maria Alexandrovna, nyuma ahita akomeretsa Zesarevich. Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1841, Maria na Alegizandere bashinzwe itorero rya katedrali y'ingoro ya Tsarskoye.
Icyubahiro cye cy imperial
Mu 1856, mfite imyaka 32, Maria Alexandrovna, hamwe n'uwo bashakanye, yinjira mu ntebe. Kwimana byabereye muri katedrali yo gutekereza kwisugi Moskovsky Kremlin. Ariko nyuma y'intebe y'intebe y'ubwami, Umugabe mushya w'umuryango wa Rumanov yari aririnze ibintu bisa naho ibisasu. Yahisemo sosiyete igereranyo, kandi yavuganye byinshi n'abayobozi b'amadini.
Benshi mubahagarariye societe yo hejuru bitwaje ubuvugururwa kubutegetsi bwayo. Bamwe bamaganwa kuri Maria Alexandrovna uruhare ruto mu bibazo by'ubwami bwa politiki y'amahanga na Homence. Ariko abo gihe benshi bashimye bakurikije uruhare rwayo mugutezimbere societe yikirusiya. Nk'uko ku isonga bwa hafi ya Silina Anna Thutcheva, Maria Alexandrovna yatwaye umusaraba uremereye wo gukorera abarusiya.
Ibyagezweho n'abasomyi
Ntibishoboka gupfobya ibyavuye mu bikorwa by'umwamikazi wa Mariya Alexandrovna kandi, uruhare rwarwo mu iterambere ry'umuryango utukura imbabare, intambara nini yo mu Burusiya, yatangiye ibikorwa byinshi mu kirusiya-Turukiya.
Umugabekazi, kuzigama ku rugendo rw'Uburayi no ku mubare w'imyambarire, ashora amafaranga y'umuryango wa cyami ashyigikira ibitaro byo kuvura abasirikare, ndetse no gushyigikira imfubyi n'abapfakazi. Ku myitwarire yarwo, abaganga benshi boherejwe kuri Balkans gufasha abavandimwe ba Slave mu gitero cya Turukiya. Muri ubuyobozi bwayo mu gihugu hose, hafunguwe imizugo n'ahaguru.
Maria Alexandrovna yagize uruhare runini mu ivugurura ry'uburezi. Hamwe na hamwe, yinjije ibigo 2 by'amashuri makuru, imikino y'imikino 40, ibigo birenga 150 by'amashuri arenga 150. Umwamikazi yagize uruhare mu kugoreka mushya mu mitunganyirize y'uburere bw'umugore, bwatewe inkunga ahanini ku buryo bw'urukundo.
Mu bumenyi bwayo, abahanga K. D. Shushinsky yateje imbere uburyo bwinshi bwa pedagogi, siporo yose y'iki gihe yakurikizaga. Gahunda yuburezi bwibanze bwo kwigisha bwatangiye gushyiramo ibintu byamategeko yImana, Ikirusiya, geografiya, amateka, isuku, imibare, imikino y'imikino. Abakobwa bigishije abigishijwe mushishoza no kubungabunga urugo. Ku rwego rwo hejuru, imfatiro za fiziki, algebra na geometrie yongeyeho.
Umugani wa Pambress n'ubuhanzi bukomeye. Hamwe na yo, inyubako yubatswe n'isi izwi cyane mariinsky, itsinda ryaho ryahoraga rishyigikira urwego rwisumbuye kandi rugereranya uburusiya mu Burusiya mpuzamahanga. Ikinamico yashinzwe n'ishuri rya ballet, riyobowe na Ballerina Ballerina Agrippina Vaganov mu myaka mike. Ibi bigo byabitswe kuri amafaranga yihariye Maria Alexandrovna.
Umusanzu ukomeye watumye umwamikazi yo kwiyegurira abahinzi, muburyo bwose bushyigikira ivugurura ryumugabo we.
Umuryango
Ibyingenzi byagenze ku Bayobozikeri ni uko yahaye Uburusiya umubare munini w'abaragwa. Mu bashakanye hamwe na Alexander wa Maria Alexandrovna yibarutse abahungu batandatu n'abakobwa babiri. Mu ntangiriro yo gushyingirwa, umuryango w Umwamirial wagize ibyago biremereye - ku myaka 7 yo muri Meniditis, umukobwa wabo w'imfura Alegizandere yarapfuye. Abashakanye bakiri bato barababajwe igihe kirekire.
Iyindi funguro kuri nyina ni iherezo ry'umuhungu ukindwa nikolai, wateguraga abaragwa intebe. Mu 1865, mfite imyaka 22, Zesarerevich yapfuye azize igituntu cyangiritse. Byabaye mu buryo butunguranye, kandi nyuma yo gushyingura Maleandrovna yari amaze gutakaza ubuzima ubuziraherezo. Umuhungu wa kabiri, Alegizandere, mu cyemezo cyihuta cyateguwe ku ntebe y'ubwami, kandi amaherezo yashoboye kuba umwe mu banyabwenge ndetse n'abategetsi bakunda amahoro ku ntebe y'urwitema.
Umuhungu wa Perezida Sergey yibasiye nk'Abakuru-Jenerali wa Moscou, washakanye mu gihe cye ku muganwakazi Elizabeth Fedorovna. Nyuma yaho, baguye mu maboko ya Bolsheviks: Sergey mu 1905, Elizabeti - mu 1918. Umuganwa kavukire kandi yari mu gisirikare cye cya Dammstadianna, maze mushiki we kavukire Feburovna, umwami wa nyuma w'inzu ya Romanov. Abandi bahungu batatu ba Maria Alexandrovna, Vladimir, Alexey na Paul, bafashe imyanya minini ya gisirikare. Umukobwa wa Mariya yashakanye n'umuganwa Edinburgh, umuhungu w'umwamikazi Victoria, bityo akaba akomeza umubano w'Uburusiya n'Ubwongereza.
Iyobokamana
Maria Alexandrovna yari umuntu wubaha Imana. Yahujije ibintu byiza biranga umurimo w'abaporotesitanti ku bantu no muri ubujyakuzimu bw'ukwemera kwa orotodogisi. Umugabekazi wize imirimo ya ba Padiri bera, ubuzima bw'abatagatifu. Yasomye Maria Magalena Utagatifu na Saint Seraphim Sorovsky. Hamwe na biografiya yo kwizera kwibabaza Ikirusiya, Maria Alexandrovna yamenyesheje Feulin Anna Tyutchev.
Bidatinze, Hemani wo mu bakiranutsi yagaragaye mu muryango wa cyami, kavukire Maria Alexandrovna yagumanye, mu bandi, ingoro z'umuryango. Tsarina yayobowe n'ibiganiro bya tewolojiya na parfacy Kiev, Philaret, Moscou, Vasily Pavlovo-posadsky. Nyuma y'urupfu rwe mu kwibuka nyina w'abahungu be yubatswe i Yeruzalemu urusengero rwa Mariya Magadalena, aho ubu isi ya Elizabeti iraruhuka.
Urupfu
Imyaka yanyuma yubuzima bwa Mariya Alexandrovna yatwikiriye indwara, urupfu rwumwana ukunda, ndetse nubuhemu bukuru bwumugabo wuje urukundo. Umwamikazi ntiyigeze yerekana ko yitaye ku myitwarire y'uwo mwashakanye kandi ntiyamushinja.
Birazwi ko gukoshejwe na Alexander II, Umuganwakazi Ekaterina Dolgokova, yabanaga nabana butemewe hasi hejuru yubwinjiriro bwumuzungu wubutegetsi bwuzuye. Muburyo bwinshi, ibi byakozwe kubwimpamvu z'umutekano: kugerageza 7 byatanzwe kumuvugurura Tsar, nyuma yacyo byagaragaye ko bica.
Umwamikazi yibasiye cyane ibikorwa by'iterabwoba byose, igihe cyose kimeze kwari kwangiriye nabi. Umuganga wawe Mary Alexandrovna, Sergey Petrovich Bowkin, yita ku mibereho ye, basabwe kubaho muri Crimé. Ariko amezi atandatu yanyuma yubuzima bwe Maria Alexandrovna, utandukanye na baganga, yakoresheje i St. Petersburg, byagize ingaruka mbi kubuzima bwe.
Umugabuso wapfuye mu ntangiriro y'izuba 1880 kubera ingorane z'igituntu. Imva y'umwamikazi iherereye muri Petero na Paul Kathedrale ya St. Petersburg.
Kwibuka
Kwibuka ku Bumbambuzi Mary AlexandroVNna kidapfa n'abakomoka ku mijyi, imihanda ndetse n'inzego z'uburezi. Muri ikinamico ya Mariinsky, bust yumwamikazi hamwe nubwami butazibagirana vuba aha. Urusengero rwa Mariinsky muri iki gihe ni katedrali nyamukuru y'abana b'ibinyoma b'abagore muri Hepsimania.
Muri Newreel, Mariya Alexandrovna yafashwe muri documedie kandi muri sinema yubuhanzi. Uruhare rw'umugore wa Alegizandere II icyarimwe rwakinnye abo babwiriza nka Natalia Vlassov, Marina Alekswandrov, Tatiana Coorsak na Anna Isaikina. By'umwihariko bisa na Ejond yageze irina kozchenko, bigaragarira mu mafoto y'inyamabere y'imyambarire y'ikibabi.
Urukundo Rukundo rukishimira Filime "Umwami w'abami w'Abaroma", "Urukundo rw'Umwami" n'urukurikirane "rukennye na Nastya". Muri Kinontartina, umwarimu wa Alexei "Matilda, witangiye igihe cy'izuba rya SANOWLOV, SONGERY CARMOVSK, Mikhabon Olshanskaya, Mikhaling Olshanskaya, Mikhaling Tolfrar, Louise Tolfram.