Ubuzima
Hayao Miyazaki nicyo cyamamare kizwi cyane cy'Ubuyapani, Umuyobozi, Mugaragaza, Producer n'ikintu cyo gusenga gusa abakundana ba kijyambere. Abakenguzamateka ntibarambiwe gutanga impano y'Umuremyi, abanyamakuru bishimye cyane na kaseti hayao, n'abaturage babishaka basanga muri cinema kuri buri shyashya.
Abafana babona ko Miyazaki hamwe numuco mwiza, cyane cyane ko igishushanyo gito (inzira ya hayao - inseko ya 164), kumwenyura kwa gicuti na shebuja witonda wa shebuja utanga. Icyakora, umutwe ubwe yemeye inshuro nyinshi ko arimo kureba isi agamije kwiheba.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umwana wa Hayao yagombaga kugorana ku gihe cy'Ubuyapani: umuhungu yavutse mu 1941, hagati y'intambara ya kabiri y'isi yose. Isi ya shook yimpinduka yagabanije inkingi itaziguye mugihe cya Hayao, bituma urwanya Fashism kandi yemeza ko yijijutse.
Kuva mu bwana, bwanyuze mu mujyi wa Akabono-Ty, umuhanzi yagejejejwe n'indege, nyuma yagaragaye mu bwigenge bwinshi bw'imyanda ye. Se w'umuhungu, Katzoodi Miyazaki, yakoraga mu myaka y'intambara ku ruganda rwa Miyazaki Eiplein, rukora ibice kuri 6m zeru zeru.
Umuryango wubuyobozi bw'ejo hazaza wari umenyereye cyane, Hayao aba uwa kabiri mu bahungu bane. Hamwe na Data n'abavandimwe, umuhungu yagenze hafi y'Abayapani bose: umuryango wagombaga kwimuka kubera indwara ya nyina irwaye igituntu. Umwanya uhoraho wimyanya yamaze imyaka irenga 10, kuva 1947 kugeza 1955. Mu 1956, igitangaza cyabaye - Nyina wa Miyazaki yagaruwe neza nyuma y'inzira ikaze.
Kurenga bikunze kutabujije umusore kubona amashuri meza. Mu 1958, Hayao yarangije amashuri ashaje ya TOTAM atekereza kwinjira muri kaminuza ya Tokiyo.
Film
Hayao hakiri kare yahisemo guhitamo umwuga. Animation yamushimishije ku mahirwe n'iteka ryose. Mugihe ari umunyeshuri wiganjemo amashuri yisumbuye, umusore yabonye film "umugani winzoka yera". Igitekerezo cy'ishusho cyari gikomeye cyane ku buryo Miyazaki yahisemo kwitangira animasiyo.
Umunyeshuri wishuri yagerageje imbaraga mugukora maga ye (igitabo gisekeje), ariko byihuse bigoye. Ubwa mbere, Hayao ntiyari azi gukurura abantu, umwanya umwe yari ibishushanyo mbonera gusa. Icya kabiri, ugereranije nigishushanyo n'amakadiri yahumetswe na Anime ye, umuhanzi wa Novice yamenye ko yandukuwe neza ku mugwi. Abari aho ntibabonye akazi ka mbere: Miyazaki yatwitse ibyo yaremye.
Mu 1963, umusore yiyandikishije muri kaminuza ya Gakusuin, aho yize politiki n'ubukungu - ibintu biri kure y'isi ya animasiyo. Ariko mugihe cyabanyeshuri, Hayao yashoboye kubona uburambe bwagaciro: Mu myaka myinshi yo kwiga yari mu bagize club yigitabo cya kaminuza. Ibitabo by'abana byabaye ikintu nyamukuru cyo kwitabwaho igitabo n'imirimo y'abanditsi b'Uburayi bize neza.
Kaminuza irangiye, Hayao w'imyaka 22 yinjiye muri serivisi i Toei animasiyo, imwe muri sitiyo nini yo mu Buyapani. Ejo, abahawe impamyabumenyi batangiye na Azov bahita bazamuka urwego rw'umwuga. Mu 1963, Hayao yakoraga akazi ko gutwara icyiciro - icyapa cyo guhinduranya urujya n'uruza rwa Anime Wan Wan Chuushiushinghur. Nyuma yimyaka 2, mu 1965, impano yumusore ukiri muto yabonye ubuyobozi bwa studio. Ibintu byashimye cyane uruhare rwe mu kurema umurabyo wirabura n'umweru "ibintu bya Gulya" ndetse no kwemererwa guhindura iherezo ry'ishusho.
Kuva mu 1969 kugeza 1971, Hayao yashoboye gukora ku mishinga itatu - trilogy "injangwe", ingabo ya manga ", ikanangiriraho anime muri usssr, ikirwa cya animat". Iki gihe Miyazaki yakoze kwihuta no gushushanya animasiyo yingenzi. Mugereranije no kurema amakarito, umuhanzi yashushanyije manga, mugihe kimwe igitabo gishushanyo "cyangiza abantu" byasohotse. Miyazaki yasohoye munsi yizina ryimpimbano kuri Saburo Akitsa.
Akazi muri Toi wazanye uburambe bwumuhanzi wa Novice hamwe no gukundana byingirakamaro. Studio ya Miyazaki yazamuye tekinike iyobowe na Ameri animine izwi cyane y'Abayapani Yasudzi Mori kandi yahuye nasao Takhahata, umukunzi w'ejo hazaza.
Nubwo intsinzi igaragara mu mwuga we, Hayao ntiyishimiye akazi katoroshye. Hamwe nandi abironga na Takhahat, yaremye ihuriro ry'abakozi yarwanije inyungu z'abakozi ba sikonikwa. Ingurube yakurikije icyitegererezo cy'izabukuru: Ubuyobozi bwa Toei bwakuyeho ubukode bwa karato "Umuganwa y'Amajyaruguru". Kumutambura Hayayo ubwe, kandi yayoboye ifoto ya Isao takahata. Ihinduka ryaje mu 1971. Inshuti zahisemo guhindura studio.
Muri uwo mwaka, Miyazaki hamwe n'abafatanyabikorwa bashinze umushinga wigenga A-Pro, ariko intangiriro yimirimo yigenga yagombaga gusubikwa. Ingingo yo hagati yari iyo studio tms imyidagaduro. Ngaho, Miyazaki na Takahada hamwe bakoraga mu ntera yo gukomeza urukurikirane rw'urukurikirane "LUPINE III". Muri TMS, abafatanyabikorwa bakoze imyaka 2.
Ikibanza gikurikiraho ni ubufatanye bwanyuma na Nippon animasiyo, aho mu 1978 Miyazaki yateyenaga nkumuyobozi. Akazi ke ka mbere ni anime nyinshi "conan - umuhungu ukomoka ahazaza", yarashwe kumurimo wa "tide idasanzwe".
Umwaka umwe, animalimoni yongeye gusimbuza studio asubira muri TMS. Bimaze kugwiza Miyazaki yakomeje kwishora mubayobozi. Amaherezo, Hayao yashyizeho umuvuduko wa mbere wigenga-umuyoboro wihariye "Lupine III: Ikibuga cya Caliosotro." Intsinzi ya Shotting yari ituye, kandi ubu irimo kurutonde rwa anime nziza yigeze kuremwa mu Buyapani.
Mu kiganiro, animator animano akunze gusubiramo ko yavuye muri manga kubera kutanyurwa n'ibisubizo bya nyuma. Kubwamahirwe kubafana b'Umuremyi, abari bateranye bari bafite igitekerezo gitandukanye rwose.
Mu 1982, ikinyamakuru cya aniage cyatangiye gutangaza Manga kubandika hayao. Intwari y'ibishushanyo yabaye umwamikazi, uba mu isi yasubitswe kandi iharanira ubuziranenge bwa kamere. "Narwaciye kuva mu kibaya cy'umuyaga" yahise abona abantu benshi, kandi umutwe w'inzu yo gusohora "Tokum Speen" yakoze icyifuzo cyo kuba filio. Miyazaki yemeye, iterambere ryisiga ryatangiye ako kanya.
Dukurikije imigenzo isanzwe yashizweho, Hayao yakwegereye umushinga Takahat: Isao yafashe ifoto yo kubyara. Urakoze kuri gahunda yo gukora cyane, ikarito yuzuye yuzuye kuri ecran nini yamaze mu 1984. Abakenguzamateka barabyakiriye neza.
Intsinzi ya kaseti yambere yashishikarije umuyobozi wimyaka 43. Hamwe na Isao Takahahata na Animage Muhinduzi, Miyazaki yashyizeho studio izwi cyane ya Gh nabili, yerekeje igihangange cyinshi cyisi cya animasiyo y'Ubuyapani. Sitidiyo "Gibbles" yagaragaye ku mugaragaro mu 1985, na nyuma y'umwaka yerekanye abarebaga umushinga wa mbere - Ikibuga cy'iburebure "cy'ikigo cyo mu ijuru".
Mu 1988, "umuturanyi wanjye Totoro" yaje gukodesha. Ifoto itwara abumva mu Buyapani hagati yimyaka 20, aho bashiki bacu babiri barimo ibintu kandi bahuye nimyuka idasanzwe, ariko utuje. Igituba cyiza cyakundwaga mu Buyapani no mu mahanga, abantu bakuru n'abana bamenyekanye na kaseti y'inyuguti, kandi Totoro ubwe yafashe umwanya wicyubahiro kuri stublem shima.
Totoro yagaragaje ikintu cyiza cyakozwe na miniyo yabayapani: abantu nyamukuru, cyangwa cyane cyane, abakobwa bato akenshi bahinduka intwari muri firime ze za animasiyo. Abakobwa bashize amanga, bafite ubutwari n'abakozi bagaragara muri "Serivisi yo gutanga Abapfumu", OSCAR-AXIS cartoon "Abazimu bazimu" hamwe na Mystical Mononok ". Byemezwa ko "Umuganwakazi Monukok" "yazanye Miyazaki na Sitidis" Gibbles "Icyamamare cya kabiri.
By'umwihatsi cyane, ifoto yari irimo muri Amerika, kumenyekana byambitswe ikamba ryamasezerano na Walt Disney, washyizweho umukono muri 1996. Nk'uko kumenyekanisha abo dukorana muri Amerika, Miyazaki mugihe umukono ku masezerano yashimangiye. Umuyobozi yasabye ko studio yororoka ikarito nkuko yari ari mumwimerere. Nkigitonganya, animateur yohereje inkota ya Samurai, abafana mu irangi ritukura, kandi basinya umukono ku nteruro: "Ntucike".
Nyuma yo kurangiza umwamikazi Mononok, umuyobozi wa mbere yatangaje bwa mbere icyifuzo cyo kureka akazi ka studio no kujyana animasiyo idaharanira inyungu. Gahunda yarenze ku birori bibabaje - Urupfu rwa Condo, kamwe muri animasiyo yingenzi stuodio ghibli.
Miyazaki yakomeje gukora. Umushinga ukurikira wari lebon "yambarwa nabazimu", wabonye urumuri mu 2001. Ibyerekeye intsinzi ye ivuga ko imbohe z'abahatanira: igihembo cy'ishuri rya Siyapani
Imiterere nyamukuru yicyapa yari umukobwa muto Tikhiro, ababyeyi be, bakubita igihugu cyubumaji, bahindukirira ingurube. Kugira ngo abakize, umukobwa agera ku kazi yerekeza ku muriro wo muri kariya gace, umupfumu wa Yababa. Igihe yari akiri ahantu heza, Tikhiro amenyana na Haku, igisato n'umuhungu mu muntu umwe, kimwe n'Imana ya Kaonas (ugereranije), sogokuruza), sogokuru).
Muri 2004, urutonde rwintsinzi yuzuza ifoto y '"ikibuga cyo kugenda", ishingiye ku mugambi wo mu gitabo gitangaje cy'umwanditsi w'Ubwongereza Diana Winn abeshya. Amateka yo kurema kw'ishusho ntibusanzwe: Miyazaki yemeye kurangiza umurimo w'undi muyobozi, Mormow Hosoda.
Yoo, iguhatirwa byanze bikunze ikurikirwa no kugwa. Mu 2006, studio yarangije imirimo ku "bihugu by'isi", uburebure bwa Anime yuzuye, gusuzuma ukwezi kwa Ursula le Guin. Miyazaki yashakishije uburenganzira ku itegeko, ariko umuhungu we Goro yatangiye gukora kuri film. Mu buryo bwo gufata amashusho, umubano w'abayobozi bato n'abagize inararibonye wabaye impanuka cyane, kandi ursuure yari yatengushye umurimo wa mbere w'umujyi.
Ikigereranyo kitavugwaho rumwe na "umugani" ntabwo cyatumye umuyobozi ava muri animasiyo, no mu 2008 film yuzuye "ifi pono ku rutare" yagaragaye muri cinema. Miyazaki yerekanye igipimo cy'impanuka: Umushinga mushya wahawe ibihembo bibiri mu Buyapani ndetse n'ibihembo bibiri byo mu minsi mikuru ya Venetian 2009.
Hayao yerekanye isi itaragura gusa, imwe mumishinga yabaye inzu ndangamurage ya animasiyo. Igitekerezo cyo gukora inzu ndangamurage "Gibbles" cyatangajwe bwa mbere mu 1998, ariko kubera akazi gakomeye k'umwanditsi, intangiriro yakazi yimuriwe inshuro nyinshi.
Kubaka byatangiye mu 2000 gusa. Umuyobozi ubwe yakoraga ku gishushanyo. Hayao yashakaga ko ubwubatsi bwinyubako nyamukuru kugirango ihinduke ibintu byonyine byayo. Ubuvumbuzi bwemewe bwabaye ku ya 1 Ukwakira 2001. Inzu Ndangamurage ya Anime Studio ikorwa muburyo bwa labyrint, igenda aho abashyitsi bahura na firime zikunzwe.
Nyuma yo kurekura amafi Pono mu 2008, umuyobozi yafashe ikiruhuko, yamaze imyaka 6. Muri iki gihe, Miyazaki yagize uruhare mu kwandika ibintu bibiri bishya "gukomeretsa" ("Ariett mu gihugu cya Liliputs" na "biva mu misozi ya Sokuba") kandi muri 2014 byongeye gukora umuyobozi.
Indege yo kuramya Hayao ntishobora kureka ishyirwaho rya Cartoon "ifunga Umuyaga", ishingiro ryamateka yubuzima bwa Dziro Chirokosi, Inkubi y'umuyaga ya kizwi cyane mu Buyapani, wakoraga ku ndege ya A6M.
Kugereranya akazi mu iserukiramuco rya Venice wa 2013, Miyazaki yamenyesheje ku mugaragaro itangazamakuru ryerekeye umwuga. Umwaka umwe, izina rye ryashyizwe muri "salle ryo kuba icyamamare mu bihimbano bya siyansi". No mu Gushyingo 2016 AMAKURU YASANZWE, yishimira abafana benshi: yateguye kuzuza amashusho ya malafegraphy ya Mastro.
Umuyobozi yakoraga kuri firime ngufi "Caterpillar Boro". Mu kazi gashya, Hayao yahisemo kugerageza hamwe nikoranabuhanga rya 3D. Premiere yabaye muri Werurwe 2018 ku nzu ndangamurage ya Gibble, aho igaragazwa.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mugwira imigabane kubushake hamwe nabanyamakuru barategura ugereranije n'imishinga mishya kandi igaragaza kumugaragaro umwanya wa leta, ariko ubuzima bwa muntu bwite numuryango wa Miyazaka.
Umugore wa Hayao yabaye Akémi Ota, umuyobozi wa Animasiyo ya animasiyo. Ubukwe bwabaye iyo kugwiza harimo imyaka 24. Abahungu babiri bagaragaye mu bashakanye - Goro na Seesuke. Umuhungu w'imfura yakomeje ku rubanza rwa se, na Sesuke yakoraga umwuga mu bitekerezo by'imbaho.
Guhanga Hayao Miyazaki, tubikesha abafana benshi kwisi, bahindukiriye umuco nyawo. Imyenda yacyo yuzuye, yuzuye amagambo yubwenge, asenywa na amagambo. Mw'izina rya Hayao, hari urupapuro muri "Instagram", rutanga amafoto y'amafoto muri basters ya Cartoon izwi. Ukuri gushimishije nuko murwego rwimibereho hari blog yumufana wa Miyazaki, utera intangarugero mu gukoperatiya, gukoporora amakadiri kuva ku mashusho ya animasiyo n'Umuyobozi.
Hayao Miyazaki Noneho
Ubuzima bwo guhanga bwumuyobozi butarangira. Nibyishimo by'abafana bya Hayao Miyazaki, Umucuruzi wa Sitidiyo "Gibbles" Tosio Suzuki yavuze ko ifoto ikurikira y'uburebure bwa shebuja "Utuye ute?" Umucyo ukaze mumyaka itatu kugeza kuri ine.
Iki kibazo cyari gishingiye ku mugambi w'izina rimwe ry'igitabo kimwe cyo mu 1937 kivuga ku muhungu Juniti honda, wiswe itabi mu rwego rwo kuba umuhanga nikolai copernic. Umusore atakaza se kandi ahatirwa kwimukira mu rugo rwa nyirarume, aho bibaye ingingo y'abavandimwe na bashiki bacu basekeje.
Ibyiringiro by'abakunda ubwoko bwa anime kugaragara mu kigo cy'ejo hazaza havamo imirimo y'abanyeshuri ba Miyazaki. Mu mpeshyi ya 2018, ishusho "mary na Worthin indabyo" za Giromasa Yonkashi, Umuyobozi wa Wize byinshi mu mafilime "yambarwa n'abazimu" na "kugenda. Igikorwa cya Umuyobozi mushya wa Chromas cyasohotse kuri studio "ponoc" (Studio ponoc), ariko, nk'uko yita kuri stution ya "gibby".
Nanone, gukomeza imigenzo ya Hayao nanone byitwa Makoto kugwiza priplip, nubwo animateur ubwe atangaza mu buryo bworoheje ko ubushobozi bwabwo bukabije.
Filmography
- 1984 - "Ikibi kiva mu kibaya cy'umuyaga"
- 1986 - "Sky Land Castle"
- 1988 - "Umuturanyi wanjye Totoro"
- 1989 - "Serivisi yo gutanga Abapfumu"
- 1992 - "Kujugunya Rosso"
- 1997 - "Umuganwakazi Mononko"
- 2001 - "Afite Abazimu"
- 2004 - "Kugenda Ikibuga"
- 2008 - "Amafi Pono ku rutare"
- 2013 - "Umuyaga Ukomeye"
- 2018 - "Crawler Boro"
Ibintu bishimishije
- Intwari Totoro yabaye ikimenyetso cya studio "gucika intege", yagaragaye kandi mu gikarito "inkuru y'ibikinisho. Guhunga cyane. "
- Ati: "Abazimu barambaye" - Ikarito ya mbere yo kugwiza Umuyobozi, inyungu ziva aho uyu mwanya wageze kuri miliyoni 200 $ na mbere yo kuzunguruka muri Amerika.
- Ati: "Umuturanyi wanjye Totoro" yabaye umwe muri gahunda y'uburezi bwigenga mu mashuri y'Ubuyapani.