Amateka y'inyuguti
Umusore ufite umutima mwiza kandi wintwari witwa Danyo hamwe nigiciro cyubuzima bwe bwerekeje kubantu isi yuzuye umucyo, ishyuha kandi yishimye kandi yishimye. Maxim Gorky yakoze ishusho y'urukundo, ihatira gutekereza, aho bisobanuro byo kuba n'agaciro k'ibikorwa by'umuntu.Amateka yo Kurema
Ubuzima bwo guhanga hakiri kare bwa Maxim Gorky yuzuyemo imirimo hamwe na motif. Inkuru yumukecuru Izerngil yinjiye hamwe ninkuru za "Chelkash" na "Maxim Mirara", aho umwanditsi yishimiye imbaraga z'umuntu yageraga Apogee. Ku iremwa ryindi mirimo yumwanditsi yahumekeye ingendo muri Bessarangabiya yepfo, aho yasanze mu mpeshyi yo mu 1891. "Umukecuru Izerngil" Ndetse atangirana n'amagambo
"Nabonye izi nkuru za Akkerman, i Bessarangabiya, ku nkombe y'inyanja."Birashoboka cyane ko kuvuka kw'imirimo y'ubuvanganzo byari mu mbaraga zo mu 1894. Nyuma y'amezi make, yashyikirijwe urukiko rwo gusoma rubanda kuri Samara gazata, arambura imibare irenga itatu.
Ibigize inkuru biragoye kandi birashimishije. Umwanditsi avanze imigani ibiri (hafi kimwe na Danko), ubumwe nimiterere nyamukuru - isergil ya kera. Maxim Gorky yahisemo uburyo bwo kwandika "bitangaje" ku kazi. Ariko, ubu buhanga, butuma abasomyi batera abasomyi kumva neza ibibera, yamaze kugerageza mbere.
Umukecuru wa kera yakoraga nkabavuga inkuru intwari avuga ku migani, kandi icyarimwe no ku bantu bakunda, abo byabaye kugira ngo bahure mu nzira y'ubuzima. Ibitekerezo bibiri bya Polar byo mu Itangiriro byihishe mumigani bigize ikigo cyingengabitekerezo yinkuru. Umwanditsi yagerageje kumenya agaciro k'ubuzima bwa muntu, gusubiza ibibazo bijyanye n'ibibi by'ubwisanzure bwa kamere.
Imiterere ya Dako yagaragaye ashimira kurwana k'umwanditsi kubikorwa bya Fridrich Nietzsche. Mu ntangiriro y'inzira yo guhanga, Alexey Maksovich yerekanye ko ashishikajwe n'intwari z'umuntu ku giti cye yahawe umwuka wuzuye.
Abasomyi bafashe akazi bishimye. Kugira ngo amenye, umwanditsi yari yiteguye, kubera ko we ubwe hari urukundo yabyakiriye umukecuru Izerngil: mu ibaruwa yandikiwe ya AntonGhov, umwanditsi avuga ubwiza n'ubwumvikane bw'inkuru, amenya akamaro kayo.
Umugambi
Umugani wa mbere, wabwiwe numusaza, uvuga ibyerekeye umusore ukiri muto witwa Labulous witwa Larra. Intwari yavutse ku mugore wo ku isi kandi inkoro itandukanijwe no kureba ubukonje no kurakara. Larra yishe umukunzi we wanze umukunzi we kandi ubwibone bwe bwabanywe bunyago mu muryango we kavukire. Egoism ya Itegeko ryumusore kugirango irungu rihoraho. Ariko, ubwenge bwumwanditsi bukurikiranwa mubusani bwerekeye ukuri ko ubwibone ari igice cyiza cyimiterere. Iyi mico, niba iteye imbere mu rugero, ituma umuntu umuntu kandi agafasha gusubiza amaso inyuma kubitekerezo byabantu.
Imiterere y'inkuru ya kabiri ni Danko, mu maso ye "imbaraga nyinshi n'umuriro muzima." Mu nkuru ya Alilegotoric, abantu, bakarishye mu ishyamba ryijimye, bakurikira abahungu, basezeranije umwanya ususurutsa n'izuba ryiza n'umwuka mwiza. Kureka umuryango utangiye gushinja Dako mu bibazo bye n'umunaniro. Ariko umusore ntiyacitse intege - afata umutima waka mu ibere kandi, amurikira umuhanda, azana abagenzi ku ntego. Feat ya Nyakwigendera mwizina ryabantu Dako ntabwo yari umuntu kandi ntabwo yashimye.
Ishusho na prototype
Mugushushanya ibiranga Danko, Maxim Gorky yarwanyije intwari yimiterere yikunda yumugani wambere. Umwanditsi yangiriyeho isi yimbere y'imbere, ubutwari no gutsimbarara, byatanze igitekerezo cyicyubahiro, ubutwari no gutungana. Ubushobozi bwo kwigomwa bwafashije gutsinda umwijima. Imico myiza yuzuyemo isura nziza. Ishema Utwari, nk'uko uwanditse ubwe yashubije ku miterere, yabajije ikibazo nyamukuru:
"Nzakorera iki abantu?"Arapfa, ahatira umusomyi kugira ngo atekereze ku gukenera ibikorwa byiza, yaba ikiremwamuntu cyabahohotewe "kubantu beza" bakwiriye.
Abashakashatsi bizeye ko Alexey Makkimovich, igihe yateraga imico, yishingikirije ku mpamvu za Bibiliya, gufata ibiranga Mose ndetse na Yesu Kristo. Umuntu agaragaza igitekerezo cyizina ryintwari: Danko afite umuzi umwe hamwe namagambo "tanga", "gutanga". Mubyukuri, izina ryatijwe mururimi rwa Gypsy kandi risobanura "umuhungu muto" gusa, "Ryganenok".
Ku bijyanye n'imiterere ya prototypes, usa n'intwaro gusa ni isano n'imigani y'Abagereki, aho Prometheus yerekanye abantu. Ku rundi ruhande, haragaragara neza ko hagaragara ibyerekezo bya filozofiya EmDepeCla, washimangiye gushyira mu gaciro k'umuriro. Na Maxim Gorky, by the way, yumvise "Fire Froken".
Ariko aya magambo yose afatwa nkibitekerezo. Umutungo wa "wemejwe" Kanama Strondberg gusa, Umusizi wa Suwede, wahumye ibitekerezo by'abanyabwenge mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19. Alexey Maksovich ubwe yamenye ko Danko ameze asa na suwede uzwi. Imiterere n'umwanditsi, hamwe ninshingano zingenzi - "bamuritse abantu barose mu mwijima w'ibyivuguruza ubuzima, inzira y'ubwivanzi n'ubwisanzure."
Gorky na we yatsindiye umusizi porcho patkov. Buligariya yamenyesheje igitekerezo mu misa y'abasomyi ko ejo hazaza ari kubantu bafite ubushake bukomeye. Urutonde rwa "Umutima Wimitima" uri kurutonde rwibisigo byumwanditsi, aho urukundo rwa nyakwigendera rwatwitse. Hagati yacyo, na Danyo hamwe n'umutima waka biroroshye gufatana.
Ibintu bishimishije
- Mu 1967, hashingiwe ku mirimo ya Gorky kuri studio ya "Kiev", umugani "umugani wumutima wa flame". Umuyobozi Ina Gurvich yafashe umugani wa Dako. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, akazi karamenyekana nkiyi firime nziza yo kureba neza, yaberaga mumurwa mukuru wa Arumeniya.
- Umukecuru ni Ishergil - umurimo wa kabiri wanditswe na AlexeI Peshkov munsi yimpimbano maxim Gorky. Urutonde rwa mbere ni "Chelkash".
- Intwari y'imigani ya Daniko yeguriwe urwibutso rwashinzwe muri Konoy Rog mu 1965 mu rwego rwo kubahiriza isabukuru yimyaka 100 ya Maxim Gorky. Ubwa mbere, igishusho cyashushanyijeho kare kare, kubera ko iyubakwa ry'akarere, ryimuriwe muri Avenue ya Gagari. Urwibutso rwashyizeho umuhanzi ukwiye wa SSR ya Ukrine, Umunyabuyabuteri Alexander Vasyakin.
- Mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 90, inyenyeri nshya yitiriwe witwa Danko, yaka mu kirere cy'Uburusiya. Muri iryo teka, umuririmbyi Alexander Fdeev yihishe, mu ntambara y'izo ndirimbo nk '"umwana", "umuhigi", "uri umukobwa wanjye" n'abandi.