Ubuzima
Marco Polo -Ventessian, umugenzi uzwi cyane, umwanditsi wanditse "igitabo cyerekana ko isi itandukanye", aho yatangarije amateka y'urugendo rwe binyuze mu bihugu bya Aziya. Abashakashatsi bose ntabwo bemeranya nukuri kwizerwa kubintu bivugwa muri iki gitabo, ariko kugeza ubu biracyari bumwe mu masoko yubumenyi kumateka, ehnography na geografiya ya leta ya Aziya yo hagati.
Igitabo cyakoreshejwe kuri Navigators, abasitori, abashakashatsi, abanditsi, abagenzi bavumbuye. Yagiye hamwe na Christoforeforeforusi muri ubwo bwo koga mu koga muri Amerika. Marco Polo ni abambere mu Banyaburayi bagiye mu rugendo rushobora guteza akaga binyuze mu bihugu bitazwi.
Ubwana n'umuryango
Inyandiko zubuvurwa rya Marco ntizibitswe, nuko amakuru yo kuri iki gihe cyayo ubuzima bwe butari bwo. Byemezwa ko yari umunyacyubahiro, yari ay'ubwenge bwa Venesiya, yari afite ikoti ry'intwaro. 15 Nzeri 154, 15 Nzeri, mu muryango wa Venetiya Umucuruzi wa Veneti Nicolo Polo, ucuruza imitako n'ibirungo. Ntiyari azi nyina, nk'uko yapfuye azize. Umuhungu na nyirasenge bavuka bari bitabiriye uburezi.
Umwaka wavukiye nawo nanone nawo wo muri Polonye na Korowasiya, bibangamira ubwo burenganzira, biganisha ku kimenyetso cyemeza ko ibintu bimwe byemeza ko verisiyo. Inkingi zivuga ko amazina ya Polo afite inkomoko, abashakashatsi bo muri Korowasiya bizeye ko ubuhamya bwa mbere buvuga ku buzima bw'umugenzi uzwi cyane ari mu gihugu cyabo.
Niba Marco Polo yize, ntabwo azwi kwizerwa. Ikibazo cyo gusoma no kwandika ntigavugwaho rumwe, kubera ko igitabo cy'icyamamare cyanditswe mu gitegekwa na periminiano, PISACEC Rusticiano, uwo yari afitanye ubunyage muri gereza ya Genoese. Muri icyo gihe, muri kimwe mu bice by'igitabo byanditswe ko mu gihe ngenda yandikaga ku ikaye ye, yagerageje kwitondera ibibaye kandi byandika ibintu byose bishya kandi bikenewe. Mu bihe biri imbere, kuzenguruka isi, yize indimi nyinshi.
Ingendo no gufungura
Se wa Navigator azaza, kubera umwuga we, yagenze cyane. Ku ngendo ku isi, yafunguye inzira nshya z'ubucuruzi. Se wahinduye urukundo rw'umuhungu we gukunda ingendo, avuga ku byerekeye kugendera ku byemezo n'ibitekerezo. Mu 1271, urugendo rwe rwa mbere rwabayemo na se. Ikintu cyanyuma cyari Yerusalemu.
Muri uwo mwaka, yatoranijwe, uwashizeho umuryango wa Polo (Data, umuvandimwe Morpoo n'umuhungu w'intumwa zemewe mu Bushinwa, aho muri icyo gihe, aho muri icyo gihe, aho icyo gihe igihugu cya Khan Khan cya. Ihagarikwa rya mbere ku nkombe z'inyanja ya Mediterane yari Porda yari Port Laas - aho ibicuruzwa byazanywe muri Aziya, aho batuye abacuruzi bo muri Venoa na Genoa. Ubukurikira, inzira yabo yanyuze muri Malny Aziya, Arumeniya, ihuriro, aho basuye Mosul na Bagdad.
Abagenzi barimo koherezwa muri Tabriz y'Ubuperesi, aho muri iyo minsi yari isoko rikize cyane. Mu Buperesi, igice cyo kubungabunga abajura bateye karwi. Umuryango Polo yarokotse mu buryo bw'igitangaza. Kwita ku nyota mu butayu bushyushye, hakurya y'ubuzima no gupfa bageze mu mujyi wa Balkha wa Afuganisitani, babona agakiza muri yo.
Ubutaka bwiburasirazuba, basanze ubwabo, bakomeza urugendo rwabo, yuzuye imbuto nimbuto. I Badakhshan, mu karere kakurikira, imbata nyinshi zacukuye amabuye y'agaciro. Dukurikije bumwe mu buryo bw'imyanya, aha hantu kubera uburwayi bwa Mariko, bahagaze ku mwaka. Noneho, gutsinda oster of pamiya, yagiye i Kashmir. Polo yatunguwe nabakaruro baho bigira ingaruka mubihe, kimwe nubwiza bwabagore baho.
Nyuma yibyo, Abataliya bari abambere mu Burayi mu majyepfo ya Tien Shan. Byongeye kandi, Caravan yagiye mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba anyuze mu butayu bwa Takla Makan. Umujyi wa mbere w'Ubushinwa mu nzira, ni Shangzhou, ukurikiranwa na Guangzhou na Lanchou. Polo yari afite igitekerezo kinini ku mihango yaho n'imigenzo, Flora na Fauna y'iki gihugu. Byari igihe cyiza cyo gutembera no kuvumbura.
Hana afite Umuryango wa Hubila wabayeho imyaka 15. Umusore Marco yakunze ubwigenge, udatinya kandi wibuka neza. Yabaye umutegetsi w'ikigereranyo, yagize uruhare mu mibereho ya Leta, afata ibyemezo by'ingenzi, afashwa gushaka ingabo, yemeye gukoresha ingaka za gisirikare n'ibindi byinshi.
Gukora amabwiriza ya diplomasi atoroshye, Marco yasuye imigi myinshi yubushinwa, yize ururimi kandi ntiyahwemye gutungurwa no kugerwaho no kuvumbura aba bantu. Yasobanuye ibi byose mu gitabo cye. Mbere gato yo gusubira mu gihugu cye, yagizwe umutegetsi w'intara z'Abayahudi ba Jiannan.
Khubilai ntiyashakaga kurekura umufasha we n'amatungo, ariko mu 1291, amwohereza na Polo bose baherekeza umwamikazi wa Mongoliya, washakanye n'Umutegetsi wo mu Buperesi. Inzira yanyuze muri Ceylon na Sumatra. Mu 1294, no muri urwo rugendo, babonye inkuru ivuga ko KHAN Khubilai yapfuye.
Polo gufata icyemezo cyo gusubira murugo. Inzira inyura mu nyanja y'Ubuhinde yari akaga cyane, gusa bashoboye kuyitsinda. Marco Polo yasubiye mu gihugu cye nyuma yimyaka 24 azerera mu itumba ryo mu 1295.
Ku butaka bwa kavukire
Nyuma yimyaka ibiri nyuma yo kugaruka, intambara ya Genoa na Venise itangira, aho Polo yitabira. Irafatwa kandi yicaye muri gereza amezi menshi. Hano, ukurikije inkuru ze zerekeye urugendo, igitabo kizwi cyanditswe.
Hano hari amahitamo 140 yanditswe mu ndimi 12. Nubwo bamwe mu bahuraga, Abanyaburayi babyigiyeho kubyerekeye impapuro, amakara y'amabuye, imikindo, ahantu h'ibirungo n'ibindi bintu byinshi bikura.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Se wa Marco Yongeye gushaka, kandi afite abandi bavandimwe batatu. Nyuma y'ubunyage mu buzima bwe bwite, Mariko kandi aterana neza ibishoboka byose: Yashakanye n'umunyacyubahiro kandi abakire mu ndogobe venetiyaniya batanga, bagura inzu, barera abakobwa, babyara abakobwa batatu bakabona akabati ka miliyoni. Abatuye umujyi bamufata nk'umubeshyi, kutizera inkuru zerekeye inzererezi za kure. Mariko abaho ubuzima bwateye imbere, ariko yifuza gutembera, cyane cyane mubushinwa.
Gusa umunezero wa bariyeri ya Venetiyani wamuhaye, uko basa n'ingoro nziza y'ibishinwa n'imyambarire ya Khan. Nyuma yo gutaha muri Aziya, Mariko Polo yabayeho muyindi myaka 25. Yishora mu gihugu. Igitabo cyanditswe mu gusoza, byatumye byubabyaye mubuzima bwe.
Polo yapfuye mu 1324 afite imyaka 70 muri Venise. Namushyinguye mu rusengero rwa San Lorenzo, wasenya mu kinyejana cya Xyili. Inzu ye nziza cyane yatwitse mu muriro wambaye umuriro nyuma y'ikinyejana cya XIV. Ibyerekeye ikirango cya Polo, ubuzima bwe n'ingendo, firime nyinshi zishimishije na televiziyo, bitera inyungu nyazo mu gihe cyacu.
Ibintu bishimishije
- Urugamba rwo kwitwa Umubyeyi Marco Polo hagati y'Ubutaliyani, Polonye na Korowasiya.
- Yanditse igitabo kivuga ku ngendo ze kuruta kuba icyamamare.
- Mu myaka yashize, havumbuwe muri yo, imutera mu manza n'umuryango wayo.
- Marco Polo yahaye umwe mu bagaragu be kandi agahanitse umurage we. Ni muri urwo rwego, ibitekerezo byinshi byagaragaye ku mpamvu zitera ubuntu nk'ubwo.
- Izina ry'umugenzi Mukuru mu 1888 ryitwa ikinyugunyugu cya Jaundice Marco Polo.